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2002 FACTS Award Call for Nominations

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 Comparing (17) with a similar expression derived from (18) and
(19) we find
Aωx = −diag{1 / M i }CPx .
Now by substituting (20) into (16) we get
w h ( ∆x ) = −w h ( ∆ω ) diag{1 / M i }CPx ( λ h I − A xx ) .
−1
The latter expression can now be used to rewrite equation (14) as
(
∆λ h = c j *u * h )(w h ( ∆x ) )
b x* j ∆S j ( λ h )
= (c u*h
j* )(w h* )
b* j ∆S j ( λ h )
= r h jj∆S j ( λ h ),
2002 Universities Power Engineering
Conference
Call for Papers
Abstract deadline: 1 February 2002
The thirty-seventh Universities Power Engineering Confer-
ence (UPEC) is being organized by the School of Engineering
and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United
Kingdom, and will be held at the University’s Stafford Campus
on 9-11 September 2002. It is cosponsored by IEEE PES and
IEE. Its aim is to provide engineers and academia with the op-
portunity to explore recent developments, current practices,
and future trends in power engineering, and young engineers
and research students are especially invited to contribute. The
conference will be accompanied by a technical exhibition that
will give the opportunity to keep participants up-to-date on re-
cent developments in power engineering. It will again have a
broad theme covering all aspects of power engineering. The
working language is English. Most accepted papers will be
presented in oral sessions.
UPEC 2002 seeks papers in all aspects of power engineering,
including the following topics: power generation, power elec-
tronics, power system protection, transmission and distribu-
tion systems, electrical machines and drives, power systems
simulation and analysis, power utilization, high voltage engi-
neering, power system electronics, power system operation
and control, power transformers, renewable energy sources,
power engineering education, and lightning protection.
Prospective authors are invited to submit abstracts not ex-
ceeding one side of A4 paper. Each abstract must include:
topic number, paper title, author(s), affiliation, and mailing ad-
dress. Abstracts must be submitted by 1 February 2002, noti-
fication of acceptance of papers will be on 18 March 2002, and
receipt of full papers will be by 20 May 2002.
For more information, contact Moofik Al-tai, UPEC 2002 chair,
+44 1785 353366, e-mail m.al-tai@staffs.ac.uk; Dorota
Wiernikowska, UPEC 2002 secretary, +44 1785 353469, fax +44
1785 353552, e-mail d.wiernikowska@staffs.ac.uk, Website
http://www. staffs.ac.uk/upec2002. The mailing address is UPEC
2002, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology,
Staffordshire University, P.O. Box 333, Beaconside, Stafford
ST18 0DF, UK.
60
since, by definition, the residue of the transfer function from input j to
( )( )
output j for mode λ h is given by r h jj = c j *u * h w h * b* j .
(20) Copyright Statement: ISSN 0282-1724/02/$17.00  2002 IEEE.
Manuscript received 5 June 2001; accepted 3 September 2001. This pa-
per is published herein in its entirety.
(21) Distribution System Planning in Focus
Graham W. Ault, Colin E.T. Foote,
James R. McDonald
Author Affiliation: Centre for Electrical Power Engineering
(22)
(CEPE), Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Glas-
gow, U.K.
Keywords: Power distribution, power system planning, electricity
industry restructuring.
Introduction: Our interest in the theory and practicalities of distri-
bution system planning have been aroused by recent discussions with
distribution network operators in the U.K. and by more general work on
the requirements for power system planning methodologies for the
twenty-first century. Specific note is made of distributed generation,
which presents substantial challenges for distribution system planners
and has been the focus for a study of the changing needs of distribution
planning.
Traditionally three distinct areas of distribution system planning
were identified and developed accordingly [1]. Figure 1 illustrates the
general distribution planning process.
Reviews of the models and techniques available for distribution
planning has shown the diversity of the techniques that have been de-
veloped in the last three decades of the twentieth century [2],[3]. Many
of the contributions to distribution planning techniques are now more
than a decade old.
The planning techniques that are used in practice is quite a separate
matter from the techniques that have been developed as part of academic
and industrial research. From recent discussions with several of the dis-
tribution network operator (DNO) companies in the U.K. it is evident
that relatively little use is made of sophisticated planning techniques.
Load forecasting tends to be based on extrapolation from load databases
with additional specific known loads included in the forecast as connec-
tion requests are received by the distribution utility. The engineering load
forecast is often compared with a commercial forecast based on eco-
nomic parameters. Traditional network analysis tools support an expert
planner who derives a small number of possible solution alternatives by
drawing on documented and tacit knowledge of previous problems and
solutions. The planning process is conducted heuristically with several
revising iterations taking place for each program of work as the plans are
passed from engineering to commercial to financial to regulatory teams
within the distribution utility. In summary, the practice of distribution
planning seems to be considerably different from what might be assumed
from a review of the available tools and techniques.
The heuristics of the planning process within modern distribution
organizations can be described as follows. All the possible problems
and issues relating to an area of the distribution network are compiled
and marked on a map. The problems and uncertainties are grouped to-
gether in various combinations and solutions proposed to tackle each
group of problems. By expert judgment and some empirical cost-bene-
fit-type calculations, a solution is chosen that awaits implementation or
further revision due to a change in circumstances.
As a result of these findings, two questions could be posed:
l Why have the sophisticated techniques for distribution planning
developed at academic and industrial research centers not found
greater use in distribution utility planning departments?
l Why has distribution system planning research descended both in
profile and apparent level of activity?
One good answer to the first question, suggested by the summary of
discussions with distribution planners in the U.K., is that distribution
planning is inherently a heuristic case and experience-based process.
Alternatively, as with most fields, there is simply a time lag between re-
0272-1724/02/$17.00©2002 IEEE IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2002
search result and application in industry. Maybe the problems faced by
distribution planners have changed before the research is put into prac-
tice thus rendering the most sophisticated techniques obsolete before
they are used.
This final point might indicate an answer to the second question: the
distribution planning problems have changed and no longer appear un-
der the banner of distribution system planning. The regulatory and
commercial pressures faced by distribution companies force a greater
proportion of distribution investment into specific short-term focused
programs such as reliability enhancement schemes and new connec-
tions for immediate load uptake. These investments are made under a
regime of ever-tightening investment budgets allowed by regulators.
Hence the focus of research is on asset management, which relies on
studies of asset databases and numerical/statistical models of custom-
ers and assets. The allowed capital investment budget is allocated to
projects where the likelihood of a favorable system performance is
maximized (leading to better revenues or higher profits within the regu- Figure 1. Classical approach to distribution system planning
latory controls). Some authors have addressed some of the new require-
ments for distribution system planning in recent papers—particularly
those relating to distributed generation.
Deficiencies with Traditional Approaches to Distribution Sys-
tem Planning: Traditional power system planning techniques have a
number of serious deficiencies. Planners are now addressing the defi-
ciencies to some extent. Berrie [4] notes that in the late 1980s, a number
of “serious defects in the traditional methods of planning” were identi-
fied. The following list focuses on the planning deficiencies of greatest
relevance to distribution system planning:
l Inaccuracies in load forecasting, cost, construction time, and
plant availability leading to over- and under- planting;
l Pricing developed from least cost plans failing to give appropriate
economic signals;
l Suboptimal generation plant mixes (especially in deregulated
distributed generation);
l Failure to cope with sudden changes in the direction of the energy
industry;
l Separation of long-term planning activities from ownership and
accountability for system operation [note: present regulatory
mechanisms exacerbate this problem];
l Cogeneration and self-generation not owned by the host distribu-
tion utility;
l Least cost plans rarely resulting in least cost system operation
and investment; Figure 2. Desired planning methodology characteristics in relevant groupings
l Consumer reaction being excluded from the planning process;
l Limited crossover with other energy sector planning activities;
l Lack of importance granted to external influences (externalities)
l Loss of faith by decision makers in computer-based planning
on and from the electricity industry. The lack of incorporation of
software; consumer and environmental issues in the planning process are
l Inability of planning techniques to deal with uncertainty despite
examples of issues not wholly addressed by traditional planning
elaborate sensitivity analysis and risk analysis features; methods, which may result in further deviation from a true
l Failure to take account of, make use of, and analyze the role of the
least-cost plan. Plans may be least cost in strict financial terms for
independent private enterprises in electricity supply. the utility company concerned but may be far from least costs in
The deficiencies with traditional techniques stem form a number of the wider economic sense.
core areas, which are implied in the list of deficiencies noted above and l Inability to deal with independent private investments in power
can be summarized as follows: generation and distribution. Distributed generation and private dis-
l Attempting to generate a single optimal least-cost plan for what is
tribution networks interconnected with franchise utility networks
essentially an uncertain future. The uncertainties appear as inac- are becoming more critical to distribution system planning effec-
curacies in forecast data or failures to appreciate a substantial tiveness. This is one of the key areas of concern among the group
change in direction of the industry or society as a whole. The in- of U.K. distribution network operators contacted in this research.
ability to deal with a highly uncertain future leads to poor deci- The changes in the structure of the electricity supply industry have
sions and suboptimal developments to the power system. created a more dynamic sector with a range of new opportunities. As
Suboptimal plans take many forms but essentially arise from poor distributed generation undergoes significant growth, many opportuni-
allocation of resources through either under- or over-investing, ties for technology development and application are arising. The list of
poor timing of investments, or investments in the wrong technol- perceived shortcomings in planning methodology presents an area
ogy or in the wring location. where opportunity for innovation exists in abundance. The challenge is
l Inability to deal adequately with restructuring of the electricity
to create planning techniques that can handle the many changes and op-
supply industry. The electricity supply industry has undergone portunities arising in restructured electricity markets.
and continues to undergo substantial changes in structure and Desired Features of Modern Planning Methodologies: Many
ownership. With responsibilities changing and private investors contributors in the field of power system planning have outlined desir-
keen to exploit new opportunities, the role of the central planner able features of power system planning techniques; a full list could not
has diminished (or even disappeared).

IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2002 61

be provided in this letter. In the consideration of a new strategic analy-
sis framework [5], it was regarded as of crucial importance to assess
and then build on all aspects of planning best practice. While the focus
of this section remains on distribution planning, the generalities for
power system planning and other planning fields will become evident.
It should be noted that the use of computer technology for power
system planning activities has been assumed throughout this article.
The complexity and magnitude of power system planning activities are
not just aided by modern information technology but are dependent on
high specification hardware and software.
It has been argued that restructuring of the electricity supply indus-
try, with the accompanying set of drivers for distribution companies
along with increasing levels of uncertainty faced by utility companies,
have raised requirements for new planning methodologies. Based on
the previous discussions of planning techniques and their characteris-
tics it is proposed that future planning techniques should (references
provided for further information):
l Deal with multiple criteria;
l Enable consideration of multiple and diverse solutions;
l Provide whole system solutions;
l Be modular in terms of access to analytical components;
l Provide means of integrating analytical modules and interfacing
with other applications;
l Be automated and interactive as appropriate;
l Enhance planner productivity;
l Be decision focused and use appropriate graphical and mathe-
matical decision techniques;
l Provide robustness to limited planning resources;
l Provide insight to the planning problem and solutions;
l Make appropriate use of simulation/optimization as appropriate;
l Deal with uncertainty;
l Deal explicitly in terms of risk;
l Provide leverage to future activities;
l Use appropriate time scales and planning horizons;
l Provide bulk data handling facilities;
l Provide abdicable planning records;
l Enable data and model reuse;
l Enable reuse of solutions;
l Facilitate reuse of planning rationale.
While many of these features are already common in present distri-
bution planning tools and practices there is still great scope for develop-
ment of distribution planning methodologies based on the application
of these “best practice” characteristics.
Recent research by the authors has focused on analyzing the power
planning process to draw out the key characteristics of good planning
methodologies. The objectives of this analysis are to map out the re-
quirements for distribution system planning in the twenty-first century.
One result of the analysis is a set of groupings (Figure 2) for desired
planning methodology characteristics.
Conclusions: The findings of recent research in distribution system
planning methodologies indicate:
l Discontinuity between the theory and practice of distribution sys-
tem planning;
l Set of new requirements for distribution system planning in the
light of electricity industry restructuring and other developments
in the industry and technology;
l Lack of topical research in general distribution system planning
methodologies focused on live utility requirements;
l Several immediate challenges for researchers and developers in
distribution planning methodology.
Some of the challenges in distribution system planning for the fu-
ture have been noted in this letter and several more are added to the list
below. The future challenges for distribution system planning include:
l Further development of techniques based on heuristics, cases,
and tacit knowledge;
l Incorporation of the multiple drivers in present-day electricity
distribution planning (e.g., reliability, distributed generation,
load, and condition);
l Integration of planning techniques with other energy or utility
service planning;
62
l Incorporation of best practice in planning methodology (as out-
lined in the previous section);
l Consideration of customer needs in an environment of changing
customer base under restructuring.
It is acknowledged that the arguments outlined in this letter
could require further clarification and the authors invite comments
on this topic.
References:
[1] H.L. Willis, J.E.D. Northcote-Green, and H. N. Tram, “Comput-
erized distribution planning—Data needs and results with incomplete
data,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. PWRD-2, pp. 1228-1235,
1987.
[2] T. Gonen and I.J. Ramirez-Rosado, “Review of distribution sys-
tem planning models: A model for optimal multistage planning,” IEE
Proc. C, vol. 133, no. 7, pp. 397-408, 1986.
[3] S.K. Khator and L.C. Leung, “Power distribution planning: A re-
view of models and issues,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 12, pp.
1151-1159, 1997.
2002 Walter Fee Outstanding
Young Engineer Award
Nomination Deadline: 22 February 2002
The Walter Fee Outstanding Young Engineer Award was
established to recognize engineers 35 years of age or under
“for outstanding contributions in the leadership of technical
society activities including local and/or transactional PES
and other technical societies, leadership in community and
humanitarian activities, and evidence of technical compe-
tence through significant engineering achievements.” The
2001 recipient was Michael R. Ingram (TVA).
The award, administered by the PES Awards and Recog-
nition Committee, is presented annually at the IEEE PES
Summer Meeting. Recipients receive a plaque, up to $500
for travel to attend the IEEE PES Summer Meeting, and
have the privilege of designating a college or university to
receive a $5,000 scholarship for an electrical engineering
undergraduate.
To be eligible for the award, an individual must be 35
years or age or under on 1 January 2002, have been a
member of PES for at least one year, and as a minimum
have a B.S. in electrical engineering from an accredited
electrical engineering program or equivalent. Nominations
can be made by any PES member with the endorsement by
the chapter or technical committee of which the individual
is a member.
Factors to be considered for selection include: lo-
cal/transnational PES activities and leadership, profes-
sional society activities, evidence of technical competence
and achievement, community and humanitarian activities,
educational achievements, and professional registration.
Nomination forms are available by following the awards
link from the PES homepage at http://www.ieee.org/orga-
nizations/society/power/ (under the About IEEE PES link).
Applications should be sent to Thomas J. Overbye, chair of
the Walter Fee Outstanding Young Engineer Award Com-
mittee, Department of Electrical and Computer Engi-
neering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406
W. Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, +1 217 333 4463, fax
+1 217 333 4463, e-mail overbye@ece.uiuc.edu.
IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2002
 [4] T.W. Berrie, Electricity Economics and Planning, 1st ed. Lon- l Supply voltage: represented by sources v , v , and v .
sa sb sc
don: Peregrinus, 1992. The DVR is connected between a terminal bus on the left and a load
[5] G.W. Ault, A. Cruden, and J.R. McDonald, “Specification and bus on the right. The voltage sources are connected to the DVR termi-
testing of a comprehensive strategic analysis framework for distributed nals by a feeder with an impedance R + jX . We shall assume that the
generation,” in Proc. IEEE PES Summer Meeting 2000, 2000. loads are balanced and the load impedance is given by Zl = Rl + jX l .
Copyright Statement: ISSN 0282-1724/02/$17.00  2002 IEEE. The incoming bus of the DVR is referred to as the terminal bus while
Manuscript received 27 June 2001; accepted 3 September 2001. This the outgoing bus is referred to as the load bus with their respective
paper is published herein in its entirety. quantities being denoted by subscripts t and l, respectively.
It is convenient that the DVR reference voltages are generated based
on the measurement of the local variables only. In addition, we stipulate
A New Algorithm for the Generation of that the DVR does not supply (or consume) any real power in the steady
Reference Voltages of a DVR Using the Method state. Since the desired load voltages are balanced sinusoids and the
of Instantaneous Symmetrical Components load is balanced, the instantaneous load power is constant and this must
be equal to the average power entering the DVR terminal bus. Thus
from (3) we get
Arindam Ghosh, Avinash Joshi
Author Affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian pl = 2 Re(vla 1i *sa 1 ) = 2 vla 1 i sa 1 cos(θ vla 1 − θ isa 1 ) = ptav (4)
Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
Abstract: This letter presents a new method for the generation of
reference voltage for a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). These volt-
ages, when injected in series with a distribution feeder by a voltage
source inverter, can tightly regulate the voltage at the load terminal
against imbalance or harmonics in the source side. It is stipulated that
the DVR does not supply any real power in the steady state. The refer-
ence voltage generation scheme is validated through digital computer
simulation studies.
Keywords: Dynamic voltage restorer, series compensation.
Introduction: A power electronic converter-based series compen-
sator that can protect critical loads from supply side voltage distur-
bances other than outages is called a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). It
injects a set of three-phase ac output voltages in series with the distribu-
tion feeder voltages. The amplitude and phase angle of the injected
voltages are variable, thereby allowing control of the real and reactive
power exchange between the DVR and the distribution system. This
letter extends the concept of dynamic voltage restoration further to dis-
cuss a DVR that can tightly regulate the load voltage without any real
power consumption in the steady state. It can also perform the primary Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a DVR connected power system
functions of the restorer—i.e., to protect the load from temporary volt-
age interruption, sag/swell, etc. In particular, the reference voltage gen-
eration scheme for the DVR is discussed. These voltages, when
injected in series with the system via an inverter, perform the desired
task of voltage regulation. The voltage generation scheme is validated
through extensive simulation studies.
Expression for Real Power in Terms of Instantaneous Symmet-
rical Components: In this section we define the real power in terms of
instantaneous symmetrical components. These components are defined
for three instantaneous currents ia , ib , and ic as [1]

ia 0  1 1 1 ia 
ia 012 = ia 1  =
1 
1 a a 2 ib 
  3  
ia 2  1 a a ic 
2
(1)

where a = e j 120 ° and zero, positive, and negative sequence currents are
denoted by subscripts 0, 1, and 2, respectively. It is to be noted that ia 0 is
zero for balanced currents and the phasor ia 2 is the complex conjugate of
the phasoria 1 . A similar transformation can also be defined for voltages.
The instantaneous power in a three-phase system is defined as

p = va ia + vb ib + vcic . (2)

Substituting the inverse transform from (1) into (2) we get

p = va 0ia 0 + va 1ia 2 + va 2ia 1 = va 0ia 0 + va 1ia* 1 + va* 1ia 1 = va 0ia 0 + 2 Re(va 1ia* 1 ).
(3)

Reference Voltage Generation for DVR: The proposed voltage

regulation scheme is shown in Figure 1. This consists of the following: Figure 2. Phasor diagram of DVR compensation with (a) lagging load and (b)
l DVR: represented by voltage sources v , v , and v ;
fa fb fc resistive load

IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2002 0272-1724/02/$17.00©2002 IEEE 63

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