Culture

The Korean culture has continued many of the traditions and events that came into their
culture generations ago. These very special aspects are what make Korea what it is today.
Korea was first inhabited by many primitive tribes. Many were ancestors of the
Mongolian culture. These tribes moved East into new lands where they began their new
era. Many of the people living in Korea today are related to these first settlers. As time
went on these tribes united to form a single culture. Since the start of this culture the most
important thing has always been the family.
All things are done with the families permission. The eldest in the house is considered the
most wise, and therefore makes most of the decisions. This tradition was started years
ago, and is still being used today. Every relative in the family that is of the same blood is
referred to as ilga. This means one house. Another term that is continually heard is
tongjok. This is the group of paternal relatives. These relatives are a very tight knit group
that, in many cases, live together in one home. Only paternal relatives can be in the
tongjok. Maternal relatives can never join this group. The tongjok is mainly controlled
with the property of the head family. In other words, the oldest living relatives take care
of this group. Officials are appointed, and the family has a type of small government
running the show. These officials hold special meetings where they discuss things
ranging from ancestral rights to repair of graves. The final decisions of these meetings are
made by the oldest living male. This leader takes care of things like funeral planning,
festivals, graveside rituals, and helps with daily life.
Koreans take great pride in their ancestry and never forget the dead. From an early age
the children are taught to respect their elders and the people who have passed away.
Shrines are constructed in honor of the deceased and are maintained by the tonjok. The
shrines are kept on sacred grounds that are consistently kept up. When walking in Korea
you may see an area with beautiful trees or shrubs in a pattern. This is probably the place
where a family buries their dead. When a parent dies in a family the eldest son is in the
most mourning. He walks around with a hat made of reeds and covers his face with a fan.
He goes about his daily life, but refrains from meeting people and calls himself a sinful
man. The way Korean people treat their dead is just one of the many interesting things
these people believe in.
When a Korean couple wishes to be married, a great deal of things happen. First, some
marriages are still arranged. This is mainly found in the upper class society of Korea.
Wealthy families wish for their children to be married to a son or daughter of a wealthy
family. This way the marriage is more of a union between families than a union between
two people. Social standing is very important in Korea. They believe wealth will bring a
long, happy life. The arranged marriage gets started when a person with a great deal of
information is appointed to find a spouse for a families son or daughter. This person
researches candidates and comes to a conclusion. The two people have a small time of
dating before they are told to marry. If there is a connection, these two people will go on
with the marriage. In recent years, marriages between two people of different social
classes are becoming much more common, but it is not the best way to go in the eyes of
many families.
Most families in urban families have about 4.8 people in them. This is just the immediate
family not the extended. In rural areas the families are slightly larger with 5.3 people. All
the families live either with each other or near each other. These groups of families are
called a clan. If the families are all living in one home there can be up to 4 generations
living together. The homes are built with heavy squared posts at each angle of the house.
Huge beams are used to support rafters for the ceiling. There is a main building in the
middle or sometimes a court. This is the center of the home and is furnished with
decorations and many flowers. The men and women have separate rooms on opposite
ends of the house. Men are never allowed to enter the womens' courtiers. This is a private
place where a woman can be alone. Each room throughout the home are similar to little
apartments. Windows are made of paper and are very fragile.
Most people are seen wearing jackets all year round. As the climate changes they either
add padding or take some away. Both men and women can be seen wearing pants. Some
women, however, enjoy wearing skirts. Males sometimes choose to wear a vest in place
of the jacket. The most common colors of the Korean people are white and light blue.
The land of Korea is ideal for growing rice and many vegetables. These two food groups
make up much of the food consumed. They also enjoy eating fish and meat. Mullet or
barley sometimes takes the place of rice. This is most common in the poorer families
dishes. Korea is also known for its strong spices. Korean people enjoy flavoring their
food with red peppers or garlic. Korean people enjoy sports much like other cultures. One
of the most common for males is wrestling. Their style is very different from other
cultures. The two wrestlers tie their right legs with a rope 2 feet long and kneel down in
front of each other. With their left hand they hold the end of the rope and with their right
hand they hold the clothes of the opponent. They get up and push and pull one another
until one falls down and is beaten.
When the first night of the new year comes everyone hides their shoes. This is because
they believe a ghost will come down and try on everyones shoes. If it finds a pair it likes
it will take them. The owner of the shoes will then have bad luck for the whole year. The
Korean culture is one of the oldest cultures known. These people have many beliefs and
traditions that are still being used today. These traditions are what make these people who
they are. Life, death, and their relatives are very important to them and this is seen in
their every day life.
www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/.../koreanculture.html

Budaya Korea
The Korean culture has continued many of the traditions and events that came into their
culture generations ago. The Korea budaya memiliki banyak melanjutkan tradisi dan
peristiwa yang datang ke generasi budaya mereka yang lalu. These very special aspects
are what make Korea what it is today. Aspek yang sangat khusus ini adalah apa yang
membuat Korea seperti sekarang ini. Korea was first inhabited by many primitive tribes.
Korea pertama kali dihuni oleh suku primitif banyak. Many were ancestors of the
Mongolian culture. Banyak nenek moyang budaya Mongolia. These tribes moved East
into new lands where they began their new era. Suku ini pindah Timur menjadi lahan
baru dimana mereka mulai era baru mereka. Many of the people living in Korea today are
related to these first settlers. Banyak orang yang tinggal di Korea saat ini adalah yang
berkaitan dengan pemukim pertama. As time went on these tribes united to form a single
culture. Seiring berjalannya waktu suku ini bersatu untuk membentuk suatu budaya
tunggal. Since the start of this culture the most important thing has always been the
family. Sejak awal budaya ini hal yang paling penting selalu keluarga.
All things are done with the families permission. Segala sesuatu dilakukan dengan izin
keluarga. The eldest in the house is considered the most wise, and therefore makes most
of the decisions. This tradition was started years ago, and is still being used today. Tertua
di rumah dianggap paling bijak, dan karena itu membuat sebagian besar keputusan, ini.
Tradisi dimulai tahun yang lalu dan masih digunakan saat ini. Every relative in the family
that is of the same blood is referred to as ilga . This means one house . Setiap relatif
dalam keluarga yang adalah darah yang sama disebut sebagai Ilga. Ini berarti satu rumah.
Another term that is continually heard is tongjok . Istilah lain yang terus terdengar adalah
tongjok. This is the group of paternal relatives. Ini adalah kelompok kerabat ayah. These
relatives are a very tight knit group that, in many cases, live together in one home.
Kerabat ini adalah kelompok rajut sangat ketat itu, dalam banyak kasus, hidup bersama
dalam satu rumah. Only paternal relatives can be in the tongjok . Hanya kerabat ayah
dapat di tongjok tersebut. Maternal relatives can never join this group. kerabat Ibu tidak
bisa bergabung ke grup ini. The tongjok is mainly controlled with the property of the
head family. tongjok ini terutama dikendalikan dengan milik kepala keluarga. In other
words, the oldest living relatives take care of this group. Dengan kata lain, keluarga tertua
mengurus grup ini. Officials are appointed, and the family has a type of small
government running the show. Pejabat yang ditunjuk, dan keluarga memiliki jenis
pemerintah kecil menjalankan pertunjukan. These officials hold special meetings where
they discuss things ranging from ancestral rights to repair of graves. Para pejabat
mengadakan pertemuan khusus di mana mereka membahas hal-hal mulai dari hak leluhur
untuk memperbaiki kuburan. The final decisions of these meetings are made by the oldest
living male. Keputusan akhir dari rapat ini dibuat oleh laki-laki tertua. This leader takes
care of things like funeral planning, festivals, graveside rituals, and helps with daily life.
pemimpin ini menangani hal-hal seperti perencanaan pemakaman, festival, ritual makam,
dan membantu dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.
Koreans take great pride in their ancestry and never forget the dead. From an early age
the children are taught to respect their elders and the people who have passed away.
Korea sangat bangga nenek moyang mereka dan tidak pernah melupakan mati. Sejak usia
dini anak-anak diajarkan untuk menghormati orang tua mereka dan orang-orang yang
telah meninggal dunia. Shrines are constructed in honor of the deceased and are
maintained by the tonjok . Kuil dibangun untuk menghormati almarhum dan dipelihara
oleh tonjok itu. The shrines are kept on sacred grounds that are consistently kept up. Kuil
disimpan dengan alasan suci yang secara konsisten terus. When walking in Korea you
may see an area with beautiful trees or shrubs in a pattern. Ketika berjalan di Korea Anda
dapat melihat daerah yang indah dengan pohon-pohon atau semak dalam pola. This is
probably the place where a family buries their dead. Ini mungkin adalah tempat di mana
keluarga mengubur mereka yang mati. When a parent dies in a family the eldest son is in
the most mourning. Ketika orangtua meninggal dalam keluarga anak tertua di paling
berkabung. He walks around with a hat made of reeds and covers his face with a fan. Dia
berjalan berkeliling dengan topi yang terbuat dari alang-alang dan meliputi wajahnya
dengan kipas. He goes about his daily life, but refrains from meeting people and calls
himself a sinful man. Dia pergi tentang kehidupan sehari-hari, tetapi menahan diri dari
orang-orang bertemu dan menyebut dirinya orang berdosa. The way Korean people treat
their dead is just one of the many interesting things these people believe in. Cara
memperlakukan orang Korea mati mereka hanyalah salah satu dari banyak hal yang
menarik orang-orang percaya masuk
When a Korean couple wishes to be married, a great deal of things happen. Ketika
pasangan Korea ingin menikah, banyak hal yang terjadi. First, some marriages are still
arranged. Pertama, beberapa pernikahan masih diatur. This is mainly found in the upper
class society of Korea. Hal ini terutama ditemukan dalam masyarakat kelas atas Korea.
Wealthy families wish for their children to be married to a son or daughter of a wealthy
family. keluarga kaya menginginkan anak-anak mereka untuk menikah dengan seorang
putra atau putri dari keluarga kaya. This way the marriage is more of a union between
families than a union between two people. Dengan cara ini, pernikahan lebih merupakan
kesatuan antara keluarga dari persatuan antara dua orang. Social standing is very
important in Korea. berdiri sosial adalah sangat penting di Korea. They believe wealth
will bring a long, happy life. Mereka percaya kekayaan akan membawa hidup, panjang
bahagia. The arranged marriage gets started when a person with a great deal of
information is appointed to find a spouse for a families son or daughter. Perkawinan
diatur akan dimulai ketika seseorang dengan banyak informasi yang ditunjuk untuk
mencari pasangan untuk putra atau putri keluarga. This person researches candidates and
comes to a conclusion. Orang ini penelitian calon dan datang ke kesimpulan. The two
people have a small time of dating before they are told to marry. Kedua orang memiliki
waktu kecil berpacaran sebelum mereka diberitahu untuk menikah. If there is a
connection, these two people will go on with the marriage. Jika ada sambungan, dua
orang akan melanjutkan dengan pernikahan. In recent years, marriages between two
people of different social classes are becoming much more common, but it is not the best
way to go in the eyes of many families. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pernikahan antara
dua orang dari kelas sosial yang berbeda menjadi jauh lebih umum, tapi itu bukan cara
terbaik untuk pergi di mata banyak keluarga.
Most families in urban families have about 4.8 people in them. Sebagian besar keluarga
dalam keluarga perkotaan memiliki sekitar 4,8 orang di dalamnya. This is just the
immediate family not the extended. Ini hanya keluarga langsung tidak diperpanjang. In
rural areas the families are slightly larger with 5.3 people. Di daerah pedesaan keluarga
yang sedikit lebih besar dengan 5.3 orang. All the families live either with each other or
near each other. Semua keluarga hidup baik dengan satu sama lain atau dekat satu sama
lain. These groups of families are called a clan. Kelompok-kelompok keluarga disebut
marga. If the families are all living in one home there can be up to 4 generations living
together. The homes are built with heavy squared posts at each angle of the house. Jika
keluarga semua hidup dalam satu rumah ada bisa sampai 4 generasi hidup bersama.
Rumah-rumah dibangun dengan posting kuadrat berat di setiap sudut rumah. Huge beams
are used to support rafters for the ceiling. Balok besar digunakan untuk mendukung kasau
untuk langit-langit. There is a main building in the middle or sometimes a court. Ada
sebuah bangunan utama di tengah atau kadang-kadang pengadilan. This is the center of
the home and is furnished with decorations and many flowers. Ini adalah pusat dari
rumah dan dilengkapi dengan dekorasi dan banyak bunga. The men and women have
separate rooms on opposite ends of the house. Para pria dan wanita memiliki ruangan
terpisah pada ujung berlawanan rumah. Men are never allowed to enter the womens'
courtiers. Pria tidak pernah diperbolehkan untuk masuk womens 'istana tersebut. This is a
private place where a woman can be alone. Ini adalah tempat pribadi di mana seorang
wanita bisa sendirian. Each room throughout the home are similar to little apartments.
Setiap kamar di seluruh rumah mirip dengan apartemen kecil. Windows are made of
paper and are very fragile. Windows adalah terbuat dari kertas dan sangat rapuh.
Most people are seen wearing jackets all year round. Kebanyakan orang terlihat
mengenakan jaket sepanjang tahun. As the climate changes they either add padding or
take some away. Karena perubahan iklim mereka baik menambahkan padding atau
mengambil beberapa jauhnya. Both men and women can be seen wearing pants. Baik pria
maupun wanita bisa dilihat memakai celana. Some women, however, enjoy wearing
skirts. Beberapa wanita, bagaimanapun, menikmati memakai rok. Males sometimes
choose to wear a vest in place of the jacket. Laki-laki kadang-kadang memilih untuk
mengenakan rompi di tempat jaket. The most common colors of the Korean people are
white and light blue. Warna yang umum sebagian besar orang Korea yang putih dan
cahaya biru. The land of Korea is ideal for growing rice and many vegetables. Tanah
Korea adalah ideal untuk menanam padi dan sayuran banyak. These two food groups
make up much of the food consumed. Kedua kelompok makanan membuat banyak
makanan yang dikonsumsi. They also enjoy eating fish and meat. Mereka juga menikmati
makan ikan dan daging. Mullet or barley sometimes takes the place of rice. Belanak atau
barley kadang-kadang mengambil tempat beras. This is most common in the poorer
families dishes. Korea is also known for its strong spices. Hal ini paling umum di piring
keluarga miskin. Korea juga dikenal dengan rempah-rempah yang kuat. Korean people
enjoy flavoring their food with red peppers or garlic. orang Korea menikmati rasa
makanan mereka dengan paprika merah atau bawang putih. Korean people enjoy sports
much like other cultures. orang Korea menikmati olahraga seperti budaya lain. One of the
most common for males is wrestling. Salah satu yang paling umum untuk laki-laki adalah
gulat. Their style is very different from other cultures. Gaya mereka sangat berbeda dari
budaya lain. The two wrestlers tie their right legs with a rope 2 feet long and kneel down
in front of each other. Kedua pegulat mengikat kaki kanan mereka dengan tali 2 kaki
panjang dan berlutut di depan satu sama lain. With their left hand they hold the end of the
rope and with their right hand they hold the clothes of the opponent. Dengan tangan kiri
mereka memegang ujung tali dan dengan tangan kanan mereka memegang pakaian
lawan. They get up and push and pull one another until one falls down and is beaten.
Mereka bangun dan mendorong dan menarik satu sama lain sampai salah satu jatuh dan
dipukuli.
When the first night of the new year comes everyone hides their shoes. This is because
they believe a ghost will come down and try on everyones shoes. Ketika malam pertama
tahun baru datang menyembunyikan semua sepatu mereka. Hal ini karena mereka
percaya hantu akan turun dan mencoba sepatu everyones. If it finds a pair it likes it will
take them. Jika menemukan pasangan itu suka akan membawa mereka. The owner of the
shoes will then have bad luck for the whole year. Pemilik dari sepatu akan memiliki nasib
buruk sepanjang tahun. The Korean culture is one of the oldest cultures known. Budaya
Korea adalah salah satu budaya tertua yang dikenal. These people have many beliefs and
traditions that are still being used today. Orang-orang ini memiliki banyak kepercayaan
dan tradisi yang masih digunakan saat ini. These traditions are what make these people
who they are. Tradisi ini yang membuat orang-orang yang mereka. Life, death, and their
relatives are very important to them and this is seen in their every day life. Kehidupan,
kematian, dan kerabat mereka sangat penting bagi mereka dan ini terlihat dalam hidup
mereka setiap hari.
Link: Korean Culture

Display
Select Food Type:

Food
When most people think of Korean food, they think of kimchi, Korea's staple side dish which, along
with rice, accompanies almost every meal. Although it is an acquired taste, many long-term
foreigners also find themselves missing the flavor of kimchi if they have too many meals without
it. While many Korean dishes are unfamiliar at first, they are not really that different from some
Western foods. See our database of Korean food, with descriptions, pictures, spiciness levels, and
average price ranges.

Recipes
Life in Korea presents recipes for some popular Korean dishes.
Learn how to make your favorite Korean food easily.
Recipes include side dishes, main dishes, and street foods.

Restaurants
Korea has all kinds of eating establishments, ranging from street vendors (pojangmachas) and
hole-in-the-wall shikdangs (small restaurants) to high-priced, formal restaurants will full-course
meals. In between you can find many types of medium-sized places offering a wide range of food
types, including traditional Korean food, fast food, Western and other non-Korean dishes. Happily,
tipping is not customary in Korea.

Korean Table Manners

Food is an important aspect of Korean life. Life in Korea offers some simple tips for eating Korean
food properly and show respect to your hosts and the people eating with you.
Drink
With their meals, Korean rarely drink anything but a little water or poricha (barley tea). However,
when they drink, they drink a wide variety of beverages. Tea and coffee shops abound. In addition
to beer (several domestic and imported brands are readily available), Korea has many different
types of traditional alcoholic drinks, with soju being the most popular. Other common drinks
include makgeolli and dong-dong-ju (both whitish colored drinks made from rice or potatoes).

Bars
Drinking establishments range from the same pojangmachas where you can eat to upscale night
clubs with expensive table charges. In between are a variety of bars, pubs, hofs, and rock cafes.
Note that there is a lot of overlap as patrons can buy drinks at some restaurants and eat at most
drinking establishments.

Korean Drinking Manners

In the past, Korean drinking customs were steeped in tradition and ceremony, especially in
showing respect and courtesy. Nowadays, customs take into account hygiene and respect the
wishes of people to not drink too much. Life in Korea suggests some basic tips for making your
drinking experiences more enjoyable in Korea.
www.lifeinkorea.com/food/index.cfm

It would be interesting for you to know about the Korean sense of values.
Honestly, relationships within the family are the most highly valued in Korea.
We have very strong bonds within our family. As a result, I think of Korea as one big family.
Though each Korean has a very busy lifestyle, they try to come together and enjoy each other as often as
possible. Should I tell you a little about my family's lifestyle?
It would be a great pleasure for me to do so for you.
Family Relationships
Traditionally, Koreans are proud of their good relationship among family members. We think that respect for
the elder is the most noble attribute of Korean society. Elderly people give advice to the younger generation,
and the younger people submit to the elder's wise advice. Korean families are called a "small society." They
feel a strong responsibility about bringing their home as a part of the social educational center. Although the
idea of individualism and economic growth brings family division, most Koreans don't forget that the family is
the most important group for themselves as well as for the country. There are still many extended Korean
families who live with three generations. Many first born sons feel their responsibility of taking care of their
parents.

Origin
The beginning of Korean history is often dated from 2333 B.C. Tan-Gun is the mythical progenitor of the
Korean people. King Tan-Gun established the first Korean kingdom, Choson. Nowadays, Koreans celebrate
October 3rd, as National Foundation Day.

Primitive Ages
The Korean primitive age progressed throughout the old-stone age, mid-stone age and new-stone age.

Ancient Ages
The end of the new stone age, people started to use metal goods. At that time, Choson was established. There
were various new and strong kingdoms that succeeded after Choson. These kingdoms were based on the metal
culture. Among various kingdoms, Koguryo, Paekche, and Shilla were remarkable ones.

In 676, Shilla achieved its first territorial unification. For two and half centuries, Shilla enjoyed peace and
prosperity during that time. She built up national culture in various areas of science, the arts, and literature.

Medieval Ages
In the beginning of the 10th century, ancient ages transgressed into the medieval ages. The founding monarch
of Koryo (918-1392), was named by Wang-Gun, who had served under the rebel prince of Shilla.

Koryo achieved some great accomplishments. Korean potters created a mysterious bluish-green glaze for
celadon, making a monumental contribution to the world of ceramics .

Aswell, Koryo invented the world first movable printing metal type in 1234. This preceeded Gutenberg's
printing press by two centuries.

In 1392, another Choson Dynasty succeeded Koryo. The Choson rulers governed with a well-balanced and
sophisticated political system. The founders of the Choson Dynasty replaced Buddhism with Confucianism in
order to reduce the political power of the dominant Buddhist influences. During this age, society in general
highly valued academic learning while dishonoring commerce and manufacturing.
During the reign of King Sejong (1418-50)- Choson's fourth monarch- Korea enjoyed an unprecedented
flowering of culture and the arts. For instance, Han-Gul, the Korean alphabet, was invented while he reigned.

In the late 16th century, however, Korea experienced difficulties through war against Japan. From the early
17th century, a movement advocating practical studies gained considerable momentum among liberal-minded
scholar-officials as a way to build a modern country.

However, the government of conservative aristocrats was not ready to accommodate their ideas.

Modern Ages
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Koreans experienced the rise of Sil-hak, the school of practical learning
among liberal minded scholar-officials. Unfortunately, most of their ideas were ignored, and the governments
stuck to its traditional ways.

Korea remained a hermit kingdom opposed to the western demands for diplomatic and trade relationships in the
19th century.

Korea again became the arena for a power struggle in Asia. Japan, China and Russia were the prime
competitors. The Choson dynasty ended in 1910.

Present Ages
After Korea was annexed, Japan started to exploit Korea. Japanese colonial rule stimulated the growth of
nationalism among Koreans. In 1919, Koreans started the independence movement against Japanese annexation
and exploitation. This movement continued till August 1945.

Finally, the strong bond of national identity and patriotism of the Korean people led to the independence and
establishment of the Republic of Korea.

In spite of the tragic Korean War (1950-1953), Korea kept its successful economic development during the last
30 years.

Koreans zeal for education is very high. Our education system consists of six years primary schools, three years
middle schools, three years high school and two years colleges or four years university.
The Zeal for Education of Korean
Every Korean has a very high enthusiasm for education. Throughout the Korean history, their devotion to
education was initially motivated by the old Confucianism. Most Koreans respect scholars, those who have
passed the state examinations, and they wanted their children to have the same zeal for a high educational
background. We want to see this zeal to become the power of new Korea.

University Entrance Exam.

Most Koreans face a difficult entrance exam for university. They feel that it is the most intense test during their
lives. Every high school student wishes to go on to university. They see the very high rate of competition
within the Korean society, yet still want to become successful. They look forward to seeing themselves
studying in a university and to have a chance to develop their talents. But many high school students don't get
the chance to study in a university because of the fierce competition. That is the reason many high school
students study very hard and even spend time for the out-of-school studies.

Fifty years ago, Korea was just an ordinary agricultural country. From 1950 to 1952, the Korean War turned
into one of the world's poorest countries.

However, Korea has been able to achieve economic development, that is widely acclaimed as "the economic
miracle on the Han river.

A question may arise in you head, how is it possible for a poor country to develop its economy so rapidly ...,?
Korea was able to score numerous achievements with the five-year economic development program in 1962.
As a result, Korea's gross national product increased, and put Korea as the 11th ranked country in the world.

Korea has not many natural resources, but it has developed an expertise in the area of export.

Our main export industry are chemical, steel and metal goods as well as machinery, electronic and transport
machinery.

In order to actualize the new dream of a new economy in the year 2000, Korean's new economic policy is
intending to foster private initiative and creativity at all levels of business.

Korean language
Koreans use both Hangal, the Korean language, and Hanja, Chines language.

The Korean language relates to the Ural-Altaic language group which also similar to Turkish. Once upon a
time in Korea, there were various Korean tongues. but in the seventh century when The three kingdom one,
they unified Korean tongue into one language.

Nowadays, Korean speak one Korean language and write the Korean alphabet, Hangul, whice was invented
in 1443 by king Sejong the Great.
www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/.../koreanculture.html

Origin Asal
The beginning of Korean history is often dated from 2333 BC Tan-Gun is the mythical
progenitor of the Korean people. Awal sejarah Korea sering tanggal dari 2333 SM Tan-Gun
adalah mitos nenek moyang orang Korea. King Tan-Gun established the first Korean
kingdom, Choson. Raja Tan-Gun mendirikan kerajaan Korea pertama, Choson. Nowadays,
Koreans celebrate October 3rd, as National Foundation Day. Saat ini, Korea merayakan 3
Oktober, sebagai National Foundation Day.

Primitive Ages Abad Primitif

The Korean primitive age progressed throughout the old-stone age, mid-stone age and new-
stone age. Usia primitif Korea berkembang sepanjang-batu usia tua,-zaman batu-batu
pertengahan dan zaman baru.

Ancient Ages Abad Kuno

The end of the new stone age, people started to use metal goods. Akhir zaman batu baru,
orang-orang mulai menggunakan barang logam. At that time, Choson was established. Pada
waktu itu, Choson didirikan. There were various new and strong kingdoms that succeeded
after Choson. Ada kerajaan baru dan berbagai kuat yang berhasil setelah Choson. These
kingdoms were based on the metal culture. Kerajaan ini didasarkan pada budaya logam.
Among various kingdoms, Koguryo, Paekche, and Shilla were remarkable ones. Di antara
berbagai kerajaan, Koguryo, Paekche, dan Shilla adalah orang yang luar biasa.
In 676, Shilla achieved its first territorial unification. Pada 676, Shilla mencapai penyatuan
pertama teritorial. For two and half centuries, Shilla enjoyed peace and prosperity during that
time. Selama dua setengah abad, Shilla menikmati perdamaian dan kemakmuran selama
waktu itu. She built up national culture in various areas of science, the arts, and literature.
Dia membangun kebudayaan nasional di berbagai bidang ilmu, seni, dan sastra.

Medieval Ages Abad Pertengahan

In the beginning of the 10th century, ancient ages transgressed into the medieval ages. Pada
awal abad ke-10, usia kuno melanggar ke abad pertengahan. The founding monarch of
Koryo (918-1392), was named by Wang-Gun, who had served under the rebel prince of
Shilla. Raja pendiri Koryo (918-1392), disebut oleh Wang-Gun, yang telah menjabat di
bawah pangeran pemberontak dari Shilla.
Koryo achieved some great accomplishments. Koryo mencapai beberapa prestasi besar.
Korean potters created a mysterious bluish-green glaze for celadon, making a monumental
contribution to the world of ceramics . Korea tembikar menciptakan misterius kebiruan-hijau
glasir untuk seladon, memberikan kontribusi monumental ke dunia keramik.
Aswell, Koryo invented the world first movable printing metal type in 1234. This preceeded
Gutenberg's printing press by two centuries. Selain itu, Koryo menemukan jenis logam
pertama dunia bergerak percetakan di 1234. Ini didahului percetakan pers Gutenberg oleh
dua abad.
In 1392, another Choson Dynasty succeeded Koryo. Pada 1392, Dinasti Choson lain berhasil
Koryo. The Choson rulers governed with a well-balanced and sophisticated political system.
The founders of the Choson Dynasty replaced Buddhism with Confucianism in order to
reduce the political power of the dominant Buddhist influences. During this age, society in
general highly valued academic learning while dishonoring commerce and manufacturing.
Para penguasa Choson diatur dengan seimbang dan canggih sistem politik-baik.. Para pendiri
Dinasti Choson diganti Buddhisme dengan Konghucu dalam rangka mengurangi kekuatan
politik yang dominan Buddha pengaruh Selama usia ini, masyarakat pada umumnya sangat
dihargai belajar akademik sementara penghujahan perdagangan dan manufaktur.
During the reign of King Sejong (1418-50) - Choson's fourth monarch- Korea enjoyed an
unprecedented flowering of culture and the arts. Selama pemerintahan Raja Sejong (1418-
1450) - keempat raja Choson Teman-Korea menikmati berbunga belum pernah terjadi
sebelumnya budaya dan seni. For instance, Han-Gul, the Korean alphabet, was invented
while he reigned. Misalnya, Han-Gul, alfabet Korea, diciptakan sementara ia memerintah.
In the late 16th century, however, Korea experienced difficulties through war against Japan.
Pada akhir abad ke-16, bagaimanapun, Korea mengalami kesulitan dalam perang melawan
Jepang. From the early 17th century, a movement advocating practical studies gained
considerable momentum among liberal-minded scholar-officials as a way to build a modern
country. Dari awal abad ke-17, sebuah gerakan advokasi studi praktis mendapatkan
momentum yang cukup besar antara sarjana-berpikiran-pejabat liberal sebagai cara untuk
membangun sebuah negara modern.
However, the government of conservative aristocrats was not ready to accommodate their
ideas. Namun, pemerintah bangsawan konservatif tidak siap untuk menampung ide-ide
mereka.

Modern Ages Abad Modern

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Koreans experienced the rise of Sil-hak, the school of
practical learning among liberal minded scholar-officials. Unfortunately, most of their ideas
were ignored, and the governments stuck to its traditional ways. Pada abad 17 dan 18,
Korea mengalami kenaikan Sil-hak, sekolah pembelajaran praktis di kalangan sarjana
liberal-pejabat berpikiran,. Sayangnya sebagian besar dari ide-ide mereka diabaikan, dan
pemerintah terjebak dengan cara-cara tradisional.
Korea remained a hermit kingdom opposed to the western demands for diplomatic and trade
relationships in the 19th century. Korea tetap menjadi kerajaan pertapa menentang tuntutan
barat untuk dan perdagangan hubungan diplomatik di abad ke-19.
Korea again became the arena for a power struggle in Asia. Korea lagi menjadi ajang
pertarungan kekuasaan di Asia. Japan, China and Russia were the prime competitors. The
Choson dynasty ended in 1910. Jepang, Cina dan Rusia adalah pesaing utama. Dinasti
Choson berakhir pada tahun 1910.

Present Ages Hadir Usia

After Korea was annexed, Japan started to exploit Korea. Japanese colonial rule stimulated
the growth of nationalism among Koreans. Setelah Korea dicaplok, Jepang mulai
mengeksploitasi Korea kolonial pemerintahan Jepang. Memacu pertumbuhan nasionalisme
di antara Korea. In 1919, Koreans started the independence movement against Japanese
annexation and exploitation. Pada tahun 1919, Korea mulai gerakan kemerdekaan melawan
aneksasi Jepang dan eksploitasi. This movement continued till August 1945. Gerakan ini
terus berlangsung sampai Agustus 1945.
Finally, the strong bond of national identity and patriotism of the Korean people led to the
independence and establishment of the Republic of Korea. Akhirnya, ikatan yang kuat
identitas nasional dan patriotisme rakyat Korea menyebabkan kemerdekaan dan
pembentukan Republik Korea.
In spite of the tragic Korean War (1950-1953), Korea kept its successful economic
development during the last 30 years. Terlepas dari Perang Korea tragis (1950-1953), Korea
terus keberhasilan pengembangan ekonomi selama tahun-tahun terakhir 30.

Koreans zeal for education is very high. Korea semangat untuk pendidikan sangat tinggi. Our
education system consists of six years primary schools, three years middle schools, three
years high school and two years colleges or four years university. Sistem pendidikan kami
terdiri dari enam tahun sekolah dasar, tiga tahun sekolah menengah, tiga tahun sekolah
menengah dan perguruan tinggi dua tahun atau empat universitas tahun.
The Zeal for Education of Korean Yang Cinta untuk Pendidikan Korea
Every Korean has a very high enthusiasm for education. Setiap Korea memiliki antusiasme
yang sangat tinggi untuk pendidikan. Throughout the Korean history, their devotion to
education was initially motivated by the old Confucianism. Sepanjang sejarah Korea,
pengabdian mereka terhadap pendidikan pada awalnya didorong oleh Konfusianisme lama.
Most Koreans respect scholars, those who have passed the state examinations, and they
wanted their children to have the same zeal for a high educational background. Kebanyakan
sarjana menghormati Korea, mereka yang telah lulus ujian negara, dan mereka ingin anak-
anak mereka untuk memiliki semangat yang sama untuk latar belakang pendidikan tinggi.
We want to see this zeal to become the power of new Korea. Kami ingin melihat ini
semangat untuk menjadi kekuatan Korea baru.

University Entrance Exam. Ujian Masuk Universitas.

Most Koreans face a difficult entrance exam for university. Kebanyakan Korea menghadapi
ujian masuk sulit bagi universitas. They feel that it is the most intense test during their lives.
Mereka merasa bahwa itu adalah tes yang paling kuat selama hidup mereka. Every high
school student wishes to go on to university. Setiap siswa SMA ingin melanjutkan ke
universitas. They see the very high rate of competition within the Korean society, yet still
want to become successful. Mereka melihat tingkat persaingan yang sangat tinggi dalam
masyarakat Korea, namun masih ingin menjadi sukses. They look forward to seeing
themselves studying in a university and to have a chance to develop their talents. Mereka
berharap untuk melihat diri mereka belajar di universitas dan memiliki kesempatan untuk
mengembangkan bakat mereka. But many high school students don't get the chance to study
in a university because of the fierce competition. Tetapi banyak siswa SMA tidak
mendapatkan kesempatan untuk belajar di universitas karena persaingan yang ketat. That is
the reason many high school students study very hard and even spend time for the out-of-
school studies. Itulah alasan mengapa banyak siswa sekolah menengah penelitian yang
sangat keras dan bahkan menghabiskan waktu selama batas studi-sekolah.

Fifty years ago, Korea was just an ordinary agricultural country. Lima puluh tahun yang lalu, Korea hanya
sebuah negara agraris biasa. From 1950 to 1952, the Korean War turned into one of the world's poorest
countries. Dari tahun 1950 sampai 1952, Perang Korea berubah menjadi salah satu negara termiskin di dunia
itu.

However, Korea has been able to achieve economic development, that is widely acclaimed
as "the economic miracle on the Han river. Namun, Korea telah mampu mencapai
pembangunan ekonomi, yang secara luas diakui sebagai "keajaiban ekonomi di sungai Han.
A question may arise in you head, how is it possible for a poor country to develop its
economy so rapidly ...,? Sebuah pertanyaan mungkin muncul di kepala Anda, bagaimana
mungkin bagi negara miskin untuk mengembangkan ekonomi begitu cepat ...,? Korea was
able to score numerous achievements with the five-year economic development program in
1962. Korea mampu berbagai prestasi skor dengan tahun ekonomi pengembangan program-
lima pada tahun 1962. As a result, Korea's gross national product increased, and put Korea as
the 11th ranked country in the world. Akibatnya, produk nasional kotor meningkat Korea,
dan menempatkan Korea sebagai negara urutan ke 11 di dunia.
Korea has not many natural resources, but it has developed an expertise in the area of export.
Korea belum banyak sumber daya alam, tetapi telah mengembangkan keahlian di bidang
ekspor.
Our main export industry are chemical, steel and metal goods as well as machinery,
electronic and transport machinery. industri ekspor utama kami adalah kimia, baja dan
barang logam serta mesin, elektronik dan mesin transportasi.
In order to actualize the new dream of a new economy in the year 2000, Korean's new
economic policy is intending to foster private initiative and creativity at all levels of
business. Dalam rangka mewujudkan mimpi baru ekonomi baru di tahun 2000, kebijakan
ekonomi baru Korea adalah berniat untuk mendorong inisiatif swasta dan kreativitas di
semua tingkat bisnis.