CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, Linn) is a herbaceous hairy annual plant, belonging to the family

malvaceae. It is also a potential oil and protien crop which also has an exporting value. All parts

of the okra plant are usefull, its leave and tender shoots which are equally rich in nutrients can be

cooked and eaten. The pods are good sources of protien a well as ascorbic acid content of

20g/100g and high level of calcium, fiber and ash. Mature seeds contain about 21% of edible oil

(Foods Agricultural and Environment 2005). In the philippines, okra contibutes as much as 16

million pesos to the economoy annually. Okra production in the philippines and in other

countries like thailand where okra is an important commodity crop for the export industry. Japan

imports okra during winter season from December to March, when it is not possible to plant

okra. Japanese consumers prefer the ridged variety of okra. Local consumers want the smooth

variety hence reject from thier harvest is used for animal feeds ( Justo, 2010). In the production

of okra, all modern practices that contibute to its production are needed to be explored to

increase production per unit area. High yield is attributed to better varities, timely farm

operation, better weed control, application of fertilizer and improved soil management. Due to

high cost of organic fertilizers, there is a need to shift into organic fertilizer regardless of its kind.
Objectives of the study

1. To determine the number of leaves produced

2. To determine the germanation of okra per hill
3. To determine the hieght

Significance of the study

This research study will be significant to the following:

Farmers in order for them to know the positive effects of organic manure to the plants, this will

brnifit them espicially to those farmers who plant vegetables, it gives them the idea in producing

healtier plants. Agriculture teachers to give additional information about about organic manure

that could be share to his/her students. Its positive effects to the plants and to the environment.

Agriculture students to give them the idea about the useful effects of manure and its application

in real life situations especially in family. Future researcher to give them basis for thier studies.

Scoope and Limitation

This study focusses on the growth and development of okra. It was conducted last febuary 13,

2019 and it will end march 20, SY 2018-2019. This study to determine the hieght and number of

leaves of okra per hill.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW THE RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Okra or also known as abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moenoh and usually referred to as lady’s

finger, belongs to the malvaceae family (kishor et al. 2016). Okra is proposed to originate from

the tropical Africa from where it extensively spread to asia, america, southern europe and other

country ( Muhammad et al, 2016). When planting an okra, it is very important to have a good

production for consumption and also for marketing purposes. That’s why it is very important to

take care of okra plants. Applying manures to okra could greatly help to its production.

According to the study of (blay etal., 2006), from the university of chana, legon application of

Manure improved the soil physical condition, particularly structure and drainage, enhance the

yield components of okra plants. Mother study from falagwala and yahaya (2016), indicated that

manure positivity influenced the performance and yield of okra. Manure seems to promote

higher growth and production of okra. The effect of manure to the soil are beneficial as well. As

the soil absorbs manure, nutrients are released. This enriches the soil which in turn, helps plants.

The most important benefit of using manure to compacted soil, for instance mixing manure with

Sandy soil helps loosen the soil. Manure produces increase soil carbon, which is an important so

urce of energy that makes nutrients available to plants. Other benefits of manure include reduced

leaching of nitrate in the soil, (tilley, 2018).

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLGY

The study was first done, by having the land preparation. The area was flowed first to ease

cultivation, then the area is measured having the diameter of 1*10 meters a piece of true was use

to mark the area. After that it was cultivated further by the students (researcher) using the

mahock to break huge lumps of soil, and a hand trowel to ease the removal of weeds to further

refine the soil.. A canal was then established using spade to promote water drainage and avoid

water clogging, And it was leveld using a rake. Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) also

known locally as okra was used. The seeds are directly planted in the plot with a mi of animal

manure. Which is done by making a hole and the seeds was sown and covered and watered by

using a sprinkler. The cultivation and maintenance of the crop was done by daily watering the

crop, done in the the morning and afternoon. Cultivation is also done to promote soil aeration,

then there is a weekly weeding to maintain the presence of the weeds.

Tools and Materials

 Lady’s finger(Abelmoschus esculentus) seed

 Spade
 Rake
 Mahock
 Sprinkler
 String or straw
 Measuring tape
 Compost/animal manure
Land Preparation

 Plowing/cultivation using carabao

 Plotting measure the plot dimension
 Manual using spade
 Establishment of canal
 Leveling of plots

Planting

 Hole making
 Mix compost with the soil
 Water the whole before and after planting
 Direct seeding

Cultivation and Weeding

 Weekly cultivation and weeding

 Daily watering the plant (morning and late afternoon)
 Cheking and removing the harmful pest
 CHAPTER 4

Discussion:

In this paper we used variety of okra, firstly we cultivated the land secondly we applied farm

yard manure. And lastly watered it to maintain the moisture of the soil. We planted 178 seeds of

okra in our garden , then we made 89 holes and in each hole we put two okra seeds and after that

we conduct our observations.

General Observation:

After 5 days we observed that the okra seeds begins to sprowt Out of 178 seeds, only 136 of

okraa sprouted , based on our observations okra plant has an average height of 2inch and that

consist of 2-3 leaves. Furthermore out of 89 holes that we made, 83 of them had grown.

Data Gathering:

We planted the okra on febuary 13,2019 and we gather data on march 15,2019, so we gathered

this data 28 days after we plant. Out of 136 of okra plants, we only take 10 samples and we

measured the height and count the number of leaves.

TABLE 1. HEIGHT OF OKRA IN INCHES

Shows the height of plant in inches where in plant 1 is 5 inches, plant 2 is 6 inches, plant 3 is 5

inches, plant 4 is 6 inches, plant 5 is 6 inches, plant 6 is 5 inches, plant 7 is 5 inches, plant 8 is 5

inches, plant 9 is 6 inches, and plant 10 is 5 inches.

PLANT NUMBER HEIGHT OF OKRA PER INCHES

1 5 INCHES
2 6 INCHES
3 5 INCHES
4 6INCHES
5 6 INCHES
6 5 INCHES
7 5 INCHES
8 5 INCHES
9 6 INCHES
10 5 INCHES

TABLE 2.
Shows the number of leaves of okra plant 28 days after planting where in plant 1 has 8 leaves,

plant 2 has 9 leaves, plant 3 has 9 leaves, plant 4 has 8 leaves, plant 5 has 9 leaves, plant 6 has 9

leaves, plant 7 has 8 leaves, plant 8 has 8 leaves, plant 9 has 9 leaves, and plant 10 has 8 leaves.

1 8
2 9
3 9
4 8
5 9
6 9
7 8
8 8
9 9
10 8
 CHAPTER 5

Summary:

In this paper, we realized that applying organic manure good effects in growth and developement

of okra plant. Based on the data we gathered the okra plant’s height and number of leaves fastly

increased within a week.

Conclusion:

The observes conclude that the organic manure such as animal waste and other decomposed of

organism, the growth and mineral absorption of the okra plant. It gives nutrients and menirals to

the plant. In order to grow healthy and produced nutritious food.

Recommendation:

The reseachers may recommend the farmers to use organic manure in planting crops. Organic

grown crops are healthier compare to the crops grown in synthetically made fertilizer. In

addition organic manure can be found easily, because it can be anywhere. Furthermore thy are

biodegradable materials and it has no harmful effect on our environment.