TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVE

3 APPARATUS

4 PROCEDURE

5 RESULT

6 DISCUSSION

7 CONCLUSION

8 APPENDIX

9 REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
The pipeline location survey is carried out to locate the existing pipeline and other utilities
buried underground. There are 3 methods that are widely used in pipeline location survey:

 Electromagnetic method
 Acoustic (sound wave) method
 Radio wave reflection (rader) method

Electromagnetic method uses the principle of electrical currents to detect the location of
pipeline. This method of locating buried pipes, cables and sewers has become almost
universal. Its main shortcoming is that it will not locate non-metallic lines such as plastic
pipes. However, utilities taking the small amount of trouble to lay tracer wires with plastic
pipes are not affected by this shortcoming. The technology has a large number of advantages
and Radio detection specialises in developing and exploiting electromagnetic location
technology.

Therefore, electromagnetic location combines many advantages and facilities for obtaining
information from underground that are not available from any other technique or combination
of techniques. The advantages are:

 It can search an area from the surface to locate buried lines.

 It can trace and identify a target line.

 It can trace and identify sewers or other non-metallic ducts or pipes to which there is
access; it can locate blockages and collapses.

 It can measure depth from the surface. l It can monitor the progress of ‘No Dig’ tools
and instruments.

 The technology can be used to provide data to steer equipment or tools both above
ground and below ground, or on the sea bed.

 It can find some types of cable fault, monitor pipeline coating condition and locate
water leaks in plastic pipes.

 It can pinpoint the position of joints in iron gas pipes.

 The equipment is portable.

 The equipment is easily handled and is successfully used by workers.

 The technique works in all soil conditions; even underwater.

 The component parts of the technology are low cost. Sufficiently low cost to be
purchased by small contractors or issued on a large scale by regional or national
organisations.

 The technology exists today

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is:

  To understand the principle of electromagnetic method in pipeline survey.
 To identify the location and direction of pipeline buried underground.

RESULT

The pipes used in our location are galvanized iron pipes, therefore below was our data/result
as numerical value in 3 places include the distance 100 meter.
 SMALL PIPE
Distance Depth (m) Numerical Value
(m) Right Middle Left
20 0.47 39 87 41
40 0.94 45 90 43
60 0.87 48 80 48
80 0.76 35 91 50

100 0.90 48 95 45

LARGE PIPE
Distance Depth (m) Numerical Value
(m) Right Middle Left
20 0.80 35 70 37
40 0.95 30 59 25
60 0.73 30 39 21
80 0.71 35 40 39

100 0.40 27 52 39

Graf Distance Vs Depth in Large Pipe and Small Pipe

DISCUSSION
Based on the data above shows that each pipe planted in the soil has different depths and
different numerical values. It can be seen in terms of the pipe itself. If the receiver receives a
strong signal from the transmitter, this indicates that the pipe is in the correct position. For
example, we give different readings for 2 pipes of small and large pipes. This can be proven
through data and graphs. When we move the receiver left or right, the numerical value is
different from the middle. Besides, we can prove far more distance the receiver with the
transmitter so the depth of the pipe is getting different. This is because, it affects the factors
surrounding whether the high ground is in that area.

As example, the numerical value was 87 for the distance 20 meter , therefore numerical value
between right and left was not same with the middle . It is for the small pipe so the numerical
value at middle for large pipe its totally different with small pipe. The numerical value for
large pipe at middle was 70, it end up the different of the depth each pipe. As we can see, at
data depth for small pipe or large size totally huge different depth. If the large pipe, the pipe
was so depth than small pipe. It is because factor of environmental , either high ground. So
that, we can collect the data in between depth of the 2 pipes.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can see electromagnetic method is the best way to search the papers under
land. Every objective has been made by data, this can be provided through experimental
equipment included. Every numerical value less than 100, is a potential lower in the right
potential. Besides, it is because the transmitter is far away from the receiver then it can detect
the nearest pipe more accurately. This is accepted through electromagnetic method. This
disclaimer, this test great experience in any new development has been build in the future.
Other than, it is the only looking for the water pipe circumstances about the elevator cable to
be land. Everyone also have its successful.
REFERENCE

1. https://www.radiodetection.com/sites/default/files/Theory-buried-%20cable-pipe-
location

2. http://pejuta.com.my/wpcontent/uploads/2015/07/The%20Principles%20of%20Pipe
%20%26%20Cable%20Locating

3. https://www.undergroundsurveying.com/technology/utility-locating-technology/cable-
pipe-locator-technology

4. https://community.fs.com/blog/underground-cable-locator.html