Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. *The chemical reaction produce precipitate, this is evident from the result of our experiment
that formed a blue precipitate or Cu(OH)2 from NaOH and CuSO4 reaction. In other hand, the
reaction of KI and Pb(NO3)2 also formed a yellow precipitate
*The chemical reaction produces a color changes. After KI and Pb(NO3)2 are mixed, the
color change from transparant to yellow.
*The chemical produce changes in temperature. In the KI and Pb(NO3)2 reaction is happen
temperature changes
The mass of the products is equal with the mass of the reaactant
2. Refer to figure 1 we can see that the more mass of sulfur, then the lenght of copper is
reduced/dwindle. (sulfur sebagai reaksi pembatas)
3. a. Refer to figure 2 and calculating above, we can see that the highest precipitate is produced
from the reaction with the reactant volume composition 3 mL Pb(NO3)2 and 7 mL KI as
following reaction:
a. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
0,3 mmol 0,7 mmol
0,3 mmol 0,6 mmol 0,3 mmol -
- 0,1 mmol 0,3 mmol
b. In the calculation above, we can know that the moles reacted ratio of Pb(NO3)2 and KI is 1:2
4. a. The higher ∆T are mixing from NaOH 20 mL and 10 mL H2SO4 solution
b. n NaOH= M x V
= 0,2 x 20
= 4 mmol
n H2SO4 = M x V
= 0,2 x 10
= 2 mmol
a. the moles reacted ratio of NaOH and H2SO4 is 2:1
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Temperature (°C)
35
34
33
32
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time intervals (min)
V1 = 20 mL 𝜌water = 1 g/mL
V2 = 20 mL cwater = 4,2 J/gK
T1 = 26°C = 299 K T2 = 58°C = 331 K
T3(constant) = 33°C = 306 K
40
T NaOH – HCl (°C)
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time intervals (minutes)
Reaction :
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
M 0,02mol 0,02 mol - -
B 0,02mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol
S 0 0 0,02mol 0,02 mol
o ∆T3 = Tconstant – Ts
= 303 – 299
=4K
o ms = 𝜌s . vs
= 1,03 . 40
= 41,2 gram
q4 = ms . cs . ∆T3
= 41,2 . 3,96 . 4
= 652,608 J
q5 = Ccal . ∆T3
= 216 . 4
= 864 J
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time intervals (minutes)
Reaction :
NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq)+ H2O(l)
M 0,02mol 0,02 mol - -
B 0,02mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol
S 0 0 0,02mol 0,02 mol
o ∆T3 = Tconstant – Ts o ms = 𝜌s . vs
= 303 – 299 = 1,098 . 40
=4K = 43,92 gram
q4 = ms . cs . ∆T3
= 43,92 . 4,02 . 4
= 706,2336 J
q5 = Ccal . ∆T3
= 216 . 4
= 864 J
𝑞6
∆H =− 𝑛
1570,2336
=− 0,02
= -78511,68 J/mol (exothermic)
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time intervals (minutes)
o ∆T3 = Tconstant – Ts
= 301 – 299
=2K
o ms = 𝜌s . vs
= 1,015 . 40
= 40,6 gram
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑇𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
∆Tm = ∆T = ∆TConstant - ∆Tm
2
299 𝐾 +301 𝐾
= = (303 – 300) K
2
= 300 K =3K
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑇𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
∆Tm = ∆T = ∆TContaant - ∆Tm
2
299 𝐾 +301 𝐾
= = (302 – 300) K
2
= 300 K =2K
Heat is absorbed in water
Mass of water = 𝜌water .Vwater
= 1 g/mL . 4 mL
= 4 gram
q7 = mwater.cwater. ∆T
= 4 . 4,2 . 2
= 33,6 J
Heat is absorbed in ethanol
𝑔
Mass of ethanol = 𝜌ethanol .Vethanol molC2H5OH = 𝑀𝑟 C2H5OH
4,758 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
= 0,793 g/mL . 6 mL = 46
= 4,758 gram = 0,1034mol
q8 = methanol. cethanol. ∆T
= 4,758. 1,92 . 2
= 18,27072 J
Heat is absorbed in calorimeter
q9 = Ckal . ∆T
= 216 . 2
= 432 J
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑇𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
∆Tm = ∆T = ∆TConstant - ∆Tm
2
299 𝐾 +301 𝐾
= = (303 – 300) K
2
= 300 K =3K
q8 = methanol. cethanol. ∆T
= 3,172. 1,92 . 3
= 18,27072 J
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑇𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
∆Tm = ∆T = ∆TContaant - ∆Tm
2
299 𝐾 +301 𝐾
= = (302 – 300) K
2
= 300 K =2K
q8 = methanol. cethanol. ∆T
= 1,586 . 1,92 . 2
= 6.09024 J
Heat is absorbed in calorimeter
q9 = Ckal . ∆T
= 216 . 2
= 432 J
So, enthalpy change the heat of dilution of ethanol in water based on the experimental is :
∆HA + ∆HB + ∆HC + ∆HD
∆Hdilution = 4
− 514,68 +(− 4679,60) +(− 9009,59 ) +(−14443,20)
= 4
−28647,07
= 4
= - 7161,7675 J/mol (exothermic)
ACID-BASE TITRATION
1,2610 1000
= 126,070 x 10
= 0,1 M
b. Determine molarity NaOH solution
Volume of Oxalic acid = 10 mL
Volume of NaOH (1) = 19,6 mL
Volume of NaOH (2) = 19,6 mL
Average volume of NaOH = 19,6 mL
(COONa)2 + 2H2O 2NaOH + (COOH)2
(N.V) oxalic acid = (N.V)NaOH
0,2 . 10 = N . 19,6
2
NNaOH = 19,6
= 0,1 N
𝑀
M NaOH = 𝑎
0,1
= 1
= 0,1 M
c. Determine molarity HCl solution
Volume of HCl = 10 mL
Volume of NaOH (1) = 9 mL
Volume of NaOH (2) = 8,9 mL
Volume of average NaOH = 8,95 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
𝑀
M HCl = 𝑎
0,01
= 1
= 0,01 M
d. Based on the data d above, draw a titration curve on graph paper by plotting pH and volume
of NaOH added
12
10
pH
6
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M
12
10
8
pH
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M
e. Determine the pH of the mixture in the equivalent point by (i) theoretical, (ii) the titration
curve
1) NaOH-HCl
Molarity of HCl = 0,1 M
Volume of HCl = 10 mL
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Eqiuivalence point at pH = 7 (theoritical)
12
10
pH 6
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M
2) NaOH-CH3COOH
Molarity of CH3COOH = 0,1 M
Volume of CH3COOH = 10 mL
Molarity of NaOH = 0,1 M
Ka CH3COOH = 1,8 . 10-5
n CH3COOH = (M .V)CH3COOH
= 0,1 . 10
= 1 mmole
𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]
10−14
= √1,8 .10−5 [0,1]
= 5,5 . 10-6
pOH = - log [OH-] pH = 14 – pOH
= - log 5,5 . 10-6 = 14 – 5,26
= 6 – log 5,5 = 8,74 (theoritical)
= 5,26
12
10
8
pH
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M
6+10
Eqiuivalence point at pH = = 8 (practice)
2
f. From the titration curve of acetic acid-NaOH, determine Ka of acetic acid
pH =8
pOH = 6
[OH-] = 10-6
𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]
10−14
10-6 =√ [0,1]
𝐾𝑎
−14
= 10
10-12 [0,1]
𝐾𝑎
Ka = 10-3
g. What is the approximate pH of the mixture of CH3COOH-NaOH in the equivalent point
12
10
8
pH
6
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Volume NaOH 0,1 M
6+10
Eqiuivalence point at pH = = 8 (practice)
2
h. What is the pH of the equivalence mixture of CH3COOH-NaOH if Ka CH3COOH
= 1,8 . 10−5
NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH (aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m 1 mmole 1 mmole - -
r 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole 1 mmole
s 0 0 1 mmole 1 mmole
𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 [CH3COONa]
10−14
= √1,8 .10−5 [0,1]
= 5,5 . 10-6
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 5,5 . 10-6
= 6 – log 5,5
= 5,26
pH = 14 – pOH
= 14 – 5,26
= 8,74 (theoritical)