Chapter 1

The Turing Winners of 1999:Fredrick P. Brooks

Muhammad Junaid Ali1

1.1 Introduction

Fredrick P. Brooks open his eyes in Durham, North Carolina in April 19,1931 and
spent his early days in Greenville, a city in North Carolina.He received an A.B. in
Physics from Duke University in 1953,S.M. from Howard University in the field on
Applied Mathematics (Computer Science) in 1955 and Ph.D. in 1957 from Howard
University under the supervision of Howard Aiken,a pioneer in computer and inven-
tor of Howard Mark-1 Computer.His Dissertations title was ”The Analytic Design of
Automatic Data Processing ”.He also served as teaching assistant in ”automatic data
processing” program for Ken Iverson.
After completing his Ph.D he joined IBM corporation in 1956 where he worked
in Poughkeepsie and Yorktown in New York city where he work on many leading
projects of IBM.One of her famous projects are the development of System/360 and
OS/360 project.He is the manager of both projects.The development of IBM sys-
tem/360 leads to the development of smaller but powerful computer machines.
In 1964 he left IBM and join University of North Carolina as professor and
founded Computer Science department and served as chairman of for 20 years.He
has done research in the field of virtual environment,computer graphics and scientific
computation.
Brooks expressed his difficulties he faced during the development of OS/360, a
operating system developed for their system/360 computer in his book ”The Myth-
ical Man-Month” where he discuss problems faced during management of large
programming projects.He share his experience during project manager at IBM. The
most famous is his discussion of Brooks Law [1]:”Adding manpower to late software
project makes it more late”.His paper ”No Silver Bullet” discusses the accidents of
software engineering and most discussed paper in software engineering.

1 COSMOSE Research Group,

Computer Science Department,
COMSATS University Islamabad,
Pakistan
2 Running head verso book title

1.2 Background
Give an overview of what will be there in this section (1/2 page)

1.2.1 Life History

Dr Fred P. Brooks,Jr was born to Mr. and Mrs. Fred Phillips in Durham city of
North Carolina and get his early education and spend his childhood in Greenville,
a city located in south of Carolina state.At the age of 13 he started his interest in
computers after reading Time magazine article about Harvard Mark-I computer.
A electro-mechanical machine that is said to be the first programming machine
which is 60 feet long and perform only 3 operations.[2]At that time Fred set his
goal that what he will become in future.To pursue his goal he got enrolled in Duke
university where he completed his AB from Duke university and P.hD from Harvard
in 1956.During his job as in IBM he met a person named Gerry who was a strong
christen.Inspired by his thoughts he become christen at the age of 31 years.

1.2.1.1 Life at IBM

After completing his P.hD from Harvard brooks got hired by IBM corporation, a
leading supercomputers developer of that time.There he work on major IBM projects
such as IBM 7090 and System/360 series.

1.2.1.2 Life at University of North Carolina

After the successful completion of System/360 and OS/360 project brooks was in-
vited by North Carolina university where he initiated the computer science depart-
ment.Where he lead the virtual reality group.

1.2.1.3 Personal Life

Dr. Brooks and Nancy Greenwood Brooks have been married for more than 50 years
and living as a happy couple.They have three children Barbara,Roger and Kenneth
and nine grandchildren.Fred named his elder son Kenneth due to inspiration from
Kenneth E. Iverson. [3]

1.2.2 Education
Fred P. Brooks got his early education from Durham, North Carolina.After he com-
pleted his graduation from Duke university in physics.After graduation joined the
computer science program at Harvard university.At Harvard he receive his AM in
1955 and PhD from same institution in 1956 under the supervision of Howard Aiken.[4]

1.2.3 Work Details

After graduating Brooks start working in IBM where he helped in the design of IBM
7090 Stretch supercomputer.It was assigned stretch name because of considerable
performance and technology as compared to other available machines at that time
which contains 150,000 transistors.Sadly,it was a failure. He also participated in
 Running head recto chapter title 3

the design of IBM Harvest, a special version of IBM 7090 designed for National
Security Agency.
He was next assigned to help in the design of IBM 8000 to replace IBM 700/7000
series but canceled due to overcrowded market and numerous number of compa-
nies offering system. As customers buy new systems and replace their old system
they realized that they have rewrite code for every new system.So, a new architec-
ture is necessary which is used in every system and that follows same instruction
set.In order to do so, IBM authority assigned Brooks to lead the team to design
the IBM System/360 which was completed in 1964.The development of System/360
created the term computer architecture.This model use 8-bit memory size instead of
6-bits.Brooks also lead the development of OS/360, a operating system designed for
System/360.
After the successful completion of these projects Brooks was invited by Univer-
sity of North Carolina where he started the computer science department in 1964.He
served from 1964 to 1983 as chairperson of the department.At there he have done re-
search in the fields of virtual environment,human computer interaction,3D computer
graphics and computer visualization.
He has led a laboratory of virtual reality there where he try to solve real world
problems.His work is related to modeling applications that lead to 3D visualization,
especially in haptic feedback.Recently he has contributed to find design trade-offs
that affect the user experience in virtual reality.His team has worked in the field of
computer graphics especially scientific visualization and virtual environments.Their
team has done extensive study in haptic displays.[4]
He has supervised 39 PhD’s during his whole academic career.

1.3 Contributions
Cite and discuss papers, patents, or whatever they have worked on. (2 pages mini-
mum)

1.3.1 Turing-winning Contributions

1 page

1.4 Further Advancements

1 page minimum What has happened in the field after this research. Find papers,
patents and everything else. Find out what else other people have worked on in the
same area. Cite and discuss papers etc.

1.5 Significance and Conclusion

What is the Future significance of the chosen ACM Turing Winners and their impact
on the world. (1 page minimum)
4 ACM Turing Winners

The first idea allows tags and readers/writers to authenticate to [5] each other,
and the second protocol only requires Hash or XOR operations[6] be performed in
tag memory authentication protocol which not only[7] provides authentications but
disguises tags against attackers by giving[8] them fake names, as well.[9]
The first protocol allows tags and readers/writers to authenticate to[10] each
other, and the second protocol only requires Hash or XOR operations[11] be per-
formed in tag memory authentication protocol which not only provides authentica-
tions but disguises tags against attackers by giving[12] them fake names, as well.[13]

References

[1] Brooks Jr FP. The mythical man-month (anniversary ed.). 1995;.

[2] Fredrick P. Biography;. Available from: https://cs.unc.edu/people/
frederick-p-brooks-jr/.
[3] The Language, the Mind and the Man;. Available from: http://archive.vector.
org.uk/art10001240.
[4] Frederick (”Fred”) Brooks;. Available from: https://amturing.acm.org/award
winners/brooks 1002187.cfm.
[5] Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals:
Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication [homepage on the Internet].
Philadelphia (PA): International Committee of Medical Journal Editors; 2005
[updated 2006 Feb; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/.
[6] Bibliographic Services Division [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD):
National Library of Medicine (US); c1993 - [updated 2005 Sep 19; cited
2006 Mar 10]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform
requirements.html.
[7] Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284–7.

Table 1.1 Table title Example

Column Column heads Column Column Column

heads heads heads heads

Body text Body of the text Body text Body text Body text
Body text Body of the text Body text Body text Body text
Body text Body of the text Body text Body text Body text
Body text Body of the text Body text Body text Body text
Body text Body of the text Body text Body text Body text
Body text1 Body text2 Body text Body text Body text

1 Tablefootnote text
2 Tablefootnote text
Source: text roughly sketched.
 REFERENCES 5

Table 1.2 Table title text increasingly

widespread applications

Column heads Column heads Column

heads

Body of the text Body of the text Body text

Body of the text Body of the text Body text
Body of the text1 Body text2 Body text

1 Table footnote text

[8] Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284–7.
[9] Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284–7. Cited in PubMed;
PMID 12140307.
[10] Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, et al. Regulation of interstitial excita-
tory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res.
2002;935(1-2):40–6.
[11] Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and
proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension.
2002;40(5):679–86.
[12] 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ.
2002;325(7357):184.
[13] Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785–7.