Fundamentals of Psychrometrics SI, 2nd Ed PDF

Fundamentals of
Psychrometrics
Second Edition
Don Brandt
SI
International System
A Course Book for

Self-Directed or Group Learning
Includes Skill Development Exercises

for PDH, CEU, or LU Credits
SDL_cover_SI.indd 1 8/9/2016 9:04:17 AM

Fundamentals of
Psychrometrics
Second Edition
Don Brandt
A Course Book for Self-Directed or Group Learning
Atlanta
Fundamentals of Psychrometrics (SI), Second Edition
A Course Book for Self-Directed or Group Learning
ISBN 978-1-939200-32-7 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-939200-33-4 (PDF)
SDL Number: 00327
© 2008, 2016 ASHRAE

All rights reserved.
ASHRAE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, owned by the American Society of Heat-
ing, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who
may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this publica-
tion be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any means—electronic, photocopying,
recording, or other—without permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted at
www.ashrae.org/permissions.
ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims
any duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design or the like that may be described herein. The
appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or
guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design or the like. ASHRAE does not warrant that the
information in this publication is free of errors. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed
by the user.
ASHRAE STAFF
ASHRAE Learning Institute Special Publications Publisher
Karen Murray Mark Owen W. Stephen Comstock
Manager of Professional Editor/Group Manager of
Development Handbook and Special Publications
Martin Kraft Cindy Sheffield Michaels
Managing Editor of Professional Managing Editor
Development Sarah Boyle
Kelly Arnold Assistant Editor
Administrative Assistant Lauren Ramsdell
Assistant Editor
Michshell Phillips
Editorial Coordinator
For course information or to order additional materials, please contact:
ASHRAE Learning Institute Telephone: 404/636-8400

1791 Tullie Circle, NE Fax: 404/321-5478
Atlanta, GA 30329 Web: www.ashrae.org/ali
E-mail: edu@ashrae.org
Errors or omissions in the data should be brought to the attention of Special Publications via SDLcorrections@ashrae.org.
Updates and errata for this publication will be posted on the

ASHRAE website at www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE • Atlanta, GA 30329-2305 • Phone: 678.539.1146 • Fax 678.539.2146 • www.ashrae.org
Karen M. Murray kmurray@ashrae.org

Manager of Professional Development
Dear Student,
Welcome to this ASHRAE Learning Institute (ALI) self-directed or group learning course. We look forward
to working with you to help you achieve maximum results from this course.
You may take this course on a self-testing basis (no continuing education credits awarded) or on an ALI-
monitored basis with credits (PDHs, CEUs or LUs) awarded. ALI staff will provide support and you will
have access to technical experts who can answer inquiries about the course material. For questions or tech-
nical assistance, contact us at 404-636-8400 or edu@ashrae.org.
Skill Development Exercises at the end of each chapter will gauge your comprehension of the course mate-
rial. If you take this course for credit via the ALI online-monitoring system, please complete the exercises
in the workbook then submit your answers at www.ashrae.org/sdlonline.
To log in, please enter your student ID number and the course number. Your student ID number can be the
last five digits of your Social Security number or another unique five-digit number you create when first
registering online. The course number is located near the top of the copyright page of this book.
Please keep copies of your completed Skill Development Exercises for your records. When you finish all
exercises, you will receive a link to submit a course evaluation. Once the evaluation is completed, you will
be sent a Certificate of Completion indicating 20 PDHs/LUs or 2.0 CEUs of continuing education credit.
The ALI does not award partial credit for self-directed or group learning courses. All exercises must be
completed to receive full continuing education credit. You will have two years from the date of purchase to
complete each course.
We hope your educational experience is satisfying and successful.
Sincerely,
Karen M. Murray
Manager of Professional Development
Continuing Education Opportunities
from the ASHRAE Learning Institute
Self-Directed or Group Learning
ASHRAE offers texts for self-study or group training with instructor materials. Texts cover
the basics of what practicing engineer needs, and skill development exercises are included to eval-
uate progress. ASHRAE offers the following course books:
Fundamentals of Air System Design Fundamentals of Psychrometrics
Fundamentals of Building Operation, Mainte- Fundamentals of Refrigeration
nance, and Management Fundamentals of Steam System Design
Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Loads Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Fundamentals of Heating Systems Fundamentals of Water System Design
Each course book includes the following:

• Clear and concise discussion of the technical topic covered
• Examples that show how to apply the lesson’s principles
• Skill development exercises that test students’ ability to apply the newly acquired knowledge
and answer sheets to assess progress in learning the material
Those who complete a course receive a certificate designating continuing education (CE)
credits. Note that individuals are responsible for contacting their relevant governing body to deter-
mine whether an activity qualifies for that body's continuing education credits.
ASHRAE eLearning
ASHRAE is a continuing education provider of the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
and the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), a third-party certification administrator of
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). Continuing Education (CE) hours earned from ASHRAE
courses may be applied toward maintenance of state-licensed professionals (Architects and Pro-
fessional Engineers) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design® (LEED®) Green
Building Rating System credentials.
ASHRAE offers over 130 eLearning courses focusing on specific topics and 18 course pack-
ages that cover a topical area and include several related courses. ASHRAE offers the following
course packages:
AC Design Electrical System Design
HVAC Systems Standard 62.1
HVAC Control Systems Standard 90.1
DDC Controls Standard 90.1 for Architects
Small Office Buildings Standard 189.1 for High-Performance
Small Retail Buildings Green Buildings
Sustainable Buildings Data Center Equipment Load Trends
AC and Refrigeration Principles and Planning
AC and Refrigeration Equipment Data Center Thermal Guidelines
Fundamentals: Electricity Data Center Liquid Cooling
Don Brandt is an ASHRAE member from Phoenix, Arizona, who
spent 39 years (4 of them part time) with Trane Co., mostly as a Com-
mercial Sales Engineer and Sales Manager. He was involved in thou-
sands of projects over that time period, including many with large
industrial customers that had special HVAC and process applications.
Brandt also taught the Trane A/C Clinic series many times to young
engineers starting out in the industry.
Brandt has also been active in ASHRAE at all three levels of orga-
nization—Chapter, Regional, and Society—during this same period.
He is a charter member and past president of the Anthracite Chapter in
Northeast Pennsylvania. He was the Technical, Energy and Govern-
ment Activities Committee (TEGA) Regional Vice Chair for Region X,
the TEGA Vice Chair and Chair in 2002, Region X Director and
Regional Chair from 2002–2005, on the Board of Directors from 2002–
2005, and a member of Standards Committee from 2005–2009 as a
Standards Project Liaison Subcommittee (SPLS) Liaison. In 2001 he
became a member of Professional Development Committee, moving up
to Chair in 2013. He is currently a member of the Energy Targets Mul-
tidisciplinary Task Group, a Nominating Member for Region X, and
Member of the Appeals Board for Standards.
Brandt is a 1974 graduate of Penn State with a BS in Electrical
Engineering and an active member of the Alumni Association. In retire-
ment, he is an instructor for the successful ASHRAE HVAC Essentials
Course, both Levels 1 and 2, that is held both in the United States and
internationally. He also teaches a portion of the Association of Energy
Engineers (AEE), Arizona Chapter, Certified Energy Manager (CEM)
preparation class held on an annual basis.
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychrometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Air Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Volumetric Airflow versus Mass Flow Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2: Properties of Moist Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Specific Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Using Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Terminology and Symbols for Psychrometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3: Introducing the Psychrometric Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Modern Age of Psychrometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Creating the Psychrometric Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Finding Seven Psychrometric Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Climatic Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Psychrometric Chart for Extended Temperature and Altitude . . . . . 17
Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 4: Air-Conditioning Processes
on the Psychrometric Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Power of the Psychrometric Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Sensible Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Sensible Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Latent Heat Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Latent Heat Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Total Heat Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Cooling and Humidifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Heating and Humidifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Dehumidification and Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
viii Contents
Chapter 5: HVAC Design and the Psychrometric Chart. . . . . . . . . . 35

Schematic of an Air-Conditioning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Mixing Airstreams—Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Mixing Airstreams—Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Sensible Heat Ratio—Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Sensible Heat Ratio—Cooling with Outdoor Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Psychrometric Process—Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Chapter 6: Psychrometrics in HVAC Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
The Air-Handling Unit:
Heart of the Commercial Air-Conditioning System. . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Psychrometrics of a Cooling Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Psychrometrics of Fan Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Psychrometrics of a Heating Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Humidification Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 7: Psychrometrics in Zoned HVAC Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Constant-Volume and Variable-Air-Volume Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System with Reheat. . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System
with Face and Bypass Dampers on the Cooling Coil. . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Constant-Volume System with Terminal Reheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Constant-Volume Multizone and Dual-Duct Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Variable-Air-Volume Systems for Multiple Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Variable-Air-Volume Systems with Heating VAV Boxes. . . . . . . . . . 66
Chapter 8: Energy Conservation and Psychrometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Heat Recovery Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Energy Recovery Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Air-Side Economizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Water-Side Economizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Supply Air Temperature Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chapter 9: Special Applications and Psychrometric Considerations . . . 87
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Cooling Towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Indoor Swimming Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Cleanrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Fundamentals of Psychrometrics (SI), Second Edition ix
Direct Evaporative Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Indirect Evaporative Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Appendix A: Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air . . . . . . . . . . 101
Appendix B: Dimensions, Units, and Unit Conversion Factors . . . . 105
Appendix C: Climatic Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Appendix D: Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation . . 137
Skill Development Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Preface
Psychrometrics is a tool HVAC designers use to determine the

amount of moisture in the air and to provide solutions to designers for
the ultimate comfort of building occupants. It can be used to size air-
handling units; optimize energy performance; identify control sensors
for building automation; describe the performance of cooling coils,
cooling towers, and humidification equipment; and evaluate heat recov-
ery strategies.
Yet the use of psychrometrics and the psychrometric chart is differ-
ent from designer to designer. Some do not use the psychrometric chart,
relying instead on simplified formulas or complex computer simula-
tions. Others use the chart only for special situations, such as indoor
swimming pool applications. And some use it as their primary system
evaluation tool.
This course is meant to cover all of these uses of the psychrometric
chart, to have something for all these different backgrounds, and to be
an introduction for the young designer who has yet to pick an approach.
The course addresses the use of psychrometrics and the psychrometric
chart for typical applications and systems and includes some theory.
This theory not only sets the basics but also gives students an apprecia-
tion of the simplification that the psychrometric chart provides. The
psychrometric chart gives a visual description of HVAC design, one
that could never be appreciated from formulas alone.
This second edition of the psychrometrics self-directed learning
(SDL) course was rewritten in an attempt to teach the fundamentals of
psychrometrics in about half the time as the previous version. The
author has used his 42 years of experience in the HVAC industry as the
expertise for the format and content.
Acknowledgments
I need to acknowledge a few folks who helped me out on this first

publishing adventure of my life. My wife JoAnn was the person who
put my scribble into a nice Word document. John Duren, Sales Engi-
neer for MPSW in Phoenix, did various equipment selections that are
used in the course. Mick Schwedler and John Murphy from Trane
Applications Engineering Department in La Crosse, Wisconsin, were
there when I need some technical help and review. And I would like to
thank ASHRAE staff for their understanding and help to make this a
finished publication.
Introduction to
Psychrometrics
Study Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to
K understand the basic processes of psychrometrics,

K understand enthalpy and volumetric airflow, and
K understand the basic formulas of HVAC design.
Instructions
Read the material in Chapter 1. At the end of the chapter, complete the skill
development exercises without referring to the text.
Introduction
Psychrometrics is an analysis tool that HVAC engineers use to provide
solutions to comfort issues. These issues can be related to human comfort or
process comfort depending on the applications.
If the air surrounding us were totally dry, our job as HVAC engineers
would be very easy and probably boring. But, because all air we work with
contains some amount of moisture in the form of water vapor, our jobs get
more complex.
The four basic processes that an HVAC system can perform on moist air
are as follows:
• Cooling—Lowering the air temperature

• Heating—Raising the air temperature
• Humidification—Raising the moisture content in the air
• Dehumidification—Lowering the moisture content in the air
Note that HVAC processes can also be a combination of the above four
basic actions. These combinations include the following:
• Heating and humidification—Increasing the temperature and moisture con-

tent of the air at the same time
2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychrometrics
• Heating and dehumidification—Increasing the temperature and decreasing

the moisture content of the air at the same time
• Cooling and humidification—Decreasing the temperature and increasing
the moisture content of the air at the same time
• Cooling and dehumidification—Decreasing the temperature and moisture
content of the air at the same time
These combination processes provide an infinite number of potential

actions. For example, consider the cooling and dehumidification combination
process. We have a solution that drops the temperature 12 degrees and only
drops the dew point (defined later) 1 degree Another solution drops the tem-
perature 5 degrees and the dew point 5 degrees. So, there are thousands of solu-
tions with too many temperature and dew-point combinations to list.
Enthalpy
We will use the property of the enthalpy of air throughout this course.
Enthalpy is the sum of the internal energy or the total heat content of the air. In
other words, warm and humid air can have the same heat content as hot and dry
air. So the energy required to cool warm/humid air in the Gulf Region of North
America might be close to the energy required to cool hot/dry air in the South-
west deserts. Enthalpy h is subdivided into the following:
• hda = enthalpy of dry air at 0% relative humidity

• hs = enthalpy of saturated air or 100% relative humidity
• has = enthalpy differences between hda and hs
Air Density
Elevation has an effect on psychrometric analyses. As elevation changes, so
does the air density. This means the constants used in equations will change
and different psychrometric charts (Chapter 3) are required for proper calcula-
tion.
For this course we will use sea level as atmospheric pressure for all calcula-
tions unless otherwise noted.
Volumetric Airflow versus Mass Flow Calculations

For easier understanding, we will use volumetric airflow in cubic meters
per second (m3/s) rather than mass flow for our calculations throughout this
course.
Standard air is defined as air at sea level or 101.325 kPa of barometric pres-
sure and 20.8°C tdb. The density of air at sea level is 1.20 kg/m3.
The three equations we will use in our calculations are for sensible heat
(qs), the total heat required (qt), and latent heat (ql):
Fundamentals of Psychrometrics (SI), Second Edition 3
qs (W) = 1210 × airflow in m3/s × (t1 – t2) in °C (1-1)
where the constant 1210 is derived from the following:
1.20 kg/m3 × 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) × 1000 J/kJ = 1210 J/(m3·K)

where 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) is the specific heat of air.
qt (kW) = 1.20 kg/m3 × airflow in m3/s × (h1 – h2) in kJ/kg (1-2)
ql (kW) = 3010 × airflow in m3/s × (w1 – w2) in kg/kg of dry air (1-3)
where the constant 3010 W is derived from the following:
2500 kJ/kg × 1.2 kg/m3 × 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) = 3010 W

where 2500 kJ/kg is the latent heat of water vapor and 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) is the
specific heat of air.
4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychrometrics
Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 1

Complete these questions by writing your answers on the worksheets at the back of this book.
1-1 How many basic processes of air conditioning can be performed on moist air?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
1-2 Which combination process will increase both the temperature and the mois-
ture content?
a) Cooling and dehumidification
b) Heating and dehumidification
c) Heating and humidification
1-3 Enthalpy is the total heat content of the air.
a) True
b) False
1-4 Change in elevation has no effect on the air density.
a) True
b) False
Properties of
Moist Air
Study Objectives
K define some fundamental properties used in psychrometrics and

K understand how to use Appendix A.
Instructions
Introduction
This chapter defines the properties that an HVAC engineer uses to do psy-
chrometric analysis. The properties are temperature, humidity, enthalpy, and
specific volume.
Temperature
The temperatures we are concerned about in HVAC systems are the follow-
ing:
• Dry-bulb temperature: The measure of the surrounding air temperature

with a standard thermometer in degrees Celsius (°C) without influence on
the thermometer by heat sources or solar heat gain.
• Wet-bulb temperature: The measure of the moist effect on the evapora-
tion process in the air. Using a standard dry-bulb thermometer, place a cot-
ton sock on the sensing portion. Next, soak the sock in ambient-
temperature water and, by rotation, move surrounding air across the sock.
The temperature will drop below ambient because of the evaporative or
cooling effect on the sensing bulb. It will continue to drop until most of the
water is evaporated into the surrounding air. This is the wet-bulb tempera-
ture and may also be called wet-bulb depression. Any further drying of the
sock will result in the temperature going back up to the ambient dry-bulb
temperature.
6 Chapter 2 Properties of Moist Air
• Dew-point temperature: The measure of the dry-bulb temperature at the

point where water vapor starts to condense to liquid or be removed from
the air. This is also referred to as the condensation point, because it is the
temperature at which the water turns to liquid from vapor in the airstream.
• Saturation temperature: The temperature at which the air cannot hold
any additional water vapor. At the saturation temperature, the dry-bulb,
wet-bulb, and dew-point temperatures are identical.
Humidity
Humidity is the moisture in the air. We can talk about it in two ways:
• Humidity ratio: The mass in grams of water vapor per kilogram of dry air
(gw /kgda).
• Relative humidity: The actual amount of moisture in the air at a given dry-
bulb temperature versus the maximum amount of moisture in the air at the
same dry-bulb temperature. It is expressed in percentage because it is a par-
tial moisture/maximum moisture ratio. At constant moisture content, as
soon as the dry-bulb temperature changes, so does the relative humidity.
Enthalpy
The energy content of air is defined as the enthalpy of the air or the total
heat content of the air. It is expressed in kilojoules (kJ) per kilogram of dry air
(kJ/kgda). Again, warm/humid air can have the same enthalpy as hot/dry air, so
it takes the same amount of energy to cool either airstream to a comfortable
condition.
Specific Volume
Specific volume is the cubic metres per kilogram of dry air (m3/kgda). It is
the inverse of air density (kg/m3).
Note that specific volume changes as the dry-bulb temperature changes, but
not nearly as much as it changes with the effect of higher altitude.
Using Appendix A
The table in Appendix A lists thermodynamic properties of moist air at
101.325 kPa. For each dry-bulb temperature in °C, we have values for the fol-
lowing:
• Humidity ratio at saturation

• Specific volume at dry, saturated, and differential conditions
• Specific enthalpy at dry, saturated, and differential conditions
• Specific entropy at dry, saturated, and differential conditions (not used in
this text)
We will use this table as we go through the text.
Terminology and Symbols for Psychrometrics

h = enthalpy of moist air, kJ/kg of dry air
ha = specific enthalpy of dry air, kJ/kg of dry air
hw = specific enthalpy of water vapor, kJ/kg of dry air
p = total pressure, usually barometric, kPa
pw = partial pressure of water vapor, kPa
pa = partial pressure of dry air, kPa
q = rate at which heat is transferred to a process, W
tdb = dry-bulb temperature of moist air, °C
twb = wet-bulb temperature of moist air, °C
tdp = dew-point temperature of moist air, °C
v = specific volume of moist air, m3/kg of dry air
va = specific volume of dry air, m3/kg of dry air
vw = specific volume of water vapor, m3/kg of dry air
vs, vg = specific volume of saturated water vapor, m3/kg of dry air
W = humidity ratio of moist air, kg (water)/kg (dry air)
Ws = humidity ratio of moist air at saturation, kg (water)/kg (dry air)
 = relative humidity the ratio of actual moisture amount to maximum
moisture amount, % rh
For dimensions and units used in air-conditioning applications and a table

of unit conversion factors for converting between Inch-Pound (I-P) and Sys-
téme International (SI) measurement units, see Appendix B.
8 Chapter 2 Properties of Moist Air

2-1 Dry-bulb temperature is measured with a wet sock around the sensing bulb.
a) True
b) False
2-2 Saturation temperature of air is the point at which the dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and
dew-point temperatures are equal.
a) True
b) False
2-3 Relative humidity does not change as the dry-bulb temperature changes.
a) True
b) False
2-4 The dry-bulb temperature can be above the dew-point temperature.
a) True
b) False
2-5 According to Appendix A, what is the specific enthalpy hs of saturated air at
5°C?
a) 15.231863
b) 18.63
c) 5.02
d) None of the above
2-6 According to Appendix A, under the same condition cited in Exercise 2-5,
what is the specific volume v?
a) 0.811
b) 0.794
c) 0.006
2-7 According to Appendix A, what is the specific enthalpy of dry air hda at 50°C?
a) 52.33
b) 225.03
c) 50.31
a) 0.915
b) 1.24
c) 0.012
Introducing the
Psychrometric Chart
Study Objectives
K describe how the psychrometric chart was developed,

K understand how to read the psychrometric chart, and
K use climatic design information from tables published by ASHRAE.
Instructions
The Modern Age of Psychrometrics

In this chapter, you will learn about the psychrometric chart and how to use
it in HVAC problems. You will see how to construct and then use the psychro-
metric chart.
The psychrometric chart was developed by Willis Carrier in the early
1900s. It has been refined over time for more accuracy to provide better results.
The chart contains seven important psychrometric variables, represented on the
chart by the following symbols:
tdb = dry-bulb temperature
twb = wet-bulb temperature
tdp = dew-point temperature
 = relative humidity
h = enthalpy
W = humidity ratio
v = specific volume
Creating the Psychrometric Chart

We will now discuss how to construct the psychrometric chart and plot the
seven important properties on the chart. Using Figure 3-1, start with the x-axis
(the horizontal line across the bottom) and plot dry-bulb temperatures on a lin-
ear scale from low on the right to high on the left.
12 Chapter 3 Introducing the Psychrometric Chart
Next we go to Appendix A and get the saturated humidity ratio Ws values

from 0°C to 50°C. Note the Ws values are in kilograms and need to be multi-
plied by 1000 to derive grams. Then, put the y-axis (the vertical line on the
right side) on a linear scale from low on the bottom to high on the top.
We develop the saturation line (the heavy dark curve shown in Figure 3-1)
by the intersection of the Ws value and the vertical dry-bulb line. Remember,
the dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and dew-point temperatures are equal on the saturation
line. Lines of constant humidity ratio are all horizontal.
Figure 3-2 shows that the dew-point temperature is where the dry-bulb tem-
perature intersects the saturation line. A line of constant dew point goes hori-
zontally on the psychrometric chart.
Going to Figure 3-3, we can get the value of the enthalpy at saturation (hs)
and again plot that value on the saturation line for that dry-bulb temperature.
To find the other end of the enthalpy line, we simply take the hs value and
go to Appendix A and look for a very close value in the hda column. Once we
find it, that dry-bulb temperature is the intersection point for that enthalpy line
with the x-axis.
For example, 15°C db has a value of 42.11 kJ/kg, so we plot this value at
the 15°C saturation temperature. We go to Appendix A and search for a value
of 42.11 kJ/kg in the hda column and find it at 42.1°C db. Those two points
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30 120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
100 Humidity Ratio

tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
Dry-Bulb Temperature
Figure 3-1 Beginning the psychrometric chart.

80% 60% 40% 30

100
30 120
90 25g/kg
Humidity 25
80 Ratio
110
70 25 25ºC
y
Dew 20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
Point 100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
10g/kg
Sa
30
Humidity 10
10 10ºC Ratio
20 70
Dew
5 Point
5
60
0 10 20 25 30 40 50
Figure 3-2 Plotting intersection of dew-point temperature on the psychrometric chart.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60 Constant
ra
t
En
pe
Enthalpy
m
50 20 = 80 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
Constant
10 Wet Bulb
20 70
= 20ºC
5
5
Constant 60
Enthalpy
= 30
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 3-3 Plotting enthalpy on the psychrometric chart.

establish the 42.11 kJ/kgda enthalpy line. Lines of constant enthalpy are sloped
and are solid dark.
Figure 3-3 also shows that lines of constant wet-bulb temperature are
almost parallel to lines of constant enthalpy. Lines of constant wet-bulb tem-
perature are sloped and dotted, as shown in Figure 3-4.
Figure 3-4 shows specific volume lines. We plot them by going to Appen-
dix A and, at a given saturation temperature, getting the vs value and inserting
it on the saturation line. Then we look at the table for the same value at a higher
temperature, and that is the x-axis intersection point for the other end of the
specific volume line.
Finding Seven Psychrometric Quantities

The psychrometric chart shown in Figure 3-4 is sufficient to provide imme-
diate and complete characteristics of a moist air parcel, even if only a small
amount of information is known about that parcel. More specifically, if any two
of the seven important psychrometric variables (tdb, tdp, twb, , h, v, W) of a
moist air sample are given (for a specific barometric pressure), then all of the
remaining ones can be determined immediately from the chart.
Example 3-1
Problem Given a sample of air where tdb = 21°C and  = 60% rh, determine its dew
point.
Solution Using Figure 3-4, the location point is at the intersection of the conditions
stated in the problem. Moving to the left in a straight line indicates that the sat-
uration curve is crossed at a temperature of 13°C. This is the dew-point tem-
perature.
Example 3-2
Problem What is the enthalpy of the 21°C and 60% rh parcel of air from Example 3-1?
Solution Again using Figure 3-4, the location point is the same. Following the line of
constant enthalpy up the enthalpy scale reveals that the enthalpy of this point is
45 kJ/kgda.
Example 3-3
Problem Find the wet-bulb temperature for the point in Example 3-1.
Figure 3-4 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1.

Solution Again using Figure 3-4, follow the constant wet-bulb line to the saturation line,
then drop straight down to read a temperature of 16°C, the wet-bulb tempera-
ture.
Example 3-4
Problem Use Figure 3-4 to find the specific volume of tdb = 21°C and  = 60% rh.
Solution Finding this point on Figure 3-4 reveals that it is located between the values of
0.84 and 0.85 m3/kg for specific volume. Further inspection of the figure indi-
cates that there are more lines of constant specific volume that are unmarked. It
appears that each of these represents an increase of 0.01 m3/kgda. Therefore, it
can be determined that the intersection is a specific volume of 0.846 m3/kgda.
Example 3-5
Problem Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, find the tdb, tdp, twb, , and humid-
ity ratio W of a parcel of air that has a specific volume of 0.88 m3/kgda and an
enthalpy of 60 kJ/kgda.
Solution tdb = 32.3°C, tdp = 15.2°C, twb = 20.9°C,  = 36% rh, W = 10.8 g/kgda
Notice that the dew point and relative humidity both needed interpolation.
There are many methods of interpolation. Most engineers simply “eyeball”
interpolate by doing a visual scaling between the lines of the chart. There is an
art to this that is learned by practice, but results in error by less than ±1% can
be achieved.
Climatic Design Information

Outdoor weather conditions have a lot to do with the air conditioning and
heating processes described in this book. Climatic design information for the
United States, Canada, and other countries is provided in Appendix C.
For our examples, we will use the “2%” column under the “Cooling DB/
MCWB” heading in Appendix C as our design conditions. This means that
only 2% of the total hours, in an average year, are above the listed dry-bulb
temperature. Note that columns for 0.4% and 1% of the time are also shown.
Using a blank psychrometric chart and Appendix C, plot the outdoor
design conditions (tdb and mean coincident wet-bulb temperature [0.4%]) for
summer in the following cities (label them). You will use these outdoor design
points as we go further into this course.
• Miami, Florida, USA
• Phoenix, Arizona, USA
• Denver, Colorado, USA

• Sydney, Australia
• Montreal, Quebec, Canada
• Dubai, UAE
• London, England
The plotted points are shown in Figure 3-5.
Psychrometric Chart for

Extended Temperature and Altitude
The psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4 is for sea level and normal tempera-
tures (0°C db to 50°C db). It is available from ASHRAE as Psychrometric
Chart No. 1.
Psychrometric charts are available at 750, 1500, and 2250 m elevations
(Charts No. 4 and No. 5), at low temperatures of –40°C to 10°C (sea level,
Chart No. 2), and at high temperatures of 10°C to 120°C (sea level, Chart No.
3).
Figure 3-5 Climatic design information plotted on the psychrometric chart (detail).
If you do work at these elevations and temperature ranges, please use the
appropriate charts. Also, do not forget to correct the sensible heat formula,
enthalpy formula, and humidity ratio formula constants for air density changes
using the equations included at the end of Chapter 1.

3-1 On a psychrometric chart, the y-axis is humidity ratio and the x-axis is:
a) Relative humidity
b) Dew-point temperature
c) Dry-bulb temperature
d) Wet-bulb temperature
3-2 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the relative humidity of
an air parcel with W = 6.4 and tdb = 15°C.
a) 60% rh
b) 70% rh
c) 80% rh
d) 90% rh
3-3 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the dew-point tempera-
ture of an air parcel with tdb = 21°C and  = 50% rh.
a) 10°C
b) 12°C
c) 15°C
d) 19°C
3-4 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the humidity ratio W of
an air parcel with a saturation temperature of tdb = 10°C.
a) 6.5
b) 7.6
c) 30%
d) 10°C
3-5 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the specific volume v
of an air parcel with tdb = 21°C and W = 10.
a) 0.82
b) 0.846
c) 0.86
d) none of the above
3-6 According to the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, what is the enthalpy of
tdb = 25°C dry air?
a) 22
b) 35
c) 76
d) 25
3-7 According to the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, what is the wet-bulb tem-
perature of a moist air parcel with tdb = 21°C and  = 50% rh air?
a) 21°C
b) 14°C
c) 10°C
d) 13°C
3-8 According to the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, what is the dew point of
tdb = 10°C saturated air?
a) 10°C
b) 4°C
c) 0°C
d) –5°C
perature of tdb = 21°C dry air?
a) 0°C
b) –4°C
c) 4°C
d) 6.5°C
3-10 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, plot the points tdb = 21°C, h = 24,
and tdb = 21°C, twb = 14°C, then connect the points with a line. Upon investiga-
tion of the line, which of the following is the best description?
a) The line is almost vertical.
b) The line has a slope of about 45° (angle).
c) The line almost horizontal.
Air-Conditioning
Processes on the
Psychrometric Chart
Study Objectives
K understand the air-conditioning processes shown on the psychrometric

chart and
K understand the use of the HVAC equations provided.
Instructions
The Power of the Psychrometric Chart

This chapter applies the processes discussed in Chapter 2 and the proper-
ties of moist air discussed in Chapter 3 to the psychrometric chart. But before
we start, we must first define two processes, sensible heat transfer and latent
heat transfer.
Sensible heat transfer (qs) is changing only the dry-bulb temperature of the
air and can be sensible cooling (lowering the temperature) or sensible heating
(raising the temperature). On the psychrometric chart, it is pure horizontal
movement, right to left or left to right only. We can use the following equation
for sensible heat change at sea level:
qs (W) = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2) in °C (4-1)
where airflow in cubic metres per second, t1 is the initial temperature, and t2 is
the final temperature.
Latent heat transfer (ql ) is changing only the moisture content of the air or
changing only the humidity ratio of the air. It is vertical-only movement on the
psychrometric chart, top to bottom or bottom to top only. We can use the fol-
lowing equation for latent heat change at sea level:
ql (W) = 3010 × airflow × (W1 – W2) in g/kg of dry air (4-2)

22 Chapter 4 Air-Conditioning Processes on the Psychrometric Chart
where airflow in cubic metres per second, W1 is the initial humidity ratio, and
W2 is the final humidity ratio.
Sensible Cooling
We will first show the air conditioning process of sensible cooling. It is a
horizontal process on the psychrometric chart, moving from the right to left.
For example, our entering temperature (T) is at 38°C db, = 10% rh, and we cool
the air to 16°C db as shown in Figure 4-1. The leaving t2 is at 16°C db and  =
37% rh. Note the humidity ratio of W = 4.1 did not change.
If we apply our example airflow of 2.35 m3/s to the problem, then
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.35 m3/s × (38°C – 16°C)
= 1210 × 2.35 × (22) = 62 550 W cooling
Sensible Heating
Next we will review the air-conditioning process of sensible heating. It is
also a horizontal process on the psychrometric chart, but from left to right. In
this example, our entering temperature (T) is 21°C db,  = 51% rh, and we heat
the air to 43°C db as shown in Figure 4-2. The leaving t2 is 43°C db and  =
14% rh. Note the humidity ratio of W = 7.9 did not change.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
Sensible Cooling 30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 16 20 30 38 40 50
Figure 4-1 Sensible cooling shown on the psychrometric chart.

If we apply our example airflow of 2.35 m3/s to our sensible heat equation,
then
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.35 m3/s × (21°C – 43°C)
= 1210 × 2.35 × (22) = 62 550 W heating
Latent Heat Addition

The addition of latent heat, or the addition of moisture content to air, is the
next area of focus. It is a vertical movement, from bottom to top of the psy-
chrometric chart. For example, the entering conditions of tdb = 27°C and  =
18% rh have a W = 4.5 humidity ratio. The leaving conditions of tdb = 27°C
and  = 55% rh have a humidity ratio of W = 13, and the dry-bulb temperature
did not change, as shown in Figure 4-3. The latent heat required with our
example of 2.35 m3/s can be calculated as follows:
ql = 3010 × airflow × (W1 – W2)
= 3010 × 2.35 m3/s × (4.5 – 13)
= 3010 × 2.35 × (8.5) = 60 120 W
Latent Heat Removal

The removal of latent heat, or the lowering of moisture content to air, is the
process shown in Figure 4-4. The entering conditions of tdb = 24°C and  =
80% 60% 40% 30

100
Sensible Heating 30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 21 30 40 43 50
Figure 4-2 Sensible heating shown on the psychrometric chart.

80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io W=13g/kg
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
W=4.5g/kg
5
60
0 10 20 27 30 40 50
Figure 4-3 Latent heat addition shown on the psychrometric chart.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 W=14.5g/kg 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
W=3.5g/kg 5
60
0 10 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 4-4 Latent heat removal shown on the psychrometric chart.

70% rh have a W = 13 humidity ratio. We remove moisture to the leaving con-

ditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 17% rh, which have a humidity ratio of W = 3.5.
The latent heat removed with our example of 2.35 m3/s is as follows:
ql = 3010 × airflow × (W1 – W2)

= 3010 × 2.35 m3/s × (13 – 3.5)
= 3010 × 2.35 × (9.5) = 67 200 W
It should be noted at this time that the processes shown in both Figures 4-3
and 4-4 are nearly impossible to do in the real world of HVAC as stand-alone
processes. When we humidify the air, we generally have to add heat to the air,
even if not desired (steam humidifier). When we dehumidify the air, we need
to cool the air dry-bulb temperature below the entering dew-point temperature
to start the moisture removal process, so we end up with cooled and dehumidi-
fied air.
Total Heat Content

We will now discuss the four air-conditioning processes that are combina-
tions of two simple processes. For these combination processes, we use the
enthalpy equation to get the total heat required (qt) at sea level:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2) in kJ/kg of dry air (4-3)
where airflow in cubic metres per second, h1 is the initial enthalpy, and h2 is
the final enthalpy.
Let us start with the cooling and dehumidifying process, because it is the
most common in the HVAC industry. Movement on the psychrometric chart is
to the left (sensible) and down (latent) from the initial condition. See Figure 4-5
for the actual movement of the air.
Also, note that a gradual slope indicates a more sensible than latent load,
but a steeper slope shows a more latent than sensible load. The following
example will explain this combination process.
The entering conditions to our cooling coil are 27°C db and 18°C wb, with
h1 = 50.7. The air is cooled and dehumidified all the way down to 12°C db and
11.5°C wb with h2 = 33. We can find the total heat required by using our new
equation with our example of 2.35 m3/s:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 2.35 m3/s × (50.7 – 33)
= 1.2 × 2.35 × (17.7) = 49.91 kW or 49 910 W
We can get the same answer by using the individual sensible and latent heat
equations:
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.35 m3/s × (27°C – 12°C)
= 1210 × 2.35 × (15) = 42 650 W
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
re
y
20
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
ra
60
pe
En
m
Te
50 20 20% 90
15
n
io
t
40
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5 h=5
1kJ
/kg 5
h=3 60
3kJ
/kg
0 10 12 20 27 30 40 50
Figure 4-5 Psychrometric chart showing movement of air in the cooling and dehumidifying
process.
and
ql = 3010 × airflow × (W1 – W2)

= 3010 × 2.35 m3/s × (9.3 – 8.3)
= 3010 × 2.35 × (1) = 7075 W
qs + ql = qt
= 42 650 + 7075
= 49 725 W
Almost the same answer, but done in one less step by using the combina-
tion equation. Because we are “eyeballing” the values on our psychrometric
chart, it is not uncommon that these two answers are not exact and can be off
by a few percent. See Figure 4-6 for the breakdown of the sensible and latent
components.
Cooling and Humidifying

Cooling and humidifying is most easily explained with the process of evap-
orative cooling. Because evaporative cooling is a constant wet-bulb or adia-
batic cooling process, the total heat or enthalpy equation does not work. The
cooling of the air at dry-bulb temperature is done by the fact that the water in
the liquid form is evaporated to water vapor. See Figure 4-7 for an example,
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
40 io
t
ra
tu
15 t 80
ten
Sa
30 La W=9.3 10
10
20 Sensible W=8.2 70
5
5
60
0 10 12 20 27 30 40 50
Figure 4-6 Sensible and latent components of determining total heat content using the psy-
chrometric chart.
and note that the movement on the psychrometric chart is to the left (sensible)
and upward (latent) to complete the process.
Our inlet conditions to the evaporative cooler are 38°C db and  =10% rh,
resulting in a 17.5°C wb. We move upward and left on the 17.5°C wet-bulb line
the distance our evaporative media will provide. Our outlet conditions will be
18.5°C db, 17.5°C wb, and  =85% rh. Note that we have dropped the dry-bulb
temperature from 38°C to 18.5°C by using only water. At our 2.35 m3/s exam-
ple, we are able to obtain a sensible cooling of
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.35 m3/s × (38°C – 18.5°C)
= 1210 × 2.35 × (19.5) = 55 450 W
So, how much water do we use in the evaporative process? We can use a
new equation to calculate the water usage in grams of water per hour:
gw /h = airflow × 1/v × (W1 – W2) × 3600

= 2.35 m3/s × 1/0.84 m3/kgda
× (4.5 – 12.5) gw /kgda × 3600 s/h
= 2.35 × 1/0.84 × (8) × 3600
= 80 570 g of water/h or 80.57 kg/h
Evaporative cooling should always be an option if you are doing a project

in the hot/dry climates of the world.
Heating and Humidifying

Heating and humidifying is a combination process that is frequently seen in
the HVAC industry when it is desirable to attempt to maintain a space at or
above a minimum relative humidity setpoint. The movement on the psychro-
metric chart is to the right and towards the top, as shown in Figure 4-8.
In our example, we have an airstream at 18°C db and  = 20% rh, with 2.35
m at sea level. We want to maintain a room at 24°C db and  = 50% rh. We
3/s
can use our equation from the evaporative cooling example to solve for the
pounds of water per hour needed to increase the relative humidity of this air-
stream.
gw /h = airflow × 1/v × (W1 – W2) × 3600

= 2.35 m3/s × 1/0.85 m3/kgda
× (2.5 – 9.5) gw /kgda × 3600 s/h
= 2.35 × 1/0.85 × (7) × 3600
= 69 670 g/h
So, we can select a steam humidifier to provide a minimum output of 69.7

kgw /h to keep our space at up to 50% relative humidity.
We can also calculate the energy required to complete this process with the
total heat equation and the enthalpy at the entering and room conditions:
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 W=12.5
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
twb=17
10
20 70
5
W=4.5
5
60
0 10 18.5 20 30 38 40 50
Figure 4-7 Cooling and humidifying shown on the psychrometric chart.

80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
40 io
t
ra
tu
15 W=10.5 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
W=3.0 60
0 10 18 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 4-8 Heating and humidifying shown on the psychrometric chart.
18°C db,  = 20% rh, h = 25 kJ/kgda

24°C db,  = 50% rh, h = 48 kJ/kgda
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 2.35 m3/s × (25 – 48)
= 1.2 × 2.35 × (23) = 64.86 kW or 64 860 W
Another way to get this answer is to break the problem into the sensible
portion and the latent portion. The sensible portion is easy, 18°C db to
24°C db, or:
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.35 m3/s × (18°C – 24°C)
= 17 060 W
For the latent portion, we need to go to Appendix D and look at the thermo-
dynamic properties of water at saturation, or steam, tables. In the left-hand col-
umn, find 18°C temperature and follow that to the right until you get to the
column labeled “Evap. hg” under the “Specific Enthalpy” heading and get 2533
kJ/kgw. The steam will reach equilibrium at 18°C db soon after injection into
the airstream. Because we know the grams of water per hour of the humidifier,
the latent portion is
ql = 69,670 gw /h × 2533 kJ/kgw

= 69.67 kg/h × 2533 kJ/kg = 176 470 kJ/h
176,470 kJ/h × 0.275 W/kJ = 48 530 W
Now we add the sensible and latent portions together:
qs + ql = qt
= 17 060 + 48 530
= 65 590 W
which is close to 64 860 W.
Remember, we are eyeballing all these values from the psychrometric
chart, so the actual values may be off ±1 or 2%.
Dehumidification and Heating

The last combination process is dehumidification and heating, or dehumid-
ification by desiccant moisture absorption. The desiccant material (contained
in a wheel) is either rotated through the airstream or sprayed into the airstream
and collected in a pan at the bottom.
The other portion of the desiccant cycle is the regeneration process that
heats up the desiccant to drive off the moisture to the atmosphere and start the
cycle over again. The process is shown in Figure 4-9 and has movement to the
right and the bottom of the psychrometric chart.
For our example, we have our inlet conditions of 27°C db and  = 27% rh,
which gives a dew-point temperature of 6°C and which a mechanical vapor
compression refrigeration can easily reach.
However, our leaving conditions require a dew-point temperature of –3°C,
less than freezing (0°C), so mechanical cooling will not work.
Our leaving conditions with desiccant dehumidification are 35°C db and
 = 8% rh, for a dew-point temperature of –3°C.
Note that these conditions are something you may not see in normal human
comfort cooling, but they may be used in an industrial process or candy manu-
facturing facility. You will also have to contact a manufacturer for an exact
selection and the regeneration method they use.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 tdp=6 70
5
5
tdp=3 60
0 10 20 27 30 35 40 50
Figure 4-9 Dehumidification and heating shown on the psychrometric chart.


4-1 Moist air that is heated without humidification has the following change in relative
humidity:
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Stays the same
d) Depends on the type of humidifier
4-2 What is the equation that converts enthalpy changes into capacity (kW)?
a) 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)
b) 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)
c) 3300 × airflow × (W1 – W2)
4-3 Which of the following is true concerning humidification by steam versus by
(cold water) atomization?
a) Atomization always maintains a constant relative humidity.
b) Steam humidification adds no net energy to the airstream.
c) Heat to make steam in the steam humidifier comes from the air
entering the humidifier.
d) Heat to evaporate water in the atomizer comes from the air
4-4 A heating coil can provide for both heating and humidification.
a) True
b) False
4-5 A cooling coil can provide for both cooling and dehumidification.
a) True
b) False
4-6 What is the change in enthalpy when dry air is heated from 10°C to 23°C?
a) 10
b) 13
c) 16
d) 18
4-7 What is the enthalpy change when saturated air at 10°C is conditioned to be
saturated air at 23°C?
a) 39
b) 35
c) 13
d) 45
4-8 One day in Phoenix, Arizona, the temperature reaches 40.5°C with 20% rh.
Water is sprayed into the air to cool it. What will the temperature of the air be
when the relative humidity increases to 50% rh?
a) 30°C
b) 35°C
c) 40°C
d) 22°C
4-9 If the air entering a heating coil is dry and 21°C db and the leaving air is 43°C,
how many watts of cooling are supplied by the coil at 2.35 m3/s if the fan is
located at the coil inlet?
a) 58 000 W
b) 65 000 W
c) 61 000 W
d) 62 550 W
4-10 Air enters a cooling coil at 38°C and 40% rh and leaves saturated at a tempera-
ture of 7°C. What is the total watts of cooling required if a 2.35 m3/s fan is
located at the inlet of the cooling coil?
a) 190 200 W
b) 174 840 W
c) 160 000 W
d) 158 960 W
HVAC Design
and the
Psychrometric Chart
Study Objectives
K apply HVAC systems to the psychrometric chart,

K define and use sensible heat ratio for cooling, and
K show the heating and humidification process on the psychrometric chart.
Instructions
Schematic of an Air-Conditioning System

To understand what an air-conditioning system is or what components it
has, it is best to look first at the room, or space, that it is to serve. This space is
to be occupied and maintained at some psychrometric condition (tdb and ).
This state is called the room design condition. This condition of temperature
and humidity is being constantly defeated by heat flowing through the building
envelope, coming in or going out. Furthermore, it is being changed by the
activities happening inside. Occupants are providing heat and moisture to the
space. There are machines and lights that transfer heat to the space as a byprod-
uct of their operation. There may be things that are cooling the room, and there
are things that are adding humidity to the room. These tend to change the inte-
rior room conditions. It is the purpose of the air-conditioning system to offset
these changes by conditioning the room air to maintain the room at the desired
condition.
To do this, some air is taken out of the room, conditioned, and returned
back to the space. This is done as depicted in the layout of a typical air-condi-
tioning system shown in Figure 5-1.
Mixing Airstreams—Cooling Systems

The mixing of two airstreams is common in HVAC systems to ensure the
proper ventilation amount in the occupied space. This involves mixing an
36 Chapter 5 HVAC Design and the Psychrometric Chart
Figure 5-1 Schematic of a general air-conditioning system.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 24 26.2 30 35 40 50
Figure 5-2 Summer design conditions shown on the psychrometric chart.
amount (fixed or variable) of outdoor air with a different amount of return or

room air to meet the ventilation code in your local area.
First, we will look at summer design conditions for a cooling application.
Assume our room design is tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh, with an air outdoor
design temperature of tdb = 35°C and twb = 18°C. See the psychrometric chart
in Figure 5-2 for the plotted conditions.
Next, we draw a straight line between these two plotted points on the psy-
chrometric chart. Our mixed condition will always be on this straight line. We
can locate the exact location by using the following formula:
tma = [airflowoa (toa) + airflowra (tra)]/airflowsa (5-1)
where
tma = dry-bulb temperature of mixed air
airflowoa = volume of outdoor air
toa = temperature of outdoor air
airflowra = volume of return air
tra = temperature of return air
airflowsa = volume of supply air
Assume our HVAC system has a supply air volume (m3/ssa) of 11 m3/s and
a ventilation or outdoor air volume (m3/soa) of 2.2 m3/s. This means the return
or room air volume (m3/sra) is the difference between the supply air volume
and the return air volume, or
m3/ssa = m3/soa + m3/sra (5-2)
In our example, then,
11 m3/ssa = 2.2 m3/soa + 8.8 m3/sra
Then, our mixed-air dry bulb temperature is
tma = [2.2 m3/soa (35°C) + 8.8 m3/sra (24°C)]/11 m3/ssa

= [77 + 211.2]/11
= 26.2°C tdb
Now go back to the psychrometric chart in Figure 5-2 and plot the mixed-
air condition on this straight line at the intersection with the 26.2°C dry-bulb
line marked MA. So our mixed-air conditions for these two airstreams are tdb =
26.2°C and twb = 18°C. This is an important item to know because the cooling
coil will be sized using this condition as the entering air to this heat exchanger.
Mixing Airstreams—Heating Systems

Now we will look at the same example in the winter heating mode. Assume
a room design of tdb = 21°C and  = 40% rh with air outdoor design tempera-
ture of tdb = 0°C and  = 50% rh. See Figure 5-2 for the plotted conditions.
We will again plot both points on our psychrometric chart, as shown in Fig-
ure 5-3, and connect these points with a new straight line. Using the same for-
mula from the Mixing Airstreams—Cooling Systems section with different
temperatures and the same volume, we get:
tma = [m3/soa (toa) + m3/sra (tra)]/m3/ssa

= [2.2 m3/s (0°C) + 8.8 m3/s (21°C)]/11 m3/s
= [0.22 + 184.8]/11
= 16.8°C
Go back to the psychrometric chart in Figure 5-3 and plot this heating
mixed-air condition on the straight line at the intersection with the 16.8°C dry-
bulb temperature line. This results in a mixing of these two airstreams at tdb =
16.8°C and twb = 10.5°C. This will be the entering air condition for the heating
coil used in our system.
One special note on heating mixed airstreams is that we need only the dry-
bulb temperature to select our heating coil or heat exchanger. The wet-bulb
temperature becomes important only if humidification is needed in the HVAC
system serving this area.
Sensible Heat Ratio—Cooling

Sensible heat ratio (SHR) is a very important concept in HVAC psychro-
metric analysis. With the proper use of SHR, we will ensure that both the room
dry-bulb temperature and room relative humidity are met in our design. It will
ensure our room supply air dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity are cold
and dry enough to achieve the room design conditions. Failure to do a proper
SHR analysis could result in not meeting one or both of the room design
parameters. Here’s an example to explain the concept.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 16.8 20 21 30 40 50
Figure 5-3 Winter design conditions shown on the psychrometric chart.

For our example, we will use a space with a sensible heat gain of 80 000 W
and a latent heat gain of 20 000 W, for a total load of 100 000 W. Our room
SHR is
80 000
SHR = ------------------- = 0.8
100 000
We plot the room conditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh on a psychro-

metric chart as shown in Figure 5-4. Then we draw a line from the center score
mark to the value of 0.8 on the left side of the half circle. This is now our SHR
slope line. Next we transfer it from the upper left corner to the room conditions
on the chart. Please make sure the slope of this line is exactly the same as you
plotted it.
Note that any air condition along the SHR line will meet our room design
conditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh. These air conditions are the leaving
air temperature off the cooling coil in the air handler. The only thing that
changes on these varying leaving air temperatures is the volume. To solve the
problem, we go to the sensible heat equation discussed in Chapter 4:
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)
We plot the intersection of the SHR line and a condition around 90% rh to
the left of the room condition in Figure 5-4. We have selected a leaving air tem-
perature of tdb = 12°C and  = 87% rh as the desired cooling coil leaving air
temperature. It is best practice to contact a cooling coil manufacturer (or run
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 SHR Line
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
Room at 10
10 24C / 50% φ
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 12 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 5-4 Drawing the SHR slope line on the psychrometric chart.
their cooling coil selection software) and confirm that they can provide a coil
that would perform to these conditions with a volume of
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

80 000 = 1210 × airflow × (24°C – 12°C)
80 000 - = 5.5 m3/s
airflow = -----------------------
1210  12
So, our cooling coil needs to provide a leaving air temperature of tdb =
12°C and  = 87% rh at our entering air temperature of tdb = 24°C and  = 50%
rh, with 5.5 m3/s of airflow through the coil.
We could also have picked a leaving air temperature of tdb = 15°C and  =
76% rh, resulting in an volume of
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

80 000 = 1210 × airflow × (24°C – 15°C)
80 000 –
airflow = ------------------------ = 7.3 m3/s
1210  15
We may or may not have been able to find a cooling coil to perform this
duty, because the leaving relative humidity is not close to 90%. Coils that
dehumidify typically have a leaving relative humidity close to 90%.
By providing this supply air quantity (airflow), supply air dry-bulb tem-
perature, and relative humidity, we will ensure that our room design conditions
are satisfied.
Sensible Heat Ratio—Cooling with Outdoor Air

This section covers the psychrometric process that is added to the SHR pro-
cess to account for the outdoor air (ventilation air) in our HVAC system.
We will use the same outdoor air design conditions of tdb = 35°C and twb =
24°C and 20% outdoor air from our example of the Mixing Airstreams—Cool-
ing Systems section. We plot all the conditions on our psychrometric chart as
shown in Figure 5-5. The mixed-air conditions are tdb = 26.2°C and twb = 18°C
from our calculation of supply air as 5.5 m3/s with the values from the previous
example of outdoor air as 1.1 m3/s and return air as 4.4 m3/s.
tma = [airflowoa (toa) + airflowra (tra)]/airflowsa

= [1.1 m3/s (35°C) + 4.4 m3/s (24°C)]/5.5 m3/s
= [38.5 + 105.6]/5.5 m3/s
= [144.1]/5.5 m3/s
= 26.2°C tdb
Again, go to the tdb = 26.2°C scale on the psychrometric chart and go up

until you intersect the mixed-air line. That is our entering air condition to the
cooling coil, tdb = 26.2°C and twb = 18°C. We still need to cool the air down to
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
Mixed
t
En
pe
Air Line
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 SHR Line
t
ra
tu
Sa 15 80
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 12 20 24 26.2 30 35 40 50
Figure 5-5 SHR for cooling with outdoor air shown on the psychrometric chart.
twb = 12°C and  = 87% rh to meet our room conditions. To calculate the total
cooling coil load, use the follow total heat equation:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 5.5 m3/s × (53 kJ/kg – 32 kJ/kg)
= 138.6 kW or 138 600 W
Note the increased cooling requirement due to the addition of outdoor air
into the HVAC system. The room total load was 100,000 W and the outdoor air
is an additional 38 600 W total. We can also calculate the room-only coil load
with the same total heat equation:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 5.5 m3/s × (47 kJ/kg – 32 kJ/kg)
= 1.2 × 5.5 m3/s × (15 kJ/kg)
= 99 kW or 99 000 W
Notice that this is not exactly the same as the 100 000 W total heat gain, but
it is very close and within acceptable tolerance for HVAC calculations.
Psychrometric Process—Heating
This section uses the same HVAC system we’ve been discussing to show
how to handle the heating requirements of our space. The air handler has the
same 5.5 m3/s. Assume our space has a heat loss of 90 000 W and all this load
is sensible load. Our sensible heat is as follows:
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
Sa 15 80
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 16.8 20 21 30 33.5 40 50
Figure 5-6 The heating process shown on the psychrometric chart.
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 5.5 m3/s × (t1 – t2)
= 90 000 W
The heating room design tdb = 21°C and  = 40% rh. So, our t1 = 21°C and
qs = 90 000 W
90 000 = 1210 × 5.5 m3/s × (21 – t2)
90 000 = 6655 × (21 – t2)
90 000
----------------- =  21 – t 2 
6655
13.5°C = (21 – t2)
t2 = 34.5°C db
So, if we supply 34.5°C warm air to our space on the coldest winter day, we
will keep the space at tdb = 21°C. See Figure 5-6 for how to show the heating
process on a psychrometric chart.
Now we add the need for humidification in the winter to our space. Assume,
for example, that we need to add 15 000 W of latent heating in the form of
moisture or water vapor. Our outdoor design is tdb = 0°C and  = 50% rh. We
add 20% outdoor air into our HVAC system and our new entering air conditions
are tdb = 16.8°C and  = 44% rh. The new total heating required is
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 5.5 m3/s × (52 kJ/kg – 29 kJ/kg)
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu 15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 w=7.5 70
5
w=6.5 5
60
0 10 16.8 20 21 30 35.5 40 50
Figure 5-7 Humidification need shown on the psychrometric chart.
= 1.2 × 5.5 m3/s × (23 kJ/kg)

= 151.8 kW or 151 800 W
An interesting part of this analysis is that the leaving air temperature from
the heating coil has been increased to approximately tdb = 35.3°C to account
for the temperature drop the humidified air will cause, as shown in Figure 5-7.
The amount of water vapor that must be added to the airstream is calculated
based on an entering air of tdb = 16.8°C and  = 44% rh with a humidity ratio
of W1 = 6.5 gw /kgda and leaving conditions of tdb = 34.5°C and  = 20% rh
with a humidity ratio of W2 = 7.5 gw /kgda. Use the following formula:
g/h = airflow × 1/Sv × (W1 – W2) × 3600 s/h
= 5.5 m3/s × 1/0.88 m3/kg × (6.5 g/kg – 7.5 g/kg) × 3600 s/h
= 22 500 g/h of water
We will discuss humidification more in the next chapter as we differentiate
between steam and water spray humidification.

5-1 The definition of sensible heat ratio (SHR) is the:

a) Ratio of sensible to latent load
b) Ratio of latent to sensible load
c) Ratio of total load to sensible load
d) Ratio of sensible load to total load
5-2 If the sensible load on a building is equal to the latent load, the value of SHR is:
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) –2
5-3 The psychrometric condition for supply air that will satisfy the requirements of
a room depends on:
a) The amount of outdoor air needed
b) The desired room condition
c) Room SHR
d) All of the above
e) Answers b and c only
5-4 Why is it possible to satisfy a room with a variety of “assumptions” about the
temperature change across a coil (heating or cooling)?
a) Because there is a corresponding airflow with every t.
b) Because the heat/cool load calculation is never accurate.
c) Because the comfort zone is large.
d) Because there is a wide variety of methods for heating and
cooling.
5-5 Which condition below is not possible to show on a psychrometric chart?
a) tdb = 24°C, h = 54 kJ/kg
b) tdb = 32°C, twb = 25°C
c) twb = 25°C, h = 84
d) tdb = 24°C,  = 50%
5-6 In a system, 1 m3/s of air at 15³C and 30% rh is mixed with 4 m3/s air at 27°C
and 80% rh. Find the mixed-air temperature using the mixing equation.
a) 18°C
b) 17.5°C
c) 16°C
d) 25°C
5-7 In Exercise 5-6, what is the mixed-air relative humidity?
a) 51% rh
b) 40% rh
c) 60% rh
d) None of these
5-8 In a system, 1 m3/s of air at 4°C and 90% rh is adiabatically mixed with moist
air at 26°C but unknown relative humidity. The final mixture is at 22°C and
50% rh. What is the relative humidity and airflow rate of the second airstream?
a) 42% rh, 5 m3/s
b) 42% rh, 3 m3/s
c) 60% rh, 5 m3/s
d) 35% rh, 6 m3/s
5-9 If the sensible load is 600 000 W and the latent load is 300 000 W, what is the
SHR?
a) 2.0
b) 1.0
c) 0.66
d) 0.76
5-10 If the room design is tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh and we mix in 25% outdoor air
at tdb = 48°C and  = 10% rh, what is the mixed-air dry-bulb temperature?
a) 45°C
b) 42°C
c) 30°C
d) Not possible
5-11 From Exercise 5-10, what is the mixed-air relative humidity?
a) 33% rh
b) 15% rh
c) 21% rh
d) 28% rh
Psychrometrics
in HVAC Equipment
Study Objectives
K show the components of an air-handling unit and their psychrometric pro-

cesses and
K explain two types of humidification.
Instructions
The Air-Handling Unit:

Heart of the Commercial Air-Conditioning System
In Chapter 5, psychrometrics was used to determine the technical charac-
teristics of the air-conditioning system required to perform a specific function.
Psychrometrics was used to convert this information into the necessary volume
and supply air conditions for both heating and cooling. These conditions not
only determined the capacity of the unit in watts but also specified the amount
of dehumidification and humidification by determining the entering and leav-
ing dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures for both the heating and cooling coils.
A manufacturer will usually package all (or most) of the components of an
HVAC system into one large enclosure called an air-handling unit (AHU).
AHUs (Figure 6-1) are almost custom-made for every design because the com-
ponents are selected from an extensive list of available sizes and capabilities to
match the specific application. So that the AHU manufacturer can deliver the
proper unit for the application, the design engineer must provide all of the nec-
essary information.
Psychrometrics of a Cooling Coil

Let’s start this discussion on what actually happens in a dehumidifying
cooling coil as the air goes through it. The entering side of the coil is warmer
than the leaving side of the coil. Therefore, the first few rows of the cooling
48 Chapter 6 Psychrometrics in HVAC Equipment
Figure 6-1 Flow path through a simple AHU.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30 Latent 10
Cooling
10
20 70
5 Sensible
Cooling
5
60
0 10 11 20 28 30 40 50
Figure 6-2 Cooling coil line shown on the psychrometric chart.
coil are doing sensible cooling only, as can be seen in Figure 6-2, the cooling
coil line. Note, it is horizontal and moving to the left side of the psychrometric
chart.
As the air moves further into the coil, the dehumidification process is start-
ing as the cooling coil starts curving downward and to the left. The maximum
dehumidification occurs just before the air exits the coil and generally leaves
the coil around  = 90% rh. Again, refer to Figure 6-2 to see the final curve
showing the completed dehumidification and cooling process.
Assume a fan has an airflow of 2.0 m3/s, entering conditions of tdb = 28°C
and twb = 20°C (with outdoor air mixed), and desired leaving conditions of tdb
= 11°C and approximately  = 90% rh. Now we can calculate the total cooling
capacity of the cooing coil with the total heat equation discussed in Chapter 4:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 2.0 m3/s × (58 – 32 kJ/kg)
= 1.2 × 2.0 m3/s × (26 kJ/kg)
= 62.4 kW or 62 400 W
We can now plot the cooling coil performance on the psychrometric chart
as shown in Figure 6-2. We can see the total heat is broken down into a sensible
component and a latent component, as also shown in Figure 6-2.
Again, the HVAC engineer must provide the above information to the man-
ufacturer of the cooling coils so they can provide an actual selection of either a
chilled-water coil or a direct expansion (DX) refrigerant coil. Their output
would include the size, height, width, number of coil rows, pressure drop (air
pressure and water pressure, if a chilled-water coil), chilled-water temperature
rise (you must supply the entering chilled-water temperature), and the actual
leaving air conditions.
Psychrometrics of Fan Heat

As a fan moves air through an HVAC system, the fan input energy is con-
verted to heat as a result of the heat of compression. All the fan input energy
ends up as heat as the fan increases the air pressure to provide air motion.
Say, for example, a fan requires 7.46 kW to move 4.72 m3/s against of
750 Pa total pressure.
7.46 kW × 1000 = 7460 W

Because the fan is moving 4.72 m3/s, we can use the sensible heat equation
discussed in Chapter 4 to calculate the actual temperatures:
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

7460 W = 1210 × 4.72 m3/s × (t1 – t2)
(t1 – t2) = 1.3°C temperature rise
So, we have the addition of 1.3°C fan heat to account for in our psychro-
metric analysis.
Fan heat is the addition of sensible heat, horizontal moving to the right on
the psychrometric chart, either before the cooling coil (blow-through fan) or
after the cooling coil (draw-through fan). Be careful with draw-through fans,
because with these fans the fan leaving air temperature is higher than the cool-
ing coil leaving air temperature. It is an additional load that must be accounted
for in cooling heat gain calculations.
ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and Equipment (2012) gives a gen-

eral estimate of fan heat as approximately 0.8°C per 750 Pa of total fan pres-
sure. In this example we calculated a little over 1°C, while this general estimate
would have given us 0.8°C. Therefore, it is better to perform the calculations.
Psychrometrics of a Heating Coil

The process of heating air is a sensible-heating-only psychrometric prob-
lem, which means that the point moves from left to right horizontally across
the psychrometric chart.
This example again uses 2.0 m3/s airflow and the entering conditions to the
hot water coil of tdb = 15°C and approximately  = 30% rh (with outdoor air
mixed) and a leaving condition of tdb = 34°C. See Figure 6-3 for the process of
heating and use the following equation:
qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

= 1210 × 2.0 m3/s × (15°C – 34°C)
= 1210 × 2.0 × (19°C)
= 45 980 W
Even if you forget that the process is sensible heating only, using the total
heat equation discussed in Chapter 4 will give you almost the same result as
shown below:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)
= 1.2 × 2.0 m3/s × (43 – 24 kJ/kg)
= 1.2 × 2.0 m3/s × (19 kJ/kg)
= 45.6 kW or 45 600 W
Humidification Equipment
Humidification equipment can be divided into two groups: 1) isothermal or
constant temperature and 2) adiabatic or moisture evaporating (see Figure 6-4).
Isothermal humidification generally involves steam humidifiers, with many
ways of steam generation, and addition of moisture to an airstream at a con-
stant temperature.
Adiabatic humidification is moisture evaporating and involves sprayed,
atomized, media, or ultrasonic humidifiers. These humidifiers lower the air
temperature as they add moisture to the airstream and are the same as evapora-
tive coolers.
In all methods of humidification, the following formula can be used to cal-
culate the amount of water that must be added to the airstream in pounds of
water per hour:
1
g/h = airflow in m3/s × ---- × (w1 –w2) × 3600 s/h
va
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
50 m 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
Heating Coil
0 10 15 20 30 34 40 50
Figure 6-3 Heating coil line shown on the psychrometric chart.
Figure 6-4 Steam (constant-temperature) and spray (adiabatic) humidifiers.

80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
40 io
t W=13
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
Humidification W=7
5
Line
5
60
0 10 20 30 32 40 50
Figure 6-5 Isothermal humidification shown on the psychrometric chart.
Isothermal humidification is shown in Figure 6-5 and has entering air con-
ditions of tdb = 32°C and  = 20% rh and leaving air conditions of tdb = 32°C
and  = 40% rh. The humidity ratio increases from 7 to 13. Note that the dry-
bulb temperature stays the same even though we have added moisture to the
airstream.
Adiabatic humidification is shown in Figure 6-6 and has entering air condi-
tions of tdb = 32°C and  = 20% rh and leaving air conditions of tdb = 28°C and
 = 36% rh. The humidity ratio is increased from 7 to 8.5. Note that the dry-
bulb temperature decreases in the process of adding moisture to the air.
Be careful to not humidify the airstream at greater than  = 90% rh. The
dew-point temperature of the interior surface of the ductwork is very import-
ant, and failure to observe this rule will result in condensation in the ductwork
that will eventually leak out and cause a problem in the building. Please work
closely with a humidifier supplier to make sure you are following all the appli-
cation rules of that product and system.
Reference
ASHRAE. 2013. Chapter 1. In ASHRAE handbook—Fundamentals. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
40 io
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
W=8.5
10
20 70
5
W=7
5
60
0 10 20 28 30 32 40 50
Figure 6-6 Adiabatic humidification shown on the psychrometric chart.


6-1 Which type of humidification requires the change to not exceed the tempera-
ture rise capacity of a heating coil?
a) Water spray
b) Steam
c) Both the same
d) Neither has an impact
6-2 From the discussion of the psychrometrics of cooling coils, which “rule of
thumb” will best select the cooling coil conditions?
a) Temperature drop across a cooling coil should be about 10°C.
b) Relative humidity off the coil should be 90%.
c) Volume of air across a cooling coil should be kept to a minimum.
d) Coil temperatures should be selected to be as low as possible.
6-3 Which of the following statements best describe why cooling coils cannot
accommodate large latent loads with small sensible loads?
a) Cooling coils rust if too much condensate forms.
b) Cooling coils will freeze up if the coil temperature gets too low.
c) Cooling coils tend to dehumidify first, then drop the air
temperature.
d) Condensation requires a drop in air temperature to the dew point.
6-4 Consider a room heating load with a 200 000 W sensible loss and 40 000 W
latent loss, with room design conditions of tdb = 22°C and approximately  =
40% rh. The air handler has an adiabatic humidifier downstream from a heating
coil without any outdoor air. If the leaving air temperature is tdb = 38°C after
the humidifier, what is the airflow required to satisfy the load?
a) 12
b) 10.3
c) 8
d) None of these
6-5 What is the leaving air temperature tdb from the heating coil for the conditions
listed in Exercise 6-4?
a) 37°C
b) 40°C
c) 38°C
d) None of these
6-6 What is the leaving relative humidity  from the heating coil for the conditions
a) 15% rh
b) 12% rh
c) 20% rh
d) 24% rh
6-7 What is the leaving relative humidity  from the adiabatic humidifier for the
conditions listed in Exercise 6-4?
a) 15% rh
b) 25% rh
c) 19% rh
d) 28% rh
6-8 Using the air handler in Exercise 6-4 and 10.3 m3/s, adding a cooling coil to
satisfy a room sensible heat gain of 146 kW and a room latent heat gain of
15 000 W, and room conditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 40% rh and without out-
door air, what is the required leaving air temperature tdb and  from the cooling
coil?
a) 12°C tdb ,  = 90% rh
b) 13°C tdb ,  = 80% rh
c) 12°C tdb ,  = 75% rh
6-9 What is the room sensible heat ratio for the conditions listed in Exercise 6-8?
a) 0.89
b) 0.95
c) 0.91
d) 1.0
6-10 Would you attempt to add humidity to the leaving airstream for the conditions
listed in Exercise 6-8 in the cooling mode with an adiabatic humidifier?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Not sure
Psychrometrics in
Zoned HVAC Systems
Study Objectives
K understand the most commonly used HVAC systems,

K understand the psychrometric analysis of these HVAC systems, and
K explain why we use zoned systems for HVAC.
Instructions
Constant-Volume and Variable-Air-Volume Systems

This chapter covers the major types of HVAC air systems. They can be
divided into two major types: 1) constant-volume, variable air temperature and
2) variable-air-volume, constant air temperature.
Constant-volume systems deliver the same volume, or airflow, at all load
conditions and change the supply air dry-bulb temperature as the load changes.
The load changes as the time of day changes, as the time of year changes, as
the occupancy changes, as the internal loads change, and as the solar load
changes. The room thermostat senses these changes in load and adjusts the
supply air temperature accordingly to maintain the room at a constant tempera-
ture.
In a chilled-water cooling, constant-volume air handler, the chilled-water
coil has a control valve, controlled by the room thermostat to vary the supply
air temperature. This type of system can provide acceptable comfort because
there is an infinite number of chilled-water valve positions to match the large
number of load conditions.
In a direct expansion (DX) system, which has refrigerant in direct contact
with the cooling coil tubes, there are typically steps or stages of cooling capac-
ity. This causes the supply air temperature to be delivered at a set temperature
between the design temperature and a few part-load temperatures. The room
thermostat must have multiple stages so it can bring on additional capacity if
the room temperature rises or remove capacity if the room temperature drops.
58 Chapter 7 Psychrometrics in Zoned HVAC Systems
This causes a compromise in room temperature control, as the setpoint is

almost never met; the room temperature actually fluctuates around the setpoint,
approximately ±0.5°C or ±1°C. In most cases, this fluctuation in room tem-
peratures can still provide an acceptable comfort level, but not one as good as a
chilled-water system.
Note that some newer styles of DX systems have variable-refrigerant-flow
capacity, which can provide a greater level of comfort in the room. These sys-
tems can better match the refrigerant flow required to handle the room’s load
variations, thus providing better comfort than stepped DX systems.
Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems deliver a variable amount of volume,
or airflow, at all load conditions at a constant supply air dry-bulb temperature.
Again, the load changes with the five variables mentioned above. The room
thermostat senses these load changes and adjusts the quantity of air delivered
to the space so the room air temperature remains constant. Note that all VAV
systems do a very good job of part-load room humidity control, as the main air
handler cools and dehumidifies the air at all load conditions to a constant dew-
point temperature.
In most cases, with modern air-handling systems, the air volume (airflow)
is changed with a variable-frequency drive (VFD) wired to the electric fan
motor. Because input frequency determines the speed of rotation in induction
electric motors as the load changes, the VFD frequency output matches the air-
flow required by adjusting the fan speed.
VAV air handlers can have chilled-water or DX cooling coils installed in
them. With chilled water, the chilled-water control valve is infinitely variable
and can be controlled to maintain a constant supply air temperature as the air
volume goes up and down in response to load changes. With DX cooling coils,
the supply air temperature changes in stages, up and down, as the load changes
and the airflow increases or decreases. Again, even with stages, you can still
obtain acceptable room comfort.
One final point: you can use many small fan-coils to provide a lot of zone
control in a large building, but each fan-coil is a constant-volume, single-zone
subsystem.
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System

Constant-volume, single-zone systems are the most commonly used in
HVAC and come in many forms. They include single-zone air-handling room
fan-coils, packaged DX single-zone rooftop systems, and residential split sys-
tems, to name a few. They have one common trait: the unit is controlled by one
room thermostat only. Therefore, they can be applied to only one zone and pro-
vide room comfort to only one zone.
A zone, by definition, has like occupancy and like thermal characteristics
but does not have a defined size. For example, a large interior cubical office
area could be a zone as large as 185 m2 if the density and usage are uniform
throughout. It could also be a zone as small as 6 m2 with a row of exterior, indi-
vidual offices lining an outside wall.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
20 Cooling Outdoor 20%
50 Mixed
Te
Air 90
Coil 15
Air
n
Line
io
40
t
ra
tu 15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Room
20 Coil Air 70
5 Leaving
Air
5
60
0 10 20 24 30 35 40 50
Figure 7-1 Psychrometrics of single-zone system at full load.
The psychrometric chart of a single-zone system is determined by the

room’s sensible and latent loads, the room’s sensible heat ratio (SHR), and
either the quantity of outdoor air needed or the code-required ventilation rate.
It is shown at full load in Figure 7-1. In all examples in this chapter, we will
use room design conditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh and 20% outdoor air
for ventilation.
Next, look at the psychrometric chart in Figure 7-2 for part-load operation.
The part-load supply air temperature is higher than the design temperature
because the room thermostat is calling for less cooling. Depending on the part-
load SHR, the room relative humidity may not be met at this part-load condi-
tion. So you must determine if this deviation above the design  = 50% rh is
acceptable. Also note that the mixed-air condition will usually change to a
lower value, as the outdoor air will typically be lower at part-load conditions.
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System with Reheat

Constant-volume, single-zone systems with reheat are used when we need to
control the room relative humidity at all load conditions. The control is simple;
the cooling coil supply air dry-bulb temperature is set to a constant leaving tem-
perature. Therefore, the supply air is dehumidified regardless of the room part-
load conditions. The supply air is reheated purely to satisfy the room thermostat.
It should be noted that this type of system is an expensive one to operate, as
we pay to cool and dehumidify the supply air and then pay again to warm up,
or reheat, the same airstream. If you are forced to provide this design in a sys-
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
Outdoor
m
50 20 Actual Mixed Air 20%
Te
90
Room Air 15
n
io
40
Air
t
ra
tu 15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Cooling
20 70
Coil Desired Room
5 Leaving Air
5
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 7-2 Psychrometrics of single-zone system at part load.
tem, you should look for ways to use recovered energy to provide the reheat.
Recovered energy sources could be condenser heat from the cooling system,
such as a heat recovery chiller or condenser reheat plus sensible heat recovery
from exhaust or return airstreams, among others.
The psychrometric chart for this system is shown in Figure 7-3 at part-load
conditions. Note that even with a SHR of less than the design SHR, we can
meet the room relative humidity condition. The psychrometrics of this system
at full load are exactly the same as shown in Figure 7-1 because, at full load,
we are not doing any reheat.
Constant-Volume, Single-Zone System with

Face and Bypass Dampers on the Cooling Coil
Constant-volume, single-zone systems with face and bypass dampers on
the cooling coil are not as common as they were in the past, but we will ana-
lyze this type in our psychrometric training process nonetheless. This system is
basically a single-zone air handler with a cooling coil plus an extra damper sec-
tion; see Figure 7-4 for all the components. The dampers are used to adjust the
amount of supply air that goes through the cooling coil or the amount of mixed
air that bypasses the cooling coil, thus the name face and bypass.
The damper is controlled by the room thermostat as it maintains a constant
room dry-bulb temperature. As the room temperature drops, the dampers are
adjusted to open the bypass section and close down on the face section, raising
the air handler supply dry-bulb temperature. The opposite is true if the room
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 Mixed Outdoor 20%
Te
Air 90
Cooling 15
Air
n
Coil
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Room
20 Cooling Reheat Part Air 70
Coil Coil Load
5
Leaving Room
SHR 5
60
0 10 20 24 27 30 35 40 50
Figure 7-3 Psychrometrics of constant-volume, single-zone system with reheat at part load.
Bypass
Return Air
Supply Air
F
A
H
E
C
O Fan SA
Outdoor Air Mixed Air C A O
E T L LeavAir
Figure 7-4 Components of constant-volume, single-zone system with face and bypass
dampers on the cooling coil.
temperature rises: the damper adjusts for less bypass air and more cooling coil
air to lower the air handler supply temperature.
The psychrometrics of this system at part load are show in Figure 7-5. Note
that the cooling coil supply air temperature decreases as we decrease the air-
flow through the cooling coil at part load. Therefore, this system does a much
better job of maintaining the room relative humidity at part load than a con-
stant-volume, variable-temperature, single-zone system.
The psychrometrics of the face and bypass system at full load are the same
as shown in Figure 7-1 because no air is being bypassed at full load. The room
thermostat is calling for full cooling, so 100% of the supply air is being cooled
in the cooling coil.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
p
Humidity Ratio
100
al
tu
th
60
ra
En
pe
Outdoor
m
50 20 Mixed Air 20%
Te
90
Cooling OA & RA 15
n
Coil Line
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Room
20 Coil Air 70
5 Leaving Room
Air SHR
5
Air Entering the Room 60
Face & Bypass Mixing Line
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 7-5 Psychrometrics of constant-volume, single-zone system with face and bypass
dampers on the cooling coil at part load.
Constant-Volume System with Terminal Reheat

Now we shift our focus to HVAC air systems that are designed to serve
many zones from one air handler. The constant-volume with terminal reheat
system was the primary commercial office space system from the 1940s to the
mid-1970s. The system is fairly simple: a single-zone air handler supplies air
ducted throughout the building, and then reheat coils are put in each duct
runout to serve any individual zones.
The air handler ensures a constant leaving supply air temperature all year
round, and each reheat coil tempers the air to meet the room temperature
desired in each zone. A few things to note: zones can have different tempera-
ture setpoints, zone reheats can be at different stages of tempering as zone
loads change, and part-load humidity control by zone is very good because the
main supply air is constantly being dehumidified. However, this system is very
expensive to operate because it is both cooling and reheating throughout the
day, month, and year. Also, most energy codes, such as ANSI/ASHRAE/IES
Standard 90.1 (ASHRAE 2013) and California’s Title 24 (CBSC 2013), restrict
the use of this system for obvious reasons. It was a popular way to get zone
control in buildings when energy was cheap and before VAV was invented.
The psychrometrics of this system at full load are the same as those shown
in Figure 7-1.
The psychrometrics of this system at part load are the same as those shown
in Figure 7-2, with the exception that each zone has a separate psychrometric
Figure 7-6 Components of constant-volume, multizone system (ASHRAE 2016, Figure 12).
chart, because the amount of the reheat will vary by zone and the SHR can be
slightly different by zone. However, a word of caution: the worst zone, from a
lowest-SHR standpoint, sets the air handler supply air dry-bulb temperature for
the entire system.
Constant-Volume Multizone and Dual-Duct Systems

Constant-volume multizone and dual-duct systems are designed to provide
comfort to multiple zones by mixing cool air with warm air so that the dis-
charge supply air temperature is satisfied by the zone thermostat. The only dif-
ference between these two systems is where the mixing of the hot and cool air
occurs.
In a multizone system, the blow-through air handler has the mixing damp-
ers mounted on the front or top of the air-handling unit (AHU). The dampers
are on a common shaft, but offset by 90°, so when the hot deck is full open, the
cold deck is full closed and vice versa. Control of the air handler is simply a
constant deck temperature for each, say tdb = 12°C for the cold deck and tdb =
40°C for the hot deck. A single damper activator is then controlled by a room
thermostat to position the dampers to meet the room temperature setpoint. If
the zone is too cool, this actuator opens more to the hot deck to warm the air
and increase the supply air temperature, thus warming the room. If the zone is
too warm, this actuator repositions to open to the cold deck (closes down on the
hot deck) to cool the air and lower the supply air temperature. Supply ductwork
is run out from this central air handler to each zone. Small units may have as
few as three zones and large units as many as 18 to 20 zones. Figure 7-6 shows
a constant-volume, multizone system.
In the dual-duct system, the blow-through air handler again has a hot deck
and a cold deck on the discharge side of the supply fan, but no mixing dampers.
Two sets of supply ductwork are run around the building in parallel with each
other. At any location that a zone is required, a dual-duct mixing box is
installed and dual taps are run to the cool deck duct and the hot deck duct. The
mixing box has two dampers on a common shaft offset by 90° rotation with a
single actuator. The room thermostat is connected to this actuator to provide
zone comfort. The air handler again has controls to maintain constant leaving
cold-deck and hot-deck temperatures. The operation of this system is identical

to that of the multizone system. Figure 7-7 shows a constant-volume, dual-duct
system.
Both of these systems are very expensive to operate because both decks are
kept at a constant leaving air temperature and achieve comfort by mixing both
airstreams. Their use is restricted by most energy codes due to the high energy
usage required for proper operation.
The psychrometrics of the multizone and dual-duct systems are shown in
Figure 7-8. Note the mixing line from the cold-deck discharge at tdb = 12°C
Figure 7-7 Components of constant-volume, dual-duct system (ASHRAE 2016, Figure 13).
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
Outdoor
m
50 20 Mixed Air 20%

Te
90
Cooling OA & RA 15
n
Heating
io
40 Coil Line
t
Coil
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Room Heating Coil
20 Cooling Air Leaving Air 70
5 Coil
Leaving Air
5
Mixing Line for Air Entering Room 60
is Zone Dependent
0 10 20 30 40 41 50
Figure 7-8 Psychrometrics of constant-volume multizone and dual-duct systems.

and  = 87% rh to the hot-deck discharge at tdb = 40°C and  = 22% rh. The
actual discharge temperature can be any one of an infinite number of points
along this line, and each zone can be at a different discharge point. Also note
that we can heat and cool with this mixing of airstreams at each zone.
Exercise caution to make sure that the cold-deck dry-bulb temperature is
low enough to satisfy the SHR for the worst zone and that the hot-deck tem-
perature is warm enough to satisfy the heat loss of the worst zone.
Figure 7-9 shows the psychrometrics of multizone and dual-duct systems in
winter heating mode. In this example, the room is at tdb = 21°C and  = 40%
rh, with an outdoor design of tdb = 0°C and  = 50% rh. The mixed condition is
tdb = 16°C and  = 45% rh. The cooling coil line is sensible cooling only, or
horizontal, and ends at tdb = 12°C and  = 57% rh. The heating coil line is sen-
sible heating only and ends at tdb = 41°C and  = 12% rh. Note that because
both the cooling and heating are sensible only (no latent), the hot-deck and
cold-deck mixing line is the sum of the cooling coil line and the heating coil
line. Any zone will require supply air that is mixed along this line.
Variable-Air-Volume Systems for Multiple Zones

In the early 1970s, the high energy usage of most of the constant-volume
systems forced designs and owners to look for systems with lower operational
costs. Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems made their debut and are still very
popular today, as they provide great fan horsepower savings for most of the
year.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
Room 10
10 Cooling
Coil Air
20 70
Leaving Air
5
5
Mixed 60
DA & RA Mixing Line for Air Entering Room
is Zone Dependent
0 10 16 20 21 30 40 41 50
Figure 7-9 Psychrometrics of constant-volume multizone and dual-duct systems in winter

heating mode.
An air handler with a single supply duct and a VFD on the supply fan pro-
vides a constant discharge air temperature of tdb = 12°C to the building. As
zones are required, a VAV box is tapped into this main supply trunk.
The VAV box is a single-damper device that modulates the airflow to the
zone in response to the room thermostat. Said another way, it is an air-throt-
tling device that provides comfort to the zone. At full load in the zone, the VAV
box is wide open in response to the room thermostat. At all part-load condi-
tions, the VAV box has its damper closed some amount in response to lower
demand for cooling in the zone.
The psychrometrics for VAV systems are the same as shown in Figure 7-1
for each zone on the AHU. Again, make sure the air handler leaving supply air
dry-bulb temperature is low enough to satisfy the worst zone’s SHR. Now at
part load we simply go to the sensible heat equation, qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 –
t2), to determine how we handle the VAV operation.
Because the supply air temperature is constant year round, we reduce the
sensible heat by simply reducing the airflow delivered to the zone. If we want
half of the sensible load, we only supply half the airflow to the zone. The
room thermostat controls the actuator on the damper shaft to keep the zone
comfortable.
So, at most part-load conditions, the psychrometrics do not change—only
the airflow changes to satisfy the reduced load, and Figure 7-1 is still valid.
This assumes the room SHR stays close to the full- load SHR at part load.
This style of VAV box is a cooling-only box and can typically only be used
for the building interior or zones that are in cooling year round.
Variable-Air-Volume Systems with Heating VAV Boxes

Most exterior zones require heating for a portion of the year. This section
covers two different styles of heating VAV boxes: VAV reheat boxes and fan-
powered VAV boxes that can have reheat as needed. Note that the central air
handler does not change with this design—we have cooling-only boxes on the
interior and heating boxes on the exterior.
To build a VAV reheat box, we simply take a cooling-only box and put a
reheat coil on the discharge of it. The coil can be hot water, steam, or electric
duct heater in design.
The psychrometrics of a VAV reheat box at full load are the same as shown
in Figure 7-1. As the demand for cooling drops, we use the same part-load psy-
chrometric chart as shown in Figure 7-1 but at lower airflow. But at some pre-
set minimum airflow, say 35% of full airflow, we energize the reheat coil. The
controls modulate the amount of reheat or temperature rise in response to the
room thermostat. The psychrometrics are shown in Figure 7-10, with the maxi-
mum reheat to a dry-bulb temperature of 35°C. Remember, only reheat to a
discharge air temperature into the zone that will satisfy the room thermostat.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 Outdoor 20%
Te
Mixed 90
Air 15
Cooling
n
OA & RA
io
40 Coil Line
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30 Room Air
10
10
20 Max Reheat 70
5 Temp
5
Reheat Line to Meet Zone Temp 60
0 10 12 20 24 30 35 40 50
Figure 7-10 Psychrometrics of a VAV reheat box at part load.
To construct a fan-powered VAV box that can also have reheat as needed,
add a sheet metal plenum on the side of a cooling-only box with a small direct-
drive centrifugal fan. The fan can draw plenum air through an air filter and dis-
charge it into the cooling box downstream of the cooling control damper. A
back-draft damper is required on the discharge of the centrifugal fan. This is
considered a parallel fan-powered box.
The control is similar to that of a VAV reheat box. At full cooling, we have
100% of the cooling air going to the zone (no fan operation). At part load, we
throttle down the supply air to a lower amount (no fan operation). At a preset
minimum airflow, say 35% of the full-load airflow, we fix the cooling damper
to that position and start the centrifugal fan. It draws air from the ceiling ple-
num and mixes it with the reduced flow tdb = 12°C to discharge warmer air into
the zone and meet the room thermostat setpoint. This ceiling plenum air can be
1.5°C to 3°C higher than the room temperature as long as the building is occu-
pied, because it has the heat of the lights added to it.
The psychrometrics of a fan-powered VAV box that can have reheat as
needed are shown in Figure 7-11. Note that you are mixing supply air at tdb =
12°C and  = 87% rh with plenum air at tdb = 26°C and  = 42% rh along the
mixing line. The location will be determined by the airflow of supply air and
the airflow of the plenum air provided by the small centrifugal fan.
If needed, another reheat coil could be mounted on the box discharge sec-
tion to provide additional heating capacity for wintertime zone heat losses. The
coil is shown as additional reheat (“Reheat if Needed”) in Figure 7-11.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
Outdoor
m
50 20 Mixed Air 20%
Te
90
Cooling 15
OA & RA
n
Coil Line
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 Room Air 80
Sa
30 Plenum Air 10
10
20 70
Leaving Reheat
5 if needed
Cooling
Coil 5
60
Mixing Line for Coil Leaving
and Plenum Air to Meet Zone Temp
0 10 12 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 7-11 Psychrometrics of a fan-powered VAV box with reheat at part load.
References
ASHRAE. 2013. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1, Energy standard for
building except low-rise residential buildings. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2016. Chapter 4, Air handling and distribution. In ASHRAE hand-
book—HVAC systems and equipment. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
CBSC. 2013. California building standards code. Title 24 of California Code
of Regulations. Sacramento, CA: California Building Standards Commis-
sion.

For all of the Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 7, consider three zones
in a small office building that we are going to heat and cool. The cooling and
heating loads are as follows:
Zone Sensible Cooling, W Latent Cooling, W Heating Sensible, W

1 12 000 1700 6000
2 16 000 2000 8000
3 20 000 3300 10 000
Assume room design conditions of the following:

Coolingtdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh
Heating tdb = 21°C and  = 40% rh
Use a sea-level psychrometric chart.
7-1 What is the sensible heat ratio for all three zones in order 1, 2, 3? (Round to
two decimal places.)
a) 0.87, 0.89, 0.86
b) 0.88, 0.9, 0.91
c) 0.87, 0.89, 0.88
7-2 If we provide 25% outdoor air for code-required ventilation to all three zones,
what is the mixed air condition in the summer if the outdoor air is tdb = 38°C
and  = 25% rh?
a) tdb = 34.5°C and  = 30% rh
b) tdb = 29°C and  = 36% rh
c) tdb = 27.5°C and  = 42% rh
7-3 For Zone 1 only, if we use individual fan-coils for each zone, what is the
required supply airflow?
a) airflow = 0.9 m3/s
b) airflow = 0.99 m3/s
c) airflow = 1.03 m3/s
7-4 For Zone 1 only, what are the leaving air conditions from the cooling coil
assuming we use 25% outdoor air from Exercise 7-2 and the correct supply air-
flow?
a) tdb = 12°C and  = 90% rh
b) tdb = 14°C and  = 88% rh
c) tdb = 16°C and  = 80% rh
7-5 For Zone 1 only, what is the total cooling capacity, qt , of the cooling coil with
the correct airflow and leaving air conditions?
a) 18 000 W
b) 22 000 W
c) 19 008 W
7-6 If all three zones were put on a central air handler with a constant-volume ter-
minal reheat system, what would the airflow of all three zones be, in order 1, 2,
3? (Same outdoor design and percent outdoor air.)
a) 0.99, 1.3, 1.6
b) 0.9, 1.4, 1.7
c) 0.99, 1.32, 1.65
7-7 If all three zones were put on a central air handler with a variable-air-volume
reheat VAV box and 25% outdoor air, what are the required leaving air condi-
tions from this air handler?
a) tdb = 13.5°C and  = 91% rh
b) tdb = 14.5°C and  = 88% rh
c) tdb = 16°C and  = 82% rh
7-8 With the system in Exercise 7-7, what are the new required airflows by zone in
order 1, 2, 3 with the new leaving conditions?
a) 0.94, 1.26, 1.57 m3/s
b) 0.99, 1.26, 1.6 m3/s
c) 1.03, 1.3, 1.55 m3/s
7-9 What is the reheat required by zone in order 1, 2, 3 to meet the total reheat load
plus the winter heat loss load? (Use tdb = 21°C for room condition and 25%
outdoor air.)
a) 14 000, 18 000, 25 000 W
b) 14 530, 19 930, 24 240 W
c) 16 000, 21 000, 26 000 W
7-10 From Exercise 7-7, with the correct leaving conditions and airflow, what is the
total cooling capacity of the central air-handler cooling coil?
a) 73 280 W
b) 70 120 W
c) 76 910 W
7-11 If the system in Exercise 7-7 were a constant-volume, dual-duct system, what
would be the heat capacity of the hot-deck coil used in the central air handler?
(Room at tdb = 24°C.)
a) 75 000 W
b) 65 000 W
c) 55 100 W
d) 60 500 W
Energy Conservation
and Psychrometrics
Study Objectives
K understand energy saving systems and strategies and their effects on the
psychrometric analysis and
K understand why lower energy costs result from the use of these systems and
strategies.
Instructions
Introduction
This chapter covers energy conservation principles and strategies and how
they affect the HVAC system design. There are many devices and strategies
that can conserve energy, but this text focuses on only the most commonly used
in HVAC: heat recovery devices, energy recovery devices, air-side economiz-
ers, water-side economizers, and supply air temperature reset. We will examine
the psychrometric processes and the energy-saving effects of these five sys-
tems.
Heat Recovery Devices

Heat recovery is the exchange of dry-bulb air temperature only between
two airstreams. In an HVAC system, this is typically between the outdoor air
used for ventilation and the common building exhaust airstream. The greater
the temperature difference that exists between the two airstreams, the more we
can affect the HVAC performance. This is also called sensible heat recovery,
because we only change the dry-bulb temperature.
The four most common types of heat recovery devices are heat wheels, air-
to-air heat exchangers, heat pipes, and glycol run-around loops. Figure 8-1
shows three of these devices, and Figure 8-2 shows a schematic of a coil run-
around loop.
74 Chapter 8 Energy Conservation and Psychrometrics
Figure 8-1 Heat and energy recovery devices.
Figure 8-2 Run-around loop (ASHRAE 2012, Figure 14).
A heat wheel is a large-diameter, deep wheel consisting of a honeycomb

styling of metal pockets. Half of the wheel is located in the exhaust airstream
and the other half is located in the incoming outdoor airstream. In the winter, as
the wheel rotates slowly, the cold outdoor air is preheated by the warmer
exhaust airstream that is being dumped outdoors. The individual pockets
change temperature rapidly as the wheel rotates from one airstream to the other
and back again.
In the summer, the wheel also precools the hot outdoor air with indoor
room-temperature exhaust air from the building. Note that this device must be
ducted and positioned in such a way that the airstreams are next to each other
somewhere in the system. Also, a small amount of cross-contamination occurs
between the airstreams, so care must be taken depending on the application.
For example, exhaust air from an office building (toilet, break room, janitorial
closets, etc.) is generally acceptable to use, but exhaust from hospital isolation
rooms is never acceptable.
One final note on rotary heat wheels is that the loss of air from the supply
side (outdoor air) to the exhaust air side can be as high as 10% of the total air-
flow. This is the cause of the cross-contamination, but you must also increase
the airflow higher than the design required amount to cover this loss or leak-
age.
An air-to-air heat exchanger uses parallel plates of metal (or other material)
to separate the exhaust air from the outdoor air. The plates are packed tightly
next to each other in the heat exchanger, and the heat transfer goes across each
plate. So every other plate has indoor or outdoor air flowing through it in oppo-
site directions. This heat exchanger design does not have any cross-contamina-
tion between the two airstreams, and both airstreams must be side by side
somewhere in the system.
Heat pipes look like one big chilled-water coil or heat exchanger. The dif-
ference is that each tube going across the coil is a separate chamber filled with
a very small refrigerant charge. Each half of the coil, split side to side, sits in
one of the airstreams. In winter, the outdoor air side of the heat pipe condenses
the refrigerant in the tube and rejects the heat to the outdoor air, warming it.
The other side sits in the warm exhaust air, which vaporizes the refrigerant,
absorbing the heat from the warm airstream. By natural pressure difference, the
warm refrigerant vapor migrates to the colder side, where it condenses. The
coil is tilted slightly so the liquid refrigerant flows back to the warm side on the
bottom of each small tube. When the season changes to summer, the tilt must
be reversed so the heat pipe can work in the reverse and cool the warm entering
outdoor air.
A glycol run-around loop is two large coils or heat exchangers placed in the
two airstreams that are connected by two pipes and one pump to move the gly-
col-water solution from one coil to the other. They transfer heat from the
exhaust airstream to the outdoor airstream by warming up and then cooling
down the pumped glycol-water solution. The advantage of this system is that
the airstreams can be located great distances from each other. There is no
cross-contamination with this device.
Psychrometric Effects and Savings of Heat Recovery

Figure 8-3 shows winter temperature-change-only heat recovery. The
exhaust airstream is at tdb = 21°C and  = 40% rh and 0.7 m3/s. The outdoor
airstream is at tdb = 0°C and  = 50% rh and 0.94 m3/s. Note: Typically more
outdoor air is brought in than exhausted to positively pressurize the building to
keep the indoor environment clean and dust free.
However, we must first introduce the concept of heat exchanger effective-
ness. Counterflow air-to-air heat exchangers can achieve close to 100% effec-
tiveness. But, the range of 50% to 70% effectiveness for cost and air pressure
drop considerations is generally selected. For this example, we will use 60%
effectiveness.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
Outdoor 10
Air 10 Exhaust
20 Air 70
5
Room
Air 5
60
Outside Air
0 9 10 20 21 30 40 50
Figure 8-3 Heat recovery in the winter.
If the exhaust airstream were cooled from tdb = 21°C to tdb = 0°C the max-
imum amount of sensible heat transfer would be
qs = qmax = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)
= 1210 × 0.7 m3/s × (21 – 0)
qmax = 17 780 W
Because the effectiveness is 60%, the transferred heat is

qmax × effectiveness = qtransferral
17 780 W × (0.6) = 10 668 W
Then the outdoor air is warmed to
qs = 10 668 W = 1210 × 0.94 m3/s × (0 – t2) difference

10 668
----------------- = 9.4C =  0 – t 2 
1137
t2 = 8.4°C
Likewise, the exhaust air is cooled to
qs = 10 668 W = 1210 × 0.7 m3/s× (21– t2)

10 668
----------------- = 12.6C =  21 – t 2 
847
t2 = 8.4°C
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
Outside
pe
Air
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 Room Outdoor
t
ra
Air
Air Point
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10 Exhaust
20 Air 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 24 30 35 40 50
Figure 8-4 Heat recovery in the summer.
So 10 668 W of energy has been conserved by preheating the outdoor air

by 9.4°C and therefore lowering the operating cost in the process.
Next, we will look at the process in the summer with outdoor design condi-
tions of tdb = 35°C and  = 40% rh and room conditions of tdb = 24°C and  =
50% rh, as shown in Figure 8-4.
qs = qmax = 1210 × 0.7 m3/s × (35 – 24)

= 1210 × 0.7 m3/s × (11)
qmax = 9317 W
Using the same effectiveness of 60%,
qs = qmax × (0.60) = qtransferral

qtransferral = 9317 W × (0.60)
= 5590 W
So we cool the outdoor air sensibly by
qs = 5590 W = 1210 × 0.94 m3/s × (35 – t2)

5590
------------ = 4.9C =  35 – t 2 
1137
t2 = 30.1°C
And we warm the exhaust air by
qs = 5590 W = 1210 × 0.7 m3/s × (24 – t2)

5590
------------ = 6.5C =  24 – t 2 
8471
t2 = 30.5°C
An air-to-air heat exchanger was used in this example, but the same proce-
dure applies to the other three heat recovery devices—only the effectiveness
will change.
Condensation and Frost Formation

We must consider two other items in the use of heat recovery devices, con-
densation and frost formation. Condensation can occur on a heat exchanger if
the exhaust air dew-point temperature is reached. For example, in Figure 8-3, if
the exhaust air temperature were lowered below tdb = 7°C, then condensation
would occur on a small portion of the heat transfer surface. Be sure to specify
these devices with a condensate drain to properly collect this water.
Frost can form on the leaving side of the exhaust air in the heat recovery
device when the outdoor air gets to temperatures of –12°C or less. In the win-
ter, because the exhaust air dew-point temperature is almost always above 2°C,
this is a design consideration in Climate Zones 4 to 8 (ASHRAE 2013). Frost
formation in the heat recovery device decreases the exhaust airflow and
reduces the device’s effectiveness.
The methods used to prevent frost formation on heat recovery devices are
as follows:
• Preheat the outdoor airstream to some preset temperature entering the

device (e.g., –12°C) (all types of heat recovery devices).
• Install a set of bypass dampers around the device to bypass a portion of the
outdoor airstream so the heat exchanger does not get so cold (heat wheel,
air-to-air heat exchanger, heat pipe).
• Install a three-way control valve in the glycol piping to control the glycol
solution inlet temperature on the exhaust coil to somewhere around –1°C,
thus preventing frost formation (run-around loop).
• Increase the rotational speed of the heat wheel so the outdoor air does not
cool the heat transfer part of the wheel to below around –1°C (heat wheel).
Energy Recovery Devices

Energy recovery is the transfer of sensible heat and latent heat from the
exhaust airstream to the outdoor airstream. At first glance, the wheel looks
identical to a heat recovery wheel that transfers temperature only. However, the
heat transfer material in an energy recovery device is coated with a desiccant
material that absorbs water vapor and then rejects the water vapor to the other
airstream. So in winter, the moisture in the warmer building air is transferred to

the very dry outdoor air, thus helping maintain the indoor relative humidity.
And in the summer, the cool and dryer indoor air that is exhausted absorbs
some of the moisture in the hot, humid outdoor air.
Energy recovery devices come in two types: 1) rotary energy wheels and
2) plate air-to-air heat exchangers with moisture transfer plates that are not
solid metal in construction. Following are performance examples of an energy
recovery rotary wheel. Summer performance with a total energy effectiveness
of 0.87 is shown in Figure 8-5 and is as follows:
Outdoor air conditions: tdb = 35°C, twb = 24°C, outdoor air = 1.08 m3/s
Supply air conditions: tdb = 28°C, twb = 20°C, supply air = 0.94 m3/s
Return air conditions: tdb = 24°C, twb = 16°C, return air = 0.7 m3/s
Exhaust air conditions: tdb = 33°C, twb = 24°C, exhaust air = 0.84 m3/s
Note the leakage airflow is 0.14 m3/s and the outdoor air total cooling load
reduction is
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 0.94 m3/s × (69 – 54)
= 1.2 × 0.94 m3/s × (15)
= 16.92 kW or 16 920 W
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
Outside
t
En
pe
Air
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
Room 15
Outdoor
n
io
40
Air Air Point
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30 Exhaust 10
10
Air
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 24 30 35 40 50
Figure 8-5 Energy recovery rotary wheel summer performance example.

The cooling system only needs to cool the outdoor air from tdb = 28°C and
twb = 20°C to tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh instead of from tdb = 35°C and twb =
24°C, which reduces the cooling energy costs.
Winter performance with the same effectiveness is shown in Figure 8-6 and
is as follows:
Outdoor air conditions: tdb = 0°C, twb = –3°C, outdoor air = 1.08 m3/s
Supply air conditions: tdb = 13°C, twb = 9°C, supply air = 0.94 m3/s
Return air conditions: tdb = 21°C, twb = 13°C, return air = 0.94 m3/s
Exhaust air conditions: tdb = 3°C, twb = 0°C, exhaust air = 0.84 m3/s
The outdoor air heating load is reduced by
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)

= 1.2 × 0.94 m3/s × (41 – 6)
= 1.2 × 0.94 m3/s × (35)
= 39.48 kW or 39 480 W
The outdoor air now has only to be heated from tdb = 13°C to tdb = 21°C
instead of from tdb = 0°C, which reduces the cooling energy costs, as with the
winter operation.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
Outdoor 10
Air 20 Exhaust 70
5 Air
Room
Air 5
60
Outside Air
0 3 10 13 20 21 30 35 40 50
Figure 8-6 Energy recovery rotary wheel winter performance example.

Note that in both cases of heating and cooling to the outdoor air, the humid-
ity ratio changes so you are not only transferring sensible heat, but also latent
heat. This latent heat helps maintain the indoor room relative humidity at the
design condition.
Air-Side Economizer
An air-side economizer is an HVAC system option that allows cooling
without the use of mechanical refrigeration, thus making the cooling energy
equal to zero. For instance, to satisfy the cooling load, we need the supply air
tdb = 12°C. Then, any time of the year that the outdoor air temperature is tdb =
12°C or less, we can shut the mechanized refrigeration off and open our out-
door air dampers to 100%, pulling in 12°C air. Now this 12°C outdoor air pro-
vides all the cooling to the building. This is called full economizer mode and
should be considered any place where there is a cooling need in the fall, winter,
and spring.
You can also implement partial air-side economizing in your HVAC sys-
tem. For example, the outdoor air temperature is tdb = 18°C and your room is at
tdb = 24°C. Instead of cooling the air from 24°C down to 12°C for the supply
air, you only have to cool the air from 18°C to 12°C with mechanical refrigera-
tion. In this example, the refrigeration load is reduced approximately 50%. So
partial economizing can be used any time the outdoor air is less than the room
cooling condition.
A word of caution when using partial air-side economizing on constant-
volume, variable-temperature systems and it is very humid or raining outdoors
is that the humid outdoor air will cause the room relative humidity to go above
the room design condition of  = 50% rh. In this instance, use the outdoor air
enthalpy instead of the dry-bulb temperature to initiate partial economizing.
The outdoor enthalpy should be at least 8 kJ/kgda less than the room enthalpy
condition before you allow partial economizing. This is less of a concern on
VAV systems since they control to a constant leaving cooling air temperature at
all load conditions.
Note that with the air-side economizer option the air-handling system must
be capable of bringing in up to 100% outdoor air. This means the outdoor air
weather louvers, outdoor air duct, and outdoor air dampers must all be sized
and selected for the full airflow of the air handler.
Also, because you are bringing up to 100% outdoor air into the building,
you must provide a way to relieve, or exhaust, this additional air and provide
building pressure control to prevent overpressurization of the building. Fail-
ure to do this will result in the exterior doors staying partially open, not fully
closing.
Water-Side Economizer
The water-side economizer system was developed to provide cooling via
the chilled-water system to air-handling systems that do not have any outdoor
air connection or have minimum outdoor air capability. For this energy-saving
option, you must have a chilled-water cooling delivery system, a cooling tower,
and a heat exchanger piped between the chilled- and condenser-water systems.
Let’s look at the performance of a cooling tower from the psychrometric
side. A cooling tower produces cool water dependent on the ambient wet-bulb
temperature only. For example, the ambient is tdb = 35°C and twb = 24°C, as in
our previous examples. The cooling tower has a 3°C approach temperature at
full load or heat rejection. This means the cooling tower can produce 27°C
leaving cooling tower water, or twb = 24°C + 3°C = 27°C. In the process of
cooling the water down to 27°C, a portion of the recirculating water is evapo-
rated by slightly cooling the air (lower tdb) and greatly adding moisture to the
air. It is not uncommon that the air leaving a cooling tower is between 90% and
95% relative humidity.
As the outdoor air cools in the fall, winter, and spring, so does the outdoor
wet-bulb temperature. Also, the building sensible load decreases in these non-
peak cooling seasons. For example, the ambient temperature is tdb = 4°C and
twb = 1°C. We also have the same approach temperature at part load of 3°C (if
the tower is at full load and the same ambient conditions, the approach would
be around 6°C).
So this tower will make 7°C leaving condenser water. If our heat exchanger
has a 1°C approach temperature, then we can make 8°C chilled water to be dis-
tributed throughout the building to provide cooling where needed. See Figure
8-7 for a system schematic of a water-side economizer.
This water-side economizer is most commonly used on systems that have
chilled-water fan-coils or small air handler type systems. Typically, these sys-
Figure 8-7 Water-side economizer schematic.

tems have no outdoor air or a small amount of outdoor air, and it could be diffi-
cult or impossible to duct 100% outdoor air capability to them.
The heat exchanger between the condenser water system and the chilled-
water system must be cleanable. So, because both can have the condenser
water debris easily removed, plate-and-frame and shell-and-tube (tube-side
condenser water) are the two heat exchangers most commonly used.
Supply Air Temperature Reset

Supply air temperature reset works because in almost all comfort cooling
system applications, the sensible heat gain decreases in the fall, winter, and
spring. So, if the sensible heat gain to a zone is half the summer peak gain by
the sensible heat equation discussed in Chapter 4, qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 –
t2), and if our airflow is constant, then the t can be half to produce half the
sensible cooling. Consider: if we have airflow = 2000, a summer peak supply
air temperature of tdb = 12°C, and a room condition of tdb = 24°C, then
Full sensible cooling: qs full = 1210 × 0.94 m3/s × (24°C – 12°C)
= 13 650 W
Half sensible cooling: qs half = 1210 × 0.94 m3/s × (24°C – 12°C) × 0.5
= 6825 W
Simply by having the air handler supply tdb = 18°C, we can provide the
cooling necessary. See Figure 8-8 for the psychrometric analysis of this con-
cept. Also note that the sensible heat ratio will change as the heat gain
decreases in the off-peak load times of the year.
A few words of caution are in order before you apply this strategy:
• Data centers, IT rooms, and telecom rooms may have only slight decreases
in the sensible load throughout the year and, therefore, cannot use supply
air temperature reset.
• Process or industrial applications may never change in sensible load and so
cannot use supply air temperature reset.
• VAV systems are very economical to run because the airflow varies as the
sensible load goes down. But if you reset the supply air temperature
upward too much, you will eat into or eliminate the fan horsepower savings
derived from this system. Granted, you can probably reset the supply air
tdb = 12°C to 13°C or 14°C, but not up to 19°C to 21°C. This is a great
case for energy modeling of the VAV system to see how high in reset tem-
perature you can go at the expense of fan energy usage. Remember, the
higher the supply air temperature, the more refrigeration or cooling energy
you can save.
• Be very careful about how much supply air temperature reset you do in
very humid areas of the world. Remember, the supply air temperature from
the cooling coil sets the required dew point to maintain the room relative
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra Room
tu
15 80
Air
Sa
30
10
10
20 Part Load 70
Supply Air
5
Full Load
Supply Air 5
60
0 10 12 18 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 8-8 Supply air temperature reset example.
humidity via the sensible heat ratio calculation. Many times in the off-peak
cooling season you could reset the supply air temperature, but the outdoor
humidity conditions force the cooling coil to always be in dehumidification
mode. And be careful of rainy days in the off-peak cooling season, as the
outdoor moisture content may take precedent over supply air temperature
reset. All modern HVAC control systems should do some indoor relative
humidity sensing as a standard benefit, so the building manager/operator
has the ability to make the right decision in this event.
Many other energy-conserving measures can be used on a building that do

not involve the psychrometric process in the HVAC system and, therefore, are
not discussed in this course.
References
ASHRAE. 2013. Figure B1-1, Normative Appendix B, Building envelope cli-
mate criteria. In ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2013, Energy stan-
dard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2012. Chapter 26, Air-to-air energy recovery equipment. In
ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and Equipment.

8-1 A heat wheel with a desiccant coating is a:

a) Sensible heat recovery device
b) Total enthalpy heat recovery device
c) Sensible-to-total heat recovery device
d) Total-to-sensible heat recovery device
8-2 When is preheating of the outdoor airstream necessary on a heat recovery
device?
a) When the outdoor air temperature is below –16°C.
b) When the outdoor air dew point is below 0°C.
c) When the exhaust airstream has a dew point above 0°C and the
leaving air temperature is below 0°C.
d) All of the above.
8-3 Heat recovery effectiveness is the actual amount of heat transferred versus the
maximum amount that could be transferred.
a) True
b) False
8-4 Energy recovery involves the transfer of sensible heat from one airstream to the
other airstream.
a) True
b) False
8-5 An air-side economizer should be considered on any/all air systems that have
100% outdoor air capability and high operation hours with an ambient air tem-
perature below 16°C and a demand for cooling.
a) True
b) False
8-6 Water-side economizers can be used on a chilled-water system with all termi-
nal fan-coils and an air-cooled water chiller.
a) True
b) False
8-7 There is a sensible heat recovery system between equal outdoor air and exhaust
airstreams in Phoenix, Arizona, and the summer design outside is tdb = 48°C
and  = 10% rh. If the effectiveness is 75% of the heat recovery device and the
exhaust airstream is tdb = 24°C and  = 40% rh, what are the dry-bulb tempera-
ture and relative humidity of the outdoor airstream leaving the recovery
device?
a) tdb = 32°C and  = 25% rh
b) tdb = 35°C and  = 20% rh
c) tdb = 38°C and  = 18% rh
d) tdb = 30°C and  = 28% rh
8-8 From Exercise 8-7, what are the leaving air conditions of the exhaust airstream
with everything else being the same?
a) tdb = 30°C and  = 30% rh
b) tdb = 35°C and  = 25% rh
c) tdb = 40°C and  = 20% rh
d) tdb = 42°C and  = 16% rh
8-9 If the entering air conditions to a cooling tower are tdb = 48°C and twb = 19°C
and the cooling tower has a full-load approach temperature of 4°C, what is the
leaving water from cooling tower (at full load)?
a) 40°C
b) 35°C
c) 23°C
d) 29°C
8-10 Supply air temperature reset can be used on all air-conditioning systems, any
time of the year in all parts of the world, regardless of the ambient air condi-
tions.
a) True
b) False
Special Applications and
Psychrometric Considerations
Study Objectives
K understand the five special cases of psychrometric applications in the

HVAC industry and the psychrometric analysis of each,
K select equipment for each of these systems, and
K understand the effect of indirect and direct evaporative cooling in series.
Instructions
Introduction
This chapter discusses five special cases of psychrometric applications in
the HVAC industry: cooling towers, cleanrooms, indoor swimming pools,
direct evaporative cooling, and indirect evaporative cooling.
Cooling Towers
Starting with cooling towers may seem strange because the function of a
cooling tower is to cool water. However, it cools the water by rejecting the
heat, through an evaporative/sensible process cooling, to the ambient or out-
door air.
The cooling tower approach temperature is the difference between the leav-
ing water temperature and the ambient air wet-bulb temperature.
An example shows what happens to the ambient air and the entering water
as they pass through the cooling tower. Consider a 1055 kW cooling tower that
can cool 0.056 m3/s of water from 35°C to 30°C. The heat being rejected by
the water is
q in kW = 4710 kW/m3/s °C × water flow in m3/s t in °C

= 4710 × 0.056 m3/s × 5°C
= 1319 kW
88 Chapter 9 Special Applications and Psychrometric Considerations
The entering ambient air to the cooling tower is tdb = 40°C and twb = 25°C.
This tower moves 28.45 m3/s of air, which leaves the tower almost at the satu-
ration line on the psychrometric chart. Therefore, the air must pick up 1319
kW, as shown by the total heat required equation discussed in Chapter 4:
qt = 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)
where h1 is the enthalpy at tdb = 40°C and twb = 25°C, or h = 76 kJ/kgda. There-
fore,
1319 kW = 1.2 × 28.45 m3/s × (h1 – h2)

1319 kW = 1.2 × 28.45 m3/s × (76 – h2)
therefore h2 = 114 kJ/kgda
This matches the Figure 9-1 psychrometric chart.
So, the leaving air temperature is tdb = 33°C and twb = 32.8°C, or almost
saturated air. Note that the cooling tower approach is the difference between
the leaving water temperature (28°C) and the 25°C entering wet-bulb ambient
temperature, or 3°C.
See Figure 9-1 for the details of the air condition as it flows through the
cooling tower. Note that part of the process is sensible cooling, but the majority
is latent heat being added to the ambient air as the tower water is cooled.
Also note that the entering ambient air can be anywhere on the twb = 25°C
wet-bulb line and we will get the same results. The only difference is the
Leaving Cooling Tower

80% 60% 40% 30
100
30
120
90
25
80 110
Air Through
Cooling
70 25 Tower
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60 Wet
ra
t
En
Bulb
pe
Line
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 Outdoor
t
ra
Ambient Air
tu
15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5
5
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 9-1 Psychrometrics of air through a cooling tower.

amount of latent heat and the amount of sensible heating or cooling that takes
place as the air moves through the cooling tower.
Indoor Swimming Pools

From a design prospective, the indoor air dry-bulb temperature for indoor
swimming pools or natatoriums used for recreational purposes should be the
same temperature as the pool water temperature. That way, the amount of pool
water lost to evaporation into the pool enclosure is reduced. However, if this is not
possible, do not allow tdb to be greater than +2°C above the water temperature.
The range for recreational pool water temperature is 24°C to 19°C, with a
recommended  = 50% rh to 60% rh. As an example in this section, we will
design around tdb = 26°C and  = 55% rh. A specially designed unit called a
pool dehumidifier is used to provide dehumidification, reheat, and the proper
amount of outdoor ventilation air as shown in Figure 9-2. The unit also has the
capability to provide auxiliary heat (of wintertime outdoor air), pool water heat
(energy saver), an external refrigerant condenser (reject heat outdoors), and
energy or heat recovery devices as explained in Chapter 8. It is also acceptable to
return the water condensed by the dehumidifying coil back to the swimming
pool.
The amount of outdoor ventilation air required is 2.4 L/s·m2 of total area,
which comes from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 (ASHRAE 2013). Total area
is defined as the pool surface plus the deck area around the pool if it gets wet
during normal operation. If this indoor pool area is connected to or is part of a
larger building, then it should be at a slightly negative pressure to the rest of the
building (–12 Pa of water). This will ensure that the chlorine odor and the high-
moisture-content air do not get into the rest of the building.
Figure 9-2 Single-blower pool dehumidifier.

80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
Cooling 90
Coil Indoor 15
n
io
40 Line Pool
t
ra
Air
tu
Sa 15 80
30
10
10 Pool
20 SHR 70
5 Line
Reheat
Coil
5
60
0 10 12 20 26 30 40 50
Figure 9-3 Indoor pool dehumidification and reheat process.
Take care to ensure that the building envelope is designed to handle the
high-dew-point indoor air. Exterior windows are discouraged in cold winter
design areas, as they will sweat excessively and cause damage.
For our example, the indoor pool is at tdb = 26°C and  = 55% rh. Note that
the indoor dew point is tdp = 17°C. The pool dehumidification unit cools and
dehumidifies the air first and then reheats the air to meet the psychrometric
needs. From a load calculation, the room sensible heat ratio (SHR) for this
example is 0.5. So the air is cooled from tdb = 26°C down to tdb = 12°C and
room moisture is removed in the process. Then the air is reheated from tdb =
12°C up to tdb = 19°C to intersect the SHR line on the psychrometric chart and
balance the sensible and latent cooling processes. See Figure 9-3 for the actual
pool dehumidification and reheat process.
Also note that to provide for the full heating load at winter design, both the
refrigeration reheat coil and the auxiliary heat will be used to warm the air to
the design supply air temperature. Conversely, for the summer design, dehu-
midification will be needed. So the supply air temperature of tdb = 19°C will
cover the cooling design load without any reheat. This then requires a second
refrigerant condenser to reject the heat to the ambient air.
Cleanrooms
The need for cleanrooms has expanded greatly over time. They are used in
manufacturing facilities for microprocessors, pharmaceuticals, medical prod-
ucts, and various electronic devices. The common requirement of these facili-
Figure 9-4 Makeup air handler.
ties is a clean area using high-efficiency particle arrestor air filtration with
precise dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity control.
A cleanroom HVAC system is divided into two subsystems with different
functions. First is the makeup air system, which provides preconditioned out-
door air to the cleanroom area because a large amount of exhaust air is typi-
cally removed in the manufacturing process. The second subsystem is the
recirculating room air handlers that slightly cool and filter the room air, at the
same time maintaining an airflow rate in the room.
As an example, a cleanroom is designed at summer conditions of tdb =
21°C and  = 45% rh, which is means a tdp of 9°C. The design outdoor air is tdb
= 40°C and twb = 25°C. Therefore, the makeup air handler must cool this hot/
humid summer design air to something less than tdb = 9°C, because the recircu-
lation air handlers perform only sensible cooling. Or, said another way, the
makeup air has to remove all the outdoor air latent load plus any room latent
load prior to the air being mixed into the cleanroom.
Because most cleanrooms have very few people working in them at any
given time and the manufacturing tool load is mostly a sensible load, the latent
load from the cleanroom is typically small. For this example, by cooling the air
down to tdb = 8°C, we can handle the cleanroom latent load from our latent
load calculations.
The makeup air handler must also be able to add humidity to the air when
the outdoor air is dry, as well as heat the air to near room condition in the win-
ter. These are typically very large and long air handlers, because they perform
many functions on the outdoor airstream. Note in Figure 9-4 all the compo-
nents necessary to provide preconditioned outdoor air.
Let’s look at the psychrometrics of this make-up air handler at the summer
design conditions. The psychrometric chart for this unit is shown in Figure 9-5.
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60 Outdoor
ra
t
Air Design
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
Precool
Glycol 40
t
Coil
ra
Coil Chilled-
tu 15 Water 80
Sa
30 Coil
10
10
20 70
5
5
Reheat 60
0 8 10 11 19 20 30 34 40 50
Figure 9-5 Makeup air handler psychrometrics at summer design conditions.
All three cooling coils and the reheat coil are used to precondition the air
before mixing it with the cleanroom recirculation air. A summary of the four
coils follows:
1. Precool coil takes the 100% outdoor air from tdb = 40°C down to tdb =
34°C with a process cooling loop water supply at 30°C.
2. Chilled-water coil then takes the air from tdb = 34°C down to tdb = 11°C
with the chilled-water loop at 5°C.
3. Glycol (antifreeze) cooling coil then takes the air from tdb = 11°C down to
tdb = 8°C with a water/glycol solution at 2°C.
4. Reheat coil then heats the air from tdb = 8°C up to tdb = 19°C with the
return water from the process cooling loop that is at about 35°C. This is a
huge energy-saving feature to use the return water as a heating source and
thus cool the return water in the process.
This preconditioned outdoor air is then mixed with the cleanroom return air
that is at tdb = 21°C and  = 45% rh at the inlet of the recirculation air-handling
units. If the relative humidity gets to below 45%, then the glycol coil raises its
supply air temperature a degree or two to bring the cleanroom back up to  =
45% rh.
At any outdoor condition, this makeup air handler has the components to
bring the outdoor air to the desired mixed condition before it is introduced into
the cleanroom.
The cleanroom recirculation units are very simple: they consist of a fan, a
small chilled-water coil, and a set of air prefilters. The actual cleanroom high-
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40
t
ra
tu Clean
15 Room 80
Sa
30 Condition
10
10
20 70
5
5
Coil Leaving Temperature 60
from Recirculating AHU
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 9-6 Recirculation cleanroom air handler psychrometrics.
efficiency particle arrestor filters are in the ceiling of the cleanroom and pro-
vide airflow at a high velocity through the room. Because they are sensible-
cooling-only units and have a very small temperature drop, tdb = 21°C to tdb =
19°C, or only 2°C of cooling, there is no temperature deviation in the clean-
room. The psychrometrics of the recirculation cleanroom air handler are shown
in Figure 9-6.
The mixing of the preconditioned makeup air and the return air from the
cleanroom is interesting in that the ratio of the room/makeup air is typically 20/1
to 50/1, depending on the process in the cleanroom. Therefore, the mixed condi-
tion is only reduced a few tenths of a degree in the dry bulb temperature. The
room temperature sensor controls the chilled-water valve in the recirculation air
handler to change the leaving air temperature slightly if needed.
Direct Evaporative Cooling

Direct evaporative cooling can be used very effectively in the hot and dry
climates of the world to provide for human comfort. In direct evaporative cool-
ing, the airstream is 100% outdoor air and in contact with water. As some water
evaporates, it lowers the dry-bulb temperature of the airstream, cooling the air.
The process of direct evaporative cooling is a constant-wet-bulb-temperature
process, as shown in Figure 9-7.
For example, consider outdoor air conditions of tdb = 38°C and  = 5% rh,
in which the process goes up and to the left on the 15°C wet-bulb line. If the
direct evaporative cooling has a 95% efficiency, then the leaving air tempera-
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
SHR
n
io
40 Line
t
ra
Room Condition
tu 15 80
Sa
30
10
10
20 70
5 Leaving
Evaporation
Section Outdoor Air 5
60
0 10 17 20 30 38 40 50
Figure 9-7 Psychrometrics of direct evaporative cooling.
ture will be tdb = 16°C and  = 90% rh. We can also calculate the condition as
follows:
Evaporative effect = (EATdb – EATwb) × Efficiency

22°C = (38°C – 15°C) × 0.95
LAT = EATdb – Evaporative effect
= 38°C – 22°C
= 16°C
where
EAT = entering air temperature
LAT = leaving air temperature
So, if the room has a high sensible load and a very low latent load, we can
keep the room conditions at tdb = 24°C and  = 60% rh with a fairly flat SHR line.
Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Indirect evaporative cooling is simply cooling the air with a cooling coil and
then using the evaporative process to cool the water that goes through the cool-
ing coil. By definition, then, indirect evaporative cooling is not as efficient as
direct evaporative cooling because two heat transfers take place in the process.
Take the direct evaporative cooling example: we can make 16°C water in this
process and we waste the cool air back to ambient. We take this 16°C water to a
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 Room
t
ra
Condition
tu
Sa 15 80
30
10
10
20 Leaving 70
5 Air
5
60
0 10 20 24 30 40 50
Figure 9-8 Psychrometrics of indirect evaporative cooling.
cooling coil and we can make tdb = 20°C air with tdb = 24°C air entering the
coil. Again, if our cooling load is mostly/all sensible and our airflow is high
enough, we can maintain the room at tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh. See Figure 9-
8 for the psychrometrics of the indirect evaporative cooling process.
However, when used together with 100% outdoor air, the leaving air tem-
perature can be lowered by 5°C. We use the same outdoor conditions of tdb =
38°C and  = 5% rh, but our efficiency is only 45% at best.
We can use the same formula as before so our indirect section can deliver

10°C = (38°C – 16°C) × 0.45

= 38°C – 10°C
= 28°C
Indirect evaporative cooling can be used in series with direct evaporative

cooling. Air from the indirect section can now enter the direct evaporative sec-
tion at tdb = 28°C and  = 10% rh and move up the wet-bulb line of 11.5°C
with a leaving air condition of tdb = 12°C and  = 90% rh. This is now a much
better leaving air condition, as we can easily maintain room conditions of tdb =
24°C and  = 50% rh.

16°C = (28°C – 11.5°C) × 0.95
80% 60% 40% 30

100
30
120
90
25
80 110
70 25
y
20
re
lp
Humidity Ratio
100
tu
ha
60
ra
t
En
pe
m
50 20 20%
Te
90
15
n
io
40 Room
t
ra
tu 15
Condition
80
Sa
30
10
10 SHR
20 70
5
5
Leaving Outdoor 60
Evaporation Indirect Air
Section
0 10 12 20 24 28 30 38 40 50
Figure 9-9 Psychrometrics of indirect and direct evaporative cooling in series.
Figure 9-10 Air handler with indirect and direct evaporative cooling sections.

= 28°C – 16°C
= 12°C
So, as you can see, the combination of both indirect and direct evaporative
cooling in series can deliver air that can provide for a comfortable room with-
out mechanical refrigeration.
See Figure 9-9 for a plot of indirect and direct evaporative cooling in series.
Figure 9-10 shows the component arrangement for an air handler with both
indirect and direct evaporative cooling. The waste air is the air that provides
cooling to the one side of the indirect heat exchanger.
Reference
ASHRAE. 2013. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013, Ventilation for accept-
able indoor air quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

9-1 A cooling tower needs to reject heat from 0.075 cu m/s of water entering at
35°C and leaving at 30°C. What is the total heat required to be rejected?
a) 1766 kW
b) 184 kW
c) 1610 kW
d) 1495 kW
9-2 From Exercise 9-1, if the cooling tower has an airflow of 47.2 m3/s and ambi-
ent air conditions of tdb = 30°C and twb = 24°C, what are the leaving air condi-
tions of the tower?
a) tdb = 30°C, twb = 28.5°C
b) tdb = 32°C, twb = 31°C
c) tdb = 31°C, twb = 30.5°C
d) tdb = 30°C, twb = 29.7°C
9-3 What is the cooling tower approach temperature for the cooling tower in Exer-
cise 9-2?
a) 3°C
b) 7°C
c) 4°C
d) 6°C
9-4 In the design of an indoor swimming pool, it is best to keep the swimming pool
water temperature and the room temperature as far apart as comfortably possi-
ble.
a) True
b) False
9-5 In a cleanroom with design conditions of tdb = 20°C and  = 40% rh, the
makeup air must be cooled to what dry-bulb temperature or the relative humid-
ity will not be met?
a) tdb = 12°C
b) tdb = 20°C
c) tdb = 5°C
d) tdb = 10°C
9-6 If we cool the air via direct evaporative cooling from tdb = 43°C and  = 2% rh,
what is the lowest leaving air temperature we can achieve?
a) tdb = 17°C
b) tdb = 20°C
c) tdb = 18°C
d) tdb = 12°C
9-7 In Exercise 9-6, if our evaporative efficiency is 80%, what are the leaving air
conditions?
a) tdb = 20°C and  = 70% rh
b) tdb = 22°C and  = 70% rh
c) tdb = 21°C and  = 58% rh
d) tdb = 25°C and  = 50% rh
9-8 In Exercises 9-6 and 9-7, if the room sensible heat ratio is 0.9, what is the
expected room relative humidity if the room is at tdb = 24°C?
a)  = 53% rh
b)  = 60% rh
c)  = 50% rh
d) Cannot maintain room at tdb = 24°C with this leaving condition
9-9 If we use the same outdoor conditions of tdb = 43°C and  = 2% rh from Exer-
cise 9-6 and an indirect evaporative cooling section of 40% efficiency, what are
the leaving air conditions from this section?
a) tdb = 33°C and  = 3% rh
b) tdb = 31°C and  = 20% rh
c) tdb = 35°C and  = 5% rh
d) tdb = 19°C and  = 5% rh
9-10 If we add a direct evaporative cooling section in series downstream of the indi-
rect section in Exercise 9-9 and the direct section has an efficiency of 70%,
what are the leaving air conditions?
a) tdb = 15°C and  = 95% rh
b) tdb = 15°C and  = 65% rh
c) tdb = 19°C and  = 60% rh
d) tdb = 19°C and  = 52% rh
Appendix A—
Thermodynamic
Properties of Moist Air
Table A-1 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure,
101.325 kPa
Temp., °C Humidity Ratio Specific Volume, m3/kgda Specific Enthalpy, kJ/kgda Specific Entropy, kJ/(kgda ·K) Temp., °C
t Ws , kgw /kgda vda vas vs hda has hs s s t
da s
–60 0.0000067 0.6027 0.0000 0.6027 –60.341 0.016 –60.325 –0.2494 –0.2494 –60
–59 0.0000076 0.6055 0.0000 0.6055 –59.335 0.018 –59.317 –0.2447 –0.2446 –59
–58 0.0000087 0.6084 0.0000 0.6084 –58.329 0.021 –58.308 –0.2400 –0.2399 –58
–57 0.0000100 0.6112 0.0000 0.6112 –57.323 0.024 –57.299 –0.2354 –0.2353 –57
–56 0.0000114 0.6141 0.0000 0.6141 –56.317 0.027 –56.289 –0.2307 –0.2306 –56
–55 0.0000129 0.6169 0.0000 0.6169 –55.311 0.031 –55.280 –0.2261 –0.2260 –55
–54 0.0000147 0.6198 0.0000 0.6198 –54.305 0.035 –54.269 –0.2215 –0.2213 –54
–53 0.0000167 0.6226 0.0000 0.6226 –53.299 0.040 –53.258 –0.2169 –0.2167 –53
–52 0.0000190 0.6255 0.0000 0.6255 –52.293 0.046 –52.247 –0.2124 –0.2121 –52
–51 0.0000215 0.6283 0.0000 0.6283 –51.287 0.052 –51.235 –0.2078 –0.2076 –51
–50 0.0000243 0.6312 0.0000 0.6312 –50.281 0.059 –50.222 –0.2033 –0.2030 –50
–49 0.0000275 0.6340 0.0000 0.6340 –49.275 0.066 –49.209 –0.1988 –0.1985 –49
–48 0.0000311 0.6369 0.0000 0.6369 –48.269 0.075 –48.194 –0.1943 –0.1940 –48
–47 0.0000350 0.6397 0.0000 0.6397 –47.263 0.085 –47.179 –0.1899 –0.1895 –47
–46 0.0000395 0.6425 0.0000 0.6426 –46.257 0.095 –46.162 –0.1854 –0.1850 –46
–45 0.0000445 0.6454 0.0000 0.6454 –45.252 0.107 –45.144 –0.1810 –0.1805 –45
–44 0.0000500 0.6482 0.0001 0.6483 –44.246 0.121 –44.125 –0.1766 –0.1761 –44
–43 0.0000562 0.6511 0.0001 0.6511 –43.240 0.136 –43.104 –0.1722 –0.1716 –43
–42 0.0000631 0.6539 0.0001 0.6540 –42.234 0.153 –42.081 –0.1679 –0.1672 –42
–41 0.0000708 0.6568 0.0001 0.6568 –41.229 0.172 –41.057 –0.1635 –0.1628 –41
–40 0.0000793 0.6596 0.0001 0.6597 –40.223 0.192 –40.031 –0.1592 –0.1583 –40
–39 0.0000887 0.6625 0.0001 0.6626 –39.217 0.215 –39.002 –0.1549 –0.1539 –39
–38 0.0000992 0.6653 0.0001 0.6654 –38.212 0.241 –37.970 –0.1506 –0.1495 –38
–37 0.0001108 0.6682 0.0001 0.6683 –37.206 0.269 –36.936 –0.1464 –0.1451 –37
–36 0.0001237 0.6710 0.0001 0.6711 –36.200 0.301 –35.899 –0.1421 –0.1408 –36
–35 0.0001379 0.6738 0.0001 0.6740 –35.195 0.336 –34.859 –0.1379 –0.1364 –35
–34 0.0001536 0.6767 0.0002 0.6769 –34.189 0.374 –33.815 –0.1337 –0.1320 –34
–33 0.0001710 0.6795 0.0002 0.6797 –33.183 0.417 –32.766 –0.1295 –0.1276 –33
–32 0.0001902 0.6824 0.0002 0.6826 –32.178 0.464 –31.714 –0.1253 –0.1232 –32
–31 0.0002113 0.6852 0.0002 0.6855 –31.172 0.516 –30.656 –0.1211 –0.1189 –31
–30 0.0002345 0.6881 0.0003 0.6883 –30.167 0.573 –29.593 –0.1170 –0.1145 –30
–29 0.0002602 0.6909 0.0003 0.6912 –29.161 0.636 –28.525 –0.1129 –0.1101 –29
–28 0.0002883 0.6938 0.0003 0.6941 –28.156 0.706 –27.450 –0.1088 –0.1057 –28
–27 0.0003193 0.6966 0.0004 0.6970 –27.150 0.782 –26.368 –0.1047 –0.1013 –27
–26 0.0003532 0.6994 0.0004 0.6998 –26.144 0.866 –25.278 –0.1006 –0.0969 –26
–25 0.0003905 0.7023 0.0004 0.7027 –25.139 0.958 –24.181 –0.0965 –0.0924 –25
–24 0.0004314 0.7051 0.0005 0.7056 –24.133 1.059 –23.074 –0.0925 –0.0880 –24
–23 0.0004761 0.7080 0.0005 0.7085 –23.128 1.170 –21.958 –0.0884 –0.0835 –23
–22 0.0005251 0.7108 0.0006 0.7114 –22.122 1.291 –20.831 –0.0844 –0.0790 –22
–21 0.0005787 0.7137 0.0007 0.7143 –21.117 1.424 –19.693 –0.0804 –0.0745 –21
–20 0.0006373 0.7165 0.0007 0.7172 –20.111 1.570 –18.542 –0.0765 –0.0699 –20
–19 0.0007013 0.7193 0.0008 0.7201 –19.106 1.728 –17.377 –0.0725 –0.0653 –19
–18 0.0007711 0.7222 0.0009 0.7231 –18.100 1.902 –16.198 –0.0685 –0.0607 –18
–17 0.0008473 0.7250 0.0010 0.7260 –17.095 2.091 –15.003 –0.0646 –0.0560 –17
–16 0.0009303 0.7279 0.0011 0.7290 –16.089 2.298 –13.791 –0.0607 –0.0513 –16
–15 0.0010207 0.7307 0.0012 0.7319 –15.084 2.523 –12.560 –0.0568 –0.0465 –15
–14 0.0011191 0.7336 0.0013 0.7349 –14.078 2.769 –11.310 –0.0529 –0.0416 –14
–13 0.0012261 0.7364 0.0014 0.7378 –13.073 3.036 –10.037 –0.0490 –0.0367 –13
–12 0.0013425 0.7392 0.0016 0.7408 –12.067 3.326 –8.741 –0.0452 –0.0317 –12
–11 0.0014689 0.7421 0.0017 0.7438 –11.062 3.642 –7.419 –0.0413 –0.0267 –11
–10 0.0016062 0.7449 0.0019 0.7468 –10.056 3.986 –6.070 –0.0375 –0.0215 –10
102 Appendix A Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air

101.325 kPa (Continued)
da s
–9 0.0017551 0.7478 0.0021 0.7499 –9.050 4.358 –4.692 –0.0337 –0.0163 –9

–8 0.0019166 0.7506 0.0023 0.7529 –8.045 4.763 –3.282 –0.0299 –0.0110 –8
–7 0.0020916 0.7534 0.0025 0.7560 –7.039 5.202 –1.838 –0.0261 –0.0055 –7
–6 0.0022812 0.7563 0.0028 0.7591 –6.034 5.677 –0.356 –0.0223 0.0000 –6
–5 0.0024863 0.7591 0.0030 0.7622 –5.028 6.193 1.164 –0.0186 0.0057 –5
–4 0.0027083 0.7620 0.0033 0.7653 –4.023 6.750 2.728 –0.0148 0.0115 –4
–3 0.0029482 0.7648 0.0036 0.7684 –3.017 7.354 4.337 –0.0111 0.0175 –3
–2 0.0032076 0.7677 0.0039 0.7716 –2.011 8.007 5.995 –0.0074 0.0236 –2
–1 0.0034877 0.7705 0.0043 0.7748 –1.006 8.712 7.707 –0.0037 0.0299 –1
0 0.0037900 0.7733 0.0047 0.7780 0.000 9.475 9.475 0.0000 0.0364 0
1 0.004076 0.7762 0.0051 0.7813 1.006 10.198 11.203 0.0037 0.0427 1
2 0.004382 0.7790 0.0055 0.7845 2.011 10.970 12.981 0.0073 0.0492 2
3 0.004708 0.7819 0.0059 0.7878 3.017 11.794 14.811 0.0110 0.0559 3
4 0.005055 0.7847 0.0064 0.7911 4.023 12.673 16.696 0.0146 0.0627 4
5 0.005425 0.7875 0.0068 0.7944 5.029 13.611 18.639 0.0182 0.0697 5
6 0.005819 0.7904 0.0074 0.7978 6.034 14.610 20.644 0.0219 0.0769 6
7 0.006238 0.7932 0.0079 0.8012 7.040 15.674 22.714 0.0254 0.0843 7
8 0.006684 0.7961 0.0085 0.8046 8.046 16.807 24.853 0.0290 0.0919 8
9 0.007158 0.7989 0.0092 0.8081 9.052 18.013 27.065 0.0326 0.0997 9
10 0.007663 0.8017 0.0098 0.8116 10.058 19.297 29.354 0.0362 0.1078 10
11 0.008199 0.8046 0.0106 0.8152 11.063 20.661 31.724 0.0397 0.1162 11
12 0.008768 0.8074 0.0113 0.8188 12.069 22.111 34.181 0.0432 0.1248 12
13 0.009372 0.8103 0.0122 0.8224 13.075 23.653 36.728 0.0468 0.1337 13
14 0.010013 0.8131 0.0131 0.8262 14.081 25.290 39.371 0.0503 0.1430 14
15 0.010694 0.8159 0.0140 0.8299 15.087 27.028 42.115 0.0538 0.1525 15
16 0.011415 0.8188 0.0150 0.8338 16.093 28.873 44.966 0.0573 0.1624 16
17 0.012181 0.8216 0.0160 0.8377 17.099 30.830 47.929 0.0607 0.1726 17
18 0.012991 0.8245 0.0172 0.8416 18.105 32.906 51.011 0.0642 0.1832 18
19 0.013851 0.8273 0.0184 0.8457 19.111 35.107 54.219 0.0676 0.1942 19
20 0.014761 0.8301 0.0196 0.8498 20.117 37.441 57.558 0.0711 0.2057 20
21 0.015724 0.8330 0.0210 0.8540 21.124 39.914 61.037 0.0745 0.2175 21
22 0.016744 0.8358 0.0224 0.8583 22.130 42.533 64.663 0.0779 0.2298 22
23 0.017823 0.8387 0.0240 0.8626 23.136 45.308 68.444 0.0813 0.2426 23
24 0.018965 0.8415 0.0256 0.8671 24.142 48.245 72.388 0.0847 0.2560 24
25 0.020173 0.8443 0.0273 0.8716 25.148 51.355 76.503 0.0881 0.2698 25
26 0.021451 0.8472 0.0291 0.8763 26.155 54.646 80.801 0.0915 0.2842 26
27 0.022802 0.8500 0.0311 0.8811 27.161 58.128 85.289 0.0948 0.2992 27
28 0.024229 0.8529 0.0331 0.8860 28.167 61.812 89.979 0.0982 0.3148 28
29 0.025738 0.8557 0.0353 0.8910 29.174 65.708 94.882 0.1015 0.3311 29
30 0.027333 0.8585 0.0376 0.8961 30.180 69.829 100.009 0.1048 0.3481 30
31 0.029018 0.8614 0.0400 0.9014 31.187 74.185 105.372 0.1081 0.3658 31
32 0.030797 0.8642 0.0426 0.9069 32.193 78.791 110.985 0.1115 0.3843 32
33 0.032677 0.8671 0.0454 0.9124 33.200 83.660 116.860 0.1147 0.4035 33
34 0.034663 0.8699 0.0483 0.9182 34.207 88.806 123.013 0.1180 0.4236 34
35 0.036760 0.8727 0.0514 0.9241 35.213 94.245 129.458 0.1213 0.4447 35
36 0.038975 0.8756 0.0547 0.9302 36.220 99.993 136.213 0.1246 0.4666 36
37 0.041313 0.8784 0.0581 0.9365 37.227 106.068 143.294 0.1278 0.4895 37
38 0.043783 0.8813 0.0618 0.9430 38.233 112.487 150.720 0.1311 0.5135 38
39 0.046391 0.8841 0.0657 0.9498 39.240 119.270 158.510 0.1343 0.5386 39
40 0.049145 0.8869 0.0698 0.9567 40.247 126.438 166.685 0.1375 0.5650 40
41 0.052053 0.8898 0.0741 0.9639 41.254 134.014 175.268 0.1407 0.5925 41
42 0.055124 0.8926 0.0788 0.9714 42.261 142.021 184.282 0.1439 0.6213 42
43 0.058368 0.8955 0.0837 0.9791 43.268 150.483 193.751 0.1471 0.6514 43
44 0.061795 0.8983 0.0888 0.9871 44.275 159.429 203.704 0.1503 0.6830 44
45 0.065416 0.9011 0.0943 0.9955 45.282 168.887 214.169 0.1535 0.7162 45
46 0.069242 0.9040 0.1002 1.0041 46.289 178.889 225.178 0.1566 0.7509 46
47 0.073286 0.9068 0.1063 1.0131 47.297 189.466 236.763 0.1598 0.7874 47
48 0.077561 0.9096 0.1129 1.0225 48.304 200.656 248.960 0.1629 0.8256 48
49 0.082081 0.9125 0.1198 1.0323 49.311 212.497 261.808 0.1660 0.8658 49
50 0.086863 0.9153 0.1272 1.0425 50.319 225.030 275.349 0.1692 0.9081 50
51 0.091922 0.9182 0.1350 1.0531 51.326 238.300 289.627 0.1723 0.9525 51
52 0.097278 0.9210 0.1433 1.0643 52.334 252.357 304.690 0.1754 0.9993 52
53 0.102949 0.9238 0.1521 1.0759 53.341 267.251 320.592 0.1785 1.0485 53
54 0.108958 0.9267 0.1614 1.0881 54.349 283.041 337.389 0.1816 1.1003 54
55 0.115326 0.9295 0.1714 1.1009 55.356 299.788 355.144 0.1846 1.1549 55
56 0.122080 0.9324 0.1819 1.1143 56.364 317.560 373.924 0.1877 1.2126 56
57 0.129248 0.9352 0.1932 1.1284 57.372 336.431 393.803 0.1908 1.2734 57
58 0.136858 0.9380 0.2051 1.1432 58.380 356.482 414.862 0.1938 1.3377 58
59 0.144945 0.9409 0.2179 1.1587 59.388 377.800 437.188 0.1968 1.4056 59
60 0.153545 0.9437 0.2315 1.1752 60.396 400.484 460.880 0.1999 1.4775 60
61 0.162697 0.9465 0.2460 1.1925 61.404 424.641 486.044 0.2029 1.5537 61
62 0.172446 0.9494 0.2615 1.2108 62.412 450.388 512.799 0.2059 1.6345 62

101.325 kPa (Continued)
da s
63 0.182842 0.9522 0.2780 1.2302 63.420 477.856 541.276 0.2089 1.7203 63

64 0.193937 0.9551 0.2957 1.2508 64.428 507.192 571.620 0.2119 1.8114 64
65 0.205794 0.9579 0.3147 1.2726 65.436 538.557 603.993 0.2149 1.9084 65
66 0.218478 0.9607 0.3350 1.2957 66.445 572.131 638.576 0.2179 2.0117 66
67 0.232067 0.9636 0.3568 1.3204 67.453 608.118 675.572 0.2208 2.1220 67
68 0.246645 0.9664 0.3803 1.3467 68.462 646.746 715.208 0.2238 2.2398 68
69 0.262309 0.9692 0.4056 1.3748 69.470 688.271 757.741 0.2268 2.3659 69
70 0.279167 0.9721 0.4328 1.4049 70.479 732.985 803.464 0.2297 2.5011 70
71 0.297343 0.9749 0.4622 1.4372 71.488 781.220 852.707 0.2326 2.6464 71
72 0.316979 0.9778 0.4941 1.4719 72.496 833.353 905.850 0.2356 2.8028 72
73 0.338237 0.9806 0.5287 1.5093 73.505 889.821 963.326 0.2385 2.9715 73
74 0.361304 0.9834 0.5663 1.5497 74.514 951.124 1025.638 0.2414 3.1539 74
75 0.386399 0.9863 0.6072 1.5935 75.523 1017.843 1093.367 0.2443 3.3517 75
76 0.413774 0.9891 0.6520 1.6411 76.532 1090.659 1167.191 0.2472 3.5668 76
77 0.443727 0.9919 0.7010 1.6930 77.542 1170.366 1247.907 0.2501 3.8014 77
78 0.476610 0.9948 0.7550 1.7497 78.551 1257.907 1336.458 0.2529 4.0581 78
79 0.512842 0.9976 0.8145 1.8121 79.560 1354.402 1433.962 0.2558 4.3401 79
80 0.552926 1.0005 0.8805 1.8809 80.569 1461.196 1541.765 0.2587 4.6511 80
81 0.597470 1.0033 0.9539 1.9572 81.579 1579.917 1661.496 0.2615 4.9956 81
82 0.647218 1.0061 1.0360 2.0421 82.589 1712.556 1795.145 0.2644 5.3794 82
83 0.703089 1.0090 1.1283 2.1373 83.598 1861.573 1945.171 0.2672 5.8091 83
84 0.766233 1.0118 1.2328 2.2446 84.608 2030.041 2114.649 0.2701 6.2933 84
85 0.838105 1.0146 1.3519 2.3665 85.618 2221.858 2307.476 0.2729 6.8430 85
86 0.920580 1.0175 1.4887 2.5062 86.628 2442.035 2528.662 0.2757 7.4721 86
87 1.016105 1.0203 1.6473 2.6676 87.638 2697.127 2784.764 0.2785 8.1987 87
88 1.127952 1.0232 1.8332 2.8564 88.648 2995.880 3084.528 0.2813 9.0472 88
89 1.260579 1.0260 2.0539 3.0799 89.658 3350.228 3439.885 0.2841 10.0508 89
90 1.420235 1.0288 2.3198 3.3487 90.668 3776.888 3867.556 0.2869 11.2558 90
Appendix B—
Dimensions, Units, and
Unit Conversion Factors
Table B-1 Dimensions and Units Used in Air-Conditioning Applications
Dimension SI Unit I-P Unit
Acceleration m/s2 ft/s2
Area m2 ft2
Density kg/m3 lbm/ft3
Energy N·m, joule (J) Btu, ft·lb
Force (kg·m)/s2, newton (N) pound (lbf)
Length metre (m) foot (ft)
Mass kilogram (kg) pound mass (lbm)
Power J/s, watt (W) Btu/h
Pressure N/m2, pascal (Pa) pounds per square inch (psi)
Specific heat J/(kg·°C), J/(kg·K) Btu/lbm·°F
Time second (s) second (s)
Temperature (absolute) kelvin (K) degree Rankine (°R)
Temperature degree Celsius (°C) degree Fahrenheit (°F)
Thermal conductivity W/(m·°C), W/(m·K) Btu/h·ft·°F
Thermal flux density W/m2 Btu/h·ft2
Velocity m/s ft/s, ft/min, fpm
Volume m3 ft3
Volume flow rate m3/s ft3/s, ft3/min, cfm
106 Appendix B Dimensions, Units, and Unit Conversion Factors
Table B-2 Unit Conversion Factors

Dimension SI Unit I-P Unit
Length 1 m = 3.281 ft 1 ft = 0.305 m
Area 1 m2 = 10.76 ft2 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2
Volume 1 m3 = 35.32 ft3 1 ft3 = 0.0284 m3
1 m3 = 1000 L 1 ft3 = 7.481 gal
Mass 1 kg = 2.205 lbm 1 lbm = 0.454 kg
Force 1 N = 0.2248 lbf 1 lbf = 4.448 N
Energy 1 kJ = 0.9478 Btu 1 Btu = 778.2 ft·lbf = 1.055 kJ
1 J = 0.7376 ft·lbf 1 ft·lbf = 1.356 J
1 kWh = 3.412 × 103 Btu 1 Btu = 2.930 × 10–4 kWh
Specific energy,
1 kJ/kg = 0.4298 Btu/lbm 1 Btu/lbm = 2.326 kJ/kg
Specific enthalpy
Power 1 W = 3.412 Btu/h 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
1 kW = 1.341 hp 1 hp = 2545 Btu/h = 0.746 kW
1 kW = 0.2844 ton refrigeration 1 ton = 12,000 Btu/h = 3.517 kW
Pressure 1 Pa = 1.450 × 10–4 psi 1 psi = 6.897 × 103 Pa
1 atm = 101 kPa 1 atm = 14.7 psi = 29.92 in. Hg
Temperature 1°C T = 9/5°F T 1°F T = 5/9°C T
y°C = [(9/5)y + 32]°F y°F = (y – 32)(5/9)°C
K = °C + 273.15 °R = °F + 459.67
Velocity 1 m/s = 1.969 × 102 ft/min 1 ft/min = 5.079 × 10–3 m/s
Mass density 1 kg/m3 = 6.243 × 10–2 lbm/ft3 1 lbm/ft3 = 16.02 kg/m3
Mass flow rate 1 kg/s = 2.205 lbm/s 1 lbm/s = 0.4535 kg/s
1 kg/s = 7.937 × 103 lbm/h 1 lbm/h = 1.260 × 10–4 kg/s
Volume flow rate 1 m3/s = 2.119 × 103 cfm 1 cfm = 4.719 × 10–4 m3/s
1 m3/s = 1.585 × 104 gal/min 1 gal/min = 6.309 × 10–5 m3/s
Thermal conductivity 1 W/(m·°C) = 0.5778 Btu/h·ft·°F 1 Btu/h·ft·°F = 1.731 W/(m·°C)
Heat transfer coefficient 1 W/(m2·°C) = 0.1761 Btu/h·ft2·°F 1 Btu/h·ft2·°F = 5.679 W/(m2·°C)
Specific heat 1 J/(kg·°C) = 2.389 × 10–4 Btu/lbm·°F 1 Btu/lbm·°F = 4.186 × 103 J/(kg·°C)
Appendix C—
Climatic Design
Information
The climatic design information in this appendix is from Chapter 14 of the
2013 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals.
108
Meaning of acronyms: Lat: Latitude, ° Long: Longitude, ° Elev: Elevation, m

DB: Dry bulb temperature, °C WB: Wet bulb temperature, °C DP: Dew point temperature, °C HR: Humidity ratio, g of moisture per kg of dry air WS: Wind speed, m/s
MCWB: Mean coincident wet bulb temperature, °C MCDB: Mean coincident dry bulb temperature, °C HDD and CDD 18.3: Annual heating and cooling degree-days, base 18.3°C, °C-day
Cooling DB/MCWB Evaporation WB/MCDB Dehumidification DP/HR/MCDB Extreme Heat./Cool.

Heating DB
Station Lat Long Elev 0.4% 1% 2% 0.4% 1% 0.4% 1% Annual WS Degree-Days
99.6% 99% DB / MCWB DB / MCWB DB / MCWB WB / MCDB WB / MCDB DP / HR / MCDB DP / HR / MCDB 1% 2.5% 5% HDD / CDD 18.3
United States of America 542 sites, 864 more on CD-ROM
Alabama 11 sites, 7 more on CD-ROM
AUBURN OPELIKA ROBE 32.62N 85.43W 237 -4.7 -2.5 34.4 23.5 33.0 23.5 32.3 23.3 25.5 31.3 25.0 30.7 24.0 19.4 27.7 23.1 18.3 26.9 7.9 6.9 5.8 1321 1085
BIRMINGHAM MUNI 33.56N 86.75W 192 -6.4 -4.0 35.3 23.9 33.9 23.6 32.7 23.5 25.8 31.4 25.3 30.9 24.4 19.8 28.1 23.8 19.0 27.6 8.2 7.4 6.5 1474 1119
CAIRNS AAF 31.28N 85.71W 92 -3.0 -1.1 35.7 25.0 34.6 24.7 33.4 24.5 27.3 31.9 26.6 31.3 26.2 21.8 29.1 25.2 20.6 28.2 7.5 6.4 5.5 992 1373
DOTHAN RGNL 31.32N 85.45W 108 -2.5 -0.7 35.9 24.5 34.1 24.1 33.0 24.0 26.6 32.1 25.9 31.3 25.2 20.6 28.5 24.6 19.8 28.1 8.6 7.8 6.9 968 1396
GADSDEN MUNI 33.97N 86.08W 173 -7.5 -5.9 34.2 23.7 32.9 23.6 32.2 23.5 25.6 31.7 25.1 31.1 23.8 19.1 28.7 23.0 18.1 27.8 7.5 6.3 5.5 1787 881
HUNTSVILLE/MADISON 34.64N 86.79W 196 -7.5 -5.3 35.1 23.9 33.8 23.7 32.6 23.4 25.8 31.3 25.3 30.9 24.4 19.8 28.1 23.8 19.1 27.6 9.3 8.3 7.5 1718 1011
MAXWELL AFB 32.38N 86.36W 52 -2.8 -1.0 36.3 24.8 35.2 24.8 34.1 24.6 27.0 32.9 26.5 32.3 25.6 20.9 29.4 25.0 20.2 29.0 8.0 7.0 5.9 1054 1453
MOBILE/BATES FIELD 30.69N 88.25W 67 -2.4 -0.5 34.3 25.0 33.3 24.7 32.5 24.5 26.7 31.4 26.2 30.7 25.5 20.9 28.6 25.0 20.3 28.1 9.0 8.1 7.3 918 1388
MONTGOMERY/DANNELLY 32.30N 86.39W 62 -4.3 -2.4 36.0 24.5 34.7 24.4 33.7 24.3 26.5 32.6 25.9 31.8 24.9 20.1 29.0 24.3 19.4 28.4 8.3 7.4 6.4 1194 1289
NORTHWEST ALABAMA R 34.75N 87.61W 171 -7.2 -4.9 35.8 24.1 34.1 23.8 32.9 23.7 26.0 32.1 25.4 31.5 24.3 19.6 28.4 23.8 19.1 28.0 8.4 7.5 6.6 1692 1042
TUSCALOOSA RGNL 33.21N 87.62W 57 -5.6 -3.2 36.1 24.4 34.6 24.4 33.5 24.2 26.4 32.6 25.8 31.8 24.9 20.1 28.5 24.2 19.2 28.1 7.7 6.6 5.8 1376 1202
Alaska 7 sites, 87 more on CD-ROM
FAIRBANKS INTL ARPT 64.82N 147.86W 138 -42.0 -39.1 27.4 16.1 25.7 15.5 23.8 14.8 17.3 25.0 16.4 23.5 14.7 10.6 18.5 13.7 9.9 18.0 7.7 6.7 5.5 7509 40
FT. RICHARDSON/BRYA 61.27N 149.65W 115 -28.7 -25.5 23.8 15.7 22.0 14.9 20.1 13.9 16.5 22.6 15.4 20.8 13.5 9.8 18.6 12.7 9.3 17.0 8.6 6.5 5.2 5932 3
ANCHORAGE/ELMENDORF 61.25N 149.79W 65 -26.3 -23.5 23.3 14.7 22.0 14.3 20.0 13.5 16.0 21.1 15.2 19.6 14.1 10.1 16.2 13.0 9.4 15.7 8.5 7.1 5.7 5729 6
ANCHORAGE LAKE HOOD 61.18N 149.96W 40 -22.6 -20.0 23.3 15.3 21.7 14.6 19.9 13.9 16.2 22.0 15.3 20.0 13.7 9.8 17.3 12.8 9.3 16.9 8.3 7.2 5.8 5424 9
ANCHORAGE INTL ARPT 61.18N 149.99W 40 -22.9 -20.4 21.9 15.0 20.1 14.1 18.8 13.5 15.8 20.5 14.9 19.0 13.6 9.7 17.0 12.9 9.3 16.4 9.3 8.3 7.4 5623 3
MERRILL FLD 61.22N 149.86W 42 -24.0 -22.1 22.8 15.2 21.3 14.6 19.9 13.9 16.3 21.3 15.4 19.8 14.0 10.0 17.3 13.1 9.4 16.7 6.8 5.5 4.7 5581 6
JUNEAU 58.36N 134.58W 7 -15.3 -12.8 23.2 15.3 21.2 14.5 19.2 13.7 16.2 21.8 15.3 19.7 14.0 10.0 16.6 13.3 9.5 15.9 11.9 10.6 8.8 4613 2
Arizona 9 sites, 12 more on CD-ROM
CASA GRANDE MUNI 32.96N 111.77W 446 0.0 1.8 42.5 20.8 41.6 20.6 40.5 20.4 23.2 34.7 22.8 34.8 21.0 16.6 26.3 19.4 14.9 26.6 9.2 7.9 6.7 838 1969
DAVIS MONTHAN AFB 32.17N 110.88W 824 0.2 2.1 41.0 18.2 39.8 18.2 38.0 18.0 22.9 28.4 22.4 29.2 22.1 18.6 24.8 20.9 17.3 24.8 9.1 8.0 7.2 781 1858
FLAGSTAFF AIRPORT 35.14N 111.67W 2139 -15.6 -12.5 29.9 13.1 28.5 12.8 27.3 12.7 16.3 22.8 15.6 22.5 14.4 13.3 17.6 13.6 12.6 17.4 10.6 8.8 7.7 3794 68
Appendix C Climatic Design Information
LUKE AFB 33.54N 112.38W 331 1.8 3.2 43.9 21.6 42.6 21.5 41.3 21.4 25.0 36.5 24.3 35.8 22.3 17.7 28.2 21.3 16.6 28.7 8.9 7.7 6.5 663 2211
PHOENIX/SKY HARBOR 33.44N 111.99W 337 3.7 5.3 43.5 20.9 42.4 20.8 41.3 20.7 24.4 35.4 23.9 35.2 21.8 17.2 27.9 20.8 16.1 29.1 8.3 7.2 5.8 513 2570
ERNEST A LOVE FLD 34.65N 112.42W 1540 -8.0 -6.3 34.7 16.0 33.1 15.7 32.2 15.5 19.2 27.4 18.5 26.7 17.3 14.9 21.3 16.3 14.0 21.1 9.4 8.3 7.5 2319 546
TUCSON INTL 32.13N 110.96W 779 -0.2 1.3 41.1 19.0 39.8 18.9 38.6 18.7 22.6 31.4 22.1 31.1 20.7 17.0 24.5 20.0 16.2 24.8 9.6 8.4 7.5 787 1818
YUMA INTL AIRPORT 32.65N 114.60W 63 5.5 7.1 43.7 23.2 42.6 23.0 41.5 22.6 26.6 36.0 25.8 35.6 24.2 19.2 30.8 23.2 18.2 31.2 9.3 8.2 7.3 370 2627
YUMA MCAS 32.62N 114.60W 65 5.3 7.0 43.8 22.8 42.7 22.7 41.8 22.4 26.5 35.9 25.7 35.4 24.1 19.1 30.6 23.0 17.9 31.1 9.3 8.2 7.3 369 2621
Arkansas 11 sites, 15 more on CD-ROM
BENTONVILLE MUNI THA 36.35N 94.22W 395 -12.1 -8.9 34.8 23.7 32.9 23.9 32.2 23.6 25.3 32.1 24.7 31.2 23.0 18.6 29.1 22.6 18.2 28.6 8.7 7.8 7.0 2247 762
DRAKE FLD 36.01N 94.17W 384 -12.2 -8.8 35.1 23.9 33.6 23.7 32.3 23.5 25.5 31.9 24.9 31.2 23.7 19.4 28.5 22.9 18.5 27.9 9.2 8.4 7.7 2165 791
FORT SMITH MUNI 35.33N 94.37W 141 -8.3 -5.7 37.5 24.8 36.0 24.7 34.4 24.5 26.5 33.6 25.9 32.9 24.7 20.0 29.3 24.1 19.3 28.8 9.2 8.1 7.2 1754 1145
JONESBORO MUNI 35.83N 90.65W 84 -8.8 -7.0 36.1 25.0 34.5 24.6 33.3 24.3 26.8 32.9 26.1 32.3 25.1 20.4 29.8 24.1 19.2 29.0 9.8 8.5 7.7 1947 1084
ADAMS FLD 34.75N 92.23W 78 -7.0 -4.5 37.0 25.1 35.3 25.2 34.0 24.7 26.8 33.3 26.2 32.8 25.1 20.4 29.6 24.5 19.7 29.1 8.4 7.6 6.9 1621 1206
LITTLE ROCK AFB 34.92N 92.15W 95 -8.0 -5.7 37.5 25.2 36.0 25.3 34.4 25.0 27.3 33.5 26.7 32.9 25.9 21.5 30.0 25.1 20.4 29.6 8.0 6.8 5.8 1727 1149
LITTLE ROCK/ADAMS F 34.83N 92.25W 173 -7.5 -4.8 35.2 24.8 33.9 24.6 32.7 24.2 26.2 32.4 25.6 31.6 24.5 19.8 29.3 23.9 19.2 28.8 8.3 7.4 6.6 1754 1077
GRIDER FLD 34.18N 91.94W 65 -5.9 -3.6 36.3 25.2 35.0 25.2 33.9 24.9 26.9 33.3 26.3 32.8 25.2 20.4 29.9 24.4 19.6 29.4 8.4 7.6 6.9 1500 1239
ROGERS MUNI CARTER F 36.37N 94.10W 412 -12.2 -8.9 34.1 23.1 32.8 23.3 31.9 23.1 25.1 31.2 24.4 30.2 23.0 18.6 27.7 22.6 18.2 27.4 9.7 8.5 7.6 2244 769
SMITH FLD 36.19N 94.48W 364 -12.0 -8.8 35.3 23.7 33.7 23.6 32.3 23.4 25.3 32.3 24.7 31.3 22.9 18.5 29.2 22.6 18.0 28.8 10.4 9.0 8.1 2206 801
TEXARKANA RGNL WEBB 33.45N 94.01W 122 -4.9 -2.7 37.1 24.6 35.7 24.6 34.2 24.5 26.4 33.0 25.9 32.3 24.8 20.1 29.0 24.2 19.4 28.6 8.4 7.6 6.7 1356 1297
California 55 sites, 38 more on CD-ROM
ALAMEDA(USN) 37.73N 122.32W 4 4.4 5.6 28.3 18.2 26.1 17.5 24.1 16.9 19.1 25.9 18.4 24.5 16.8 12.0 20.3 16.1 11.5 19.8 9.2 8.3 7.5 1169 116
BAKERSFIELD/MEADOWS 35.43N 119.06W 150 0.1 1.6 39.3 21.7 38.0 20.8 36.8 20.3 23.1 36.4 22.2 35.4 18.4 13.5 30.8 17.2 12.5 29.6 8.2 7.1 5.9 1164 1252
BEALE AFB 39.14N 121.44W 34 0.1 1.6 38.2 21.4 36.7 20.7 35.0 20.0 22.8 35.6 21.8 34.2 18.0 13.0 28.7 17.2 12.4 27.5 9.7 8.3 7.1 1309 851
BURBANK/GLENDALE 34.20N 118.36W 223 3.7 5.0 36.5 19.7 34.3 19.3 32.7 19.0 22.5 32.0 21.6 30.8 19.2 14.3 25.2 18.7 13.9 24.6 8.2 6.8 5.7 752 791
CAMARILLO 34.22N 119.10W 23 2.8 4.0 29.9 16.8 27.7 17.2 26.3 17.5 20.7 25.9 19.9 25.1 18.7 13.5 23.7 17.7 12.7 22.1 11.2 9.0 7.3 1040 208
CAMP PENDLETON MCAS 33.30N 117.35W 24 0.2 2.0 33.4 19.0 31.1 18.7 29.0 18.6 22.0 28.7 21.3 27.8 19.8 14.6 24.8 18.9 13.7 24.5 7.5 6.4 5.6 980 386
MC CLELLAN PALOMAR 33.13N 117.28W 100 6.1 7.2 28.0 17.0 27.1 17.5 25.1 17.7 21.1 24.8 20.4 24.0 19.2 14.1 22.9 18.9 13.9 22.7 6.2 5.4 4.8 945 267
CASTLE AFB/MERCED 37.37N 120.57W 60 -0.8 0.3 37.5 21.1 36.1 20.7 34.7 20.2 22.4 34.9 21.6 34.1 17.6 12.7 29.1 16.6 11.9 28.8 8.1 6.6 5.6 1461 819
EL TORO MCAS 33.68N 117.73W 117 4.9 6.6 33.2 19.7 31.3 19.5 29.6 19.1 21.9 29.8 21.2 28.9 19.0 14.0 26.0 18.2 13.3 25.1 6.7 5.4 4.6 634 593
FRESNO AIR TERMINAL 36.78N 119.72W 100 -0.3 0.9 39.7 21.6 38.2 20.7 37.0 20.1 23.0 36.4 22.2 35.1 18.5 13.5 29.8 17.3 12.6 28.9 8.1 7.3 6.4 1259 1165
FULLERTON MUNICIPAL 33.87N 117.98W 29 4.0 6.0 34.1 19.4 32.6 19.3 31.1 19.3 22.4 30.3 21.7 29.1 19.8 14.5 26.5 18.8 13.7 25.6 5.8 4.9 4.6 668 689
S CALIF LOGISTICS 34.60N 117.38W 879 -2.5 -0.9 38.2 18.5 36.9 18.2 35.6 17.7 21.0 31.4 20.2 31.2 18.1 14.5 25.0 16.6 13.2 25.9 10.0 8.4 7.5 1478 1062
HAYWARD AIR TERM 37.66N 122.12W 14 2.7 3.9 31.0 18.7 27.9 17.9 26.0 17.3 19.9 27.9 18.9 26.2 17.1 12.2 22.8 16.2 11.5 21.1 8.8 7.9 7.2 1429 160

Heating DB
IMPERIAL CO 32.83N 115.58W -17 2.1 3.0 44.0 22.7 42.8 22.6 42.1 22.5 27.3 36.3 26.5 36.0 25.1 20.1 31.4 23.9 18.7 31.7 11.7 9.8 8.4 527 2305
JACK NORTHROP FLD H 33.92N 118.33W 19 7.0 7.6 31.2 17.3 28.7 17.4 27.3 17.5 21.0 26.4 20.4 25.5 19.0 13.8 23.5 18.0 13.0 22.2 7.3 6.2 5.6 631 434
LANCASTER/FOX FIELD 34.74N 118.22W 713 -5.9 -4.0 39.1 18.9 37.8 18.0 36.5 17.5 20.3 35.5 19.5 34.9 14.8 11.4 27.0 13.2 10.3 26.3 13.2 12.1 11.2 1641 1017
LEMOORE NAS 36.33N 119.95W 71 -2.0 -0.1 39.5 22.0 37.9 21.2 36.9 20.6 23.7 36.4 22.6 35.4 19.1 14.0 31.8 17.7 12.8 30.0 9.1 7.7 6.7 1256 1012
LIVERMORE MUNICIPAL 37.69N 121.82W 121 -1.0 0.8 37.2 19.9 34.9 19.2 32.7 18.4 21.1 34.5 20.1 32.6 16.2 11.7 25.2 15.1 10.9 23.1 8.7 8.0 7.3 1541 442
LOMPOC 34.67N 120.47W 27 0.4 2.0 27.5 16.0 25.1 16.1 23.1 15.7 18.5 24.1 17.7 23.0 16.3 11.6 20.6 15.2 10.9 19.9 9.1 8.3 7.7 1577 29
LONG BEACH/LB AIRP. 33.83N 118.16W 12 5.2 6.4 32.8 19.3 30.9 19.2 28.9 18.8 22.2 28.4 21.4 27.2 20.3 15.0 24.4 19.4 14.2 23.8 7.6 6.5 5.6 661 590
LOS ANGELES INTL 33.94N 118.41W 99 7.0 8.0 28.7 17.4 26.9 17.5 25.3 17.9 21.1 25.1 20.4 24.2 19.6 14.5 23.2 18.9 13.9 22.5 8.9 7.8 7.1 719 323
RIVERSIDE/MARCH AFB 33.90N 117.25W 468 0.0 2.0 37.9 19.4 37.1 19.2 35.3 18.7 21.9 34.1 21.2 32.8 18.8 14.4 23.5 17.7 13.4 22.7 8.0 6.9 5.7 1034 883
MC CLELLAN AFLD 38.67N 121.40W 23 -0.5 1.1 38.9 21.2 37.4 20.7 35.6 20.0 22.4 36.4 21.5 35.2 17.4 12.4 26.8 16.3 11.6 26.3 9.1 7.6 6.4 1261 892
MODESTO CITY CO HAR 37.63N 120.95W 30 -0.5 1.0 38.7 21.3 37.1 20.3 35.4 19.7 22.3 35.9 21.3 34.7 17.2 12.3 29.4 16.1 11.5 27.4 8.6 7.6 6.9 1326 901
MONTEREY PENINSULA 36.59N 121.85W 67 2.6 3.8 26.1 15.7 22.9 15.1 22.0 14.9 17.1 22.4 16.5 21.2 15.1 10.8 18.1 14.1 10.1 17.6 7.6 6.6 5.7 1823 27
MOUNTAIN VIEW (SUNN 37.42N 122.05W 10 2.4 3.7 31.3 18.7 28.7 18.1 27.1 17.8 20.2 28.0 19.3 26.5 17.3 12.4 23.6 16.3 11.6 22.1 8.5 7.7 6.9 1202 258
NAPA CO 38.21N 122.28W 17 -1.3 0.1 33.0 18.8 30.8 18.5 28.0 17.6 20.2 30.3 19.3 28.5 16.3 11.6 23.5 15.8 11.3 22.9 9.5 8.5 7.8 1799 137
SAN BERNARDINO INTL 34.08N 117.23W 353 1.1 2.5 39.4 20.9 37.9 20.8 36.3 20.4 23.6 35.0 22.8 34.2 20.0 15.4 28.4 19.0 14.4 28.5 7.5 5.8 4.9 918 1006
OAKLAND/METROP. OAK 37.76N 122.22W 27 2.6 3.9 27.9 18.0 25.9 17.4 23.6 16.9 19.1 25.8 18.3 24.1 16.7 11.9 21.0 16.1 11.5 20.3 10.5 8.9 8.2 1465 86
ONTARIO INTL ARPT 34.05N 117.57W 287 2.8 4.3 37.8 21.1 36.4 20.5 34.8 20.2 23.3 34.2 22.4 33.0 20.0 15.3 27.1 19.0 14.2 25.7 10.3 8.2 7.3 771 983
PALM SPRINGS INTL 33.83N 116.51W 137 5.2 7.0 44.0 21.8 42.8 21.6 42.2 21.5 26.2 37.4 25.2 36.7 22.8 17.8 33.5 22.0 17.0 33.4 10.4 9.0 8.0 435 2409
JACQUELINE COCHRAN 33.63N 116.16W -36 -0.4 1.3 44.1 22.5 42.7 22.2 41.8 22.0 26.5 36.5 25.7 36.4 23.8 18.6 31.9 22.6 17.3 31.9 8.9 7.8 6.9 608 2152
POINT ARGUELLO 34.57N 120.63W 34 7.5 8.6 21.7 N/A 19.8 N/A 18.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18.6 15.6 14.1 1887 12
PT MUGU (NAWS) 34.12N 119.12W 4 3.8 5.1 27.6 15.6 25.8 16.6 24.0 17.2 20.8 23.9 19.9 23.1 19.6 14.4 22.4 18.6 13.4 21.8 10.3 8.5 7.3 1097 124
PORTERVILLE MUNI 36.03N 119.05W 135 -1.0 0.9 38.0 21.1 37.3 20.7 36.1 20.1 22.7 36.0 21.7 34.6 17.7 12.9 30.1 17.0 12.4 29.4 5.8 5.1 4.6 1417 928
REDDING MUNICIPAL 40.52N 122.31W 153 -2.0 -0.6 41.1 20.5 39.0 19.8 37.4 19.0 22.1 36.2 21.2 35.1 17.6 12.9 26.6 16.4 11.9 25.9 11.1 8.9 7.6 1513 1049
RIVERSIDE MUNI 33.95N 117.44W 253 2.3 2.9 37.8 20.8 36.9 20.5 34.8 19.9 22.9 34.3 22.0 33.0 18.9 14.1 27.5 17.8 13.2 26.1 9.0 7.4 6.2 871 892
SACRAMENTO/EXECUTIV 38.51N 121.49W 8 -0.5 1.0 37.8 21.1 36.2 20.4 34.2 19.7 22.5 35.4 21.4 34.0 17.7 12.7 29.1 16.5 11.7 26.5 9.1 8.1 7.2 1386 674
SACRAMENTO MATHER FL 38.55N 121.29W 29 -1.3 0.0 38.7 20.5 37.1 19.6 35.0 19.1 21.6 36.0 20.7 34.3 16.3 11.6 24.1 15.5 11.0 24.1 9.2 7.7 6.3 1493 675
SACRAMENTO INTL 38.70N 121.59W 10 -0.9 0.9 38.0 21.4 36.8 20.9 34.9 20.2 22.9 35.9 21.8 34.6 17.9 12.8 29.5 17.0 12.2 28.2 10.4 8.6 7.7 1347 772
SALINAS MUNI 36.66N 121.61W 24 1.0 2.4 28.2 16.7 25.9 16.1 23.8 15.9 18.3 25.4 17.5 23.7 15.9 11.3 19.6 15.1 10.7 19.0 9.3 8.4 7.7 1523 58
SAN DIEGO/LINDBERGH 32.74N 117.17W 9 7.1 8.0 28.4 18.3 26.8 18.5 25.4 18.6 21.6 25.3 21.0 24.5 20.3 15.0 23.5 19.6 14.4 23.1 7.7 6.9 5.9 665 374
MIRAMAR MCAS 32.87N 117.15W 146 3.8 5.2 32.6 19.2 30.9 19.1 28.8 19.0 22.0 28.4 21.3 27.6 19.9 14.9 24.7 19.0 14.1 23.9 6.7 5.6 4.9 831 469
NORTH ISLAND NAS 32.70N 117.20W 8 7.0 7.8 28.6 17.9 27.1 18.4 25.6 18.4 21.6 25.1 20.8 24.5 20.3 15.0 23.3 19.4 14.2 22.6 8.4 7.4 6.5 659 380
BROWN FLD MUNI 32.57N 116.98W 160 3.8 5.9 32.0 17.8 29.1 18.1 27.6 18.0 21.7 27.6 20.8 26.2 19.6 14.6 24.1 18.8 13.9 23.3 7.3 5.9 5.4 934 363
MONTGOMERY FLD 32.82N 117.14W 129 4.8 6.2 32.4 18.8 30.1 18.5 27.9 18.1 21.8 28.1 20.8 26.6 19.2 14.1 24.1 18.8 13.8 23.8 7.1 5.8 5.4 849 457
SAN FRANCISCO INTL 37.62N 122.40W 6 3.9 5.2 28.2 17.1 25.6 16.6 23.5 16.2 18.6 25.3 17.8 23.6 16.2 11.5 20.1 15.5 11.0 19.3 12.8 11.5 10.5 1494 80
NORMAN Y MINETA SAN 37.36N 121.93W 15 2.1 3.2 33.1 18.9 31.2 18.7 29.0 18.2 20.6 30.1 19.8 28.6 17.1 12.3 24.4 16.3 11.6 23.5 8.7 8.0 7.3 1153 368
SAN LUIS CO RGNL 35.24N 120.64W 63 1.1 2.4 32.0 17.8 29.1 17.3 27.4 17.1 19.6 28.4 18.8 26.9 16.4 11.7 21.7 15.8 11.3 21.1 11.3 10.1 8.8 1229 164
SANTA BARBARA MUNI 34.43N 119.84W 6 1.4 2.6 28.1 17.5 26.3 17.5 24.9 17.2 20.2 25.0 19.4 24.0 18.2 13.1 21.9 17.6 12.6 21.0 8.5 7.4 6.0 1248 109
SANTA MARIA PUBLIC 34.92N 120.47W 73 0.3 1.7 28.8 16.6 26.5 16.1 24.6 15.8 18.8 25.4 17.9 24.1 16.3 11.7 20.4 15.5 11.1 19.7 10.8 9.1 8.2 1533 52
C M SCHULZ SONOMA CO 38.51N 122.81W 45 -1.3 -0.2 35.2 19.2 32.8 18.8 31.0 18.2 20.7 32.5 19.7 31.0 16.1 11.5 24.8 15.0 10.7 23.3 7.6 6.7 5.7 1693 208
STOCKTON/METROPOLIT 37.89N 121.24W 8 -0.8 0.6 38.2 21.1 36.6 20.5 34.9 20.1 23.0 35.5 21.6 34.5 18.4 13.3 29.9 16.5 11.8 26.9 10.2 8.6 7.8 1360 768
FAIRFIELD/TRAVIS AF 38.27N 121.95W 22 -1.1 0.9 37.4 19.5 35.1 19.0 32.9 18.5 20.9 34.3 20.1 32.7 16.2 11.5 23.0 15.2 10.8 22.5 13.3 12.3 11.5 1449 536
VISALIA MUNI 36.32N 119.38W 90 -1.2 0.4 37.7 22.1 37.0 21.7 35.3 20.8 23.8 35.1 22.8 34.0 20.1 14.9 29.7 18.7 13.7 29.0 6.8 5.6 4.9 1417 884
Colorado 10 sites, 19 more on CD-ROM
BUCKLEY AFB 39.70N 104.75W 1726 -16.3 -12.9 34.1 14.8 32.8 14.8 32.0 14.8 18.0 25.8 17.3 25.8 16.2 14.3 18.7 15.1 13.2 18.8 10.7 8.9 7.7 3186 437
COLORADO SPRINGS/MU 38.81N 104.71W 1881 -17.1 -13.8 32.5 14.9 31.1 14.7 29.5 14.6 17.4 25.8 16.8 25.2 15.2 13.6 18.7 14.4 12.9 18.5 12.5 11.0 9.3 3422 255
DENVER INTERNATIONA 39.83N 104.66W 1655 -17.5 -14.1 34.6 15.5 33.2 15.5 31.8 15.4 18.3 27.1 17.7 26.9 16.1 14.0 20.1 15.1 13.2 19.9 12.0 10.5 8.9 3311 432
DENVER/STAPLETON 39.75N 104.87W 1612 -18.6 -14.9 34.4 15.9 32.9 15.6 31.4 15.4 18.0 27.7 17.4 27.0 15.6 13.5 19.5 14.7 12.7 19.4 10.9 8.8 7.7 3148 401
CENTENNIAL 39.57N 104.85W 1776 -17.8 -14.3 33.0 15.5 32.1 15.4 30.3 15.2 18.4 27.2 17.5 26.4 16.1 14.2 20.3 14.8 13.1 20.0 11.1 9.5 8.3 3391 324
FORT COLLINS (AWOS) 40.45N 105.00W 1529 -17.8 -14.7 34.2 15.9 32.7 15.8 31.2 15.7 18.4 27.8 17.7 27.7 16.0 13.7 20.9 14.1 12.1 20.9 11.6 9.6 8.0 3464 343
FORT COLLINS(SAWRS) 40.58N 105.08W 1525 -19.2 -15.1 32.3 16.1 30.7 15.7 29.1 15.6 18.1 27.1 17.6 26.7 15.4 13.2 21.0 14.7 12.6 20.6 8.9 7.5 6.1 3387 257
GRAND JUNCTION/WALK 39.13N 108.54W 1475 -15.0 -12.1 36.5 16.4 35.0 15.9 33.6 15.5 18.4 29.8 17.8 29.1 15.9 13.6 20.1 14.6 12.4 20.4 10.4 8.6 7.6 3017 673
GREELEY WELD CO 40.44N 104.62W 1417 -21.3 -17.6 35.2 16.8 33.0 16.7 32.1 16.7 19.5 29.1 18.8 28.7 17.0 14.5 22.7 16.0 13.6 22.2 12.5 10.6 8.6 3655 339
PUEBLO MEMORIAL(AW) 38.29N 104.50W 1439 -18.0 -14.2 36.9 16.9 35.4 16.8 33.8 16.6 19.4 29.5 18.8 29.1 17.2 14.6 20.7 16.3 13.8 20.6 12.8 11.1 9.1 3041 508
Connecticut 5 sites, 3 more on CD-ROM
BRIDGEPORT/IGOR I. 41.18N 73.15W 5 -11.5 -9.0 31.0 22.8 29.1 22.0 27.8 21.3 24.4 28.3 23.7 27.1 23.1 17.8 26.0 22.6 17.3 25.6 10.9 9.3 8.4 2930 461
HARTFORD/BRADLEY IN 41.94N 72.68W 55 -15.5 -12.7 33.0 23.0 31.4 22.2 29.7 21.4 24.6 30.4 23.8 28.8 22.9 17.8 26.9 22.3 17.1 26.2 10.2 8.6 7.8 3297 425
HARTFORD BRAINARD 41.74N 72.65W 6 -13.0 -11.0 32.6 22.9 31.2 22.4 29.2 21.6 25.0 29.8 24.1 28.4 23.5 18.3 27.3 22.6 17.3 26.6 8.8 8.1 7.4 3061 479
109
110


Heating DB
WATERBURY OXFORD 41.48N 73.13W 221 -15.5 -12.7 30.9 22.6 28.8 21.8 27.4 20.9 24.1 28.5 23.2 27.0 22.7 17.9 26.1 22.2 17.4 25.5 8.8 7.7 6.7 3533 264
WINDHAM AIRPORT 41.74N 72.18W 75 -15.8 -12.6 32.2 22.8 30.2 22.2 28.7 21.6 24.4 29.4 23.6 27.8 22.8 17.7 26.3 22.4 17.3 25.8 8.7 7.7 6.9 3332 343
Delaware 2 sites, 1 more on CD-ROM
DOVER AFB 39.12N 75.47W 9 -9.1 -7.5 32.8 24.2 32.0 23.9 30.1 23.1 25.8 30.3 25.1 29.1 24.8 19.8 27.6 23.9 18.8 27.0 11.3 9.9 8.7 2502 650
WILMINGTON NEW CAST 39.67N 75.60W 24 -10.4 -8.2 33.3 23.9 31.9 23.3 30.5 22.8 25.6 30.7 24.8 29.5 24.1 19.0 27.6 23.5 18.3 27.0 11.0 9.2 8.2 2642 634
Florida 32 sites, 28 more on CD-ROM
CECIL FLD 30.22N 81.87W 25 -2.5 -0.1 35.5 24.7 34.5 24.6 33.5 24.4 26.7 31.8 26.1 31.4 25.2 20.4 28.3 24.9 20.0 28.0 8.4 7.4 6.5 714 1506
DAYTONA BEACH INTL 29.18N 81.06W 13 2.0 4.0 33.8 24.9 32.7 24.9 32.0 24.9 26.7 31.1 26.2 30.6 25.4 20.6 28.7 25.0 20.1 28.4 9.1 8.1 7.3 416 1662
FORT LAUDERDALE HOL 26.07N 80.15W 3 8.2 10.9 33.2 25.7 32.6 25.7 32.2 25.6 27.3 31.1 26.9 30.6 26.3 21.7 29.3 25.9 21.2 29.1 9.9 8.8 8.1 74 2537
FORT MYERS/PAGE FLD 26.59N 81.86W 6 5.8 7.8 34.2 24.8 33.6 24.9 32.9 24.9 26.8 31.2 26.4 30.8 25.8 21.0 28.5 25.2 20.4 28.2 8.4 7.6 6.9 156 2179
GAINESVILLE RGNL 29.69N 82.27W 50 -1.3 0.8 34.1 24.7 33.3 24.5 32.5 24.4 26.5 31.3 26.0 30.6 25.2 20.5 28.4 24.7 19.9 27.9 8.2 7.4 6.4 653 1461
HOMESTEAD ARB 25.48N 80.38W 2 7.7 10.0 32.5 25.9 32.2 25.9 31.4 25.8 27.4 29.8 27.2 29.6 27.1 22.9 28.4 26.3 21.8 28.2 9.1 8.2 7.4 84 2250
JACKSONVILLE/INTNL. 30.49N 81.69W 10 -1.5 0.3 34.8 25.2 33.8 25.0 32.8 24.8 26.7 32.0 26.2 31.3 25.2 20.4 28.6 24.8 19.9 28.2 8.9 8.0 7.2 737 1462
JACKSONVILLE NAS 30.23N 81.68W 7 0.9 2.7 35.4 25.1 34.1 24.6 33.1 24.4 26.9 31.3 26.4 31.0 26.0 21.4 28.7 25.2 20.3 28.4 9.2 8.1 7.3 553 1764
JACKSONVILLE/CRAIG 30.34N 81.52W 13 0.1 2.2 34.2 25.1 33.0 24.9 32.4 24.9 26.8 31.5 26.3 30.9 25.6 20.9 28.8 25.1 20.2 28.4 8.5 7.8 7.1 676 1469
MACDILL AFB/TAMPA 27.85N 82.50W 4 3.9 6.1 33.7 25.3 32.8 25.3 32.4 25.3 27.5 30.4 27.1 30.3 27.1 22.8 29.0 26.2 21.7 28.6 8.7 7.8 7.1 298 1948
MAYPORT NS 30.40N 81.42W 4 1.2 3.4 34.6 25.2 33.3 25.2 32.4 25.1 27.1 31.6 26.5 31.2 26.0 21.3 29.5 25.2 20.4 29.2 9.1 8.1 7.3 580 1661
MELBOURNE REGIONAL 28.10N 80.65W 8 3.7 6.2 33.4 25.5 32.5 25.5 32.1 25.5 27.1 31.0 26.6 30.7 26.2 21.6 29.1 25.5 20.7 28.8 9.4 8.5 8.0 259 1942
MIAMI 25.82N 80.30W 9 8.7 11.1 33.2 25.3 32.7 25.3 32.2 25.3 26.8 30.5 26.5 30.5 25.8 21.2 28.6 25.3 20.5 28.5 9.1 8.3 7.6 70 2521
KENDALL TAMIAMI EXEC 25.65N 80.43W 3 7.4 9.2 33.7 25.5 32.9 25.4 32.5 25.3 26.9 31.1 26.5 30.8 26.1 21.5 28.5 25.3 20.4 28.3 9.3 8.4 7.9 98 2283
NAPLES MUNI 26.15N 81.78W 7 6.3 8.1 32.9 25.4 32.5 25.4 32.2 25.4 27.1 30.8 26.7 30.5 26.2 21.6 28.9 25.8 21.1 28.7 8.5 7.6 6.8 161 2082
NASA SHUTTLE LANDING 28.62N 80.69W 3 3.1 5.8 33.2 25.6 32.5 25.6 32.0 25.5 27.2 30.9 26.7 30.3 26.3 21.7 28.9 25.9 21.3 28.7 8.4 7.5 6.6 314 1751
OCALA INTL J TAYLOR 29.17N 82.22W 27 -1.8 1.0 34.1 24.2 33.0 24.1 32.6 24.0 26.2 31.0 25.7 30.7 25.0 20.1 28.1 24.1 19.0 27.8 8.0 6.8 5.6 584 1540
EXECUTIVE 28.55N 81.33W 34 3.7 6.2 34.2 24.4 33.6 24.4 32.8 24.3 26.4 30.4 25.9 30.1 25.6 20.9 27.9 25.0 20.2 27.6 8.6 7.9 7.1 284 1978
ORLANDO/JETPORT 28.43N 81.33W 32 3.2 5.7 34.3 24.7 33.6 24.6 32.8 24.4 26.4 30.9 26.0 30.4 25.4 20.6 27.7 25.0 20.1 27.4 9.0 8.1 7.3 306 1881
ORLANDO SANFORD 28.78N 81.24W 17 2.6 4.9 34.9 24.2 33.9 24.0 32.9 24.0 25.8 31.2 25.6 30.8 24.1 19.1 27.7 24.0 18.9 27.6 9.1 8.1 7.2 359 1841
PANAMA CITY BAY CO 30.21N 85.68W 6 -0.1 2.2 33.7 24.9 32.8 24.9 32.3 24.9 27.5 30.5 26.8 30.2 26.4 21.9 28.7 26.1 21.5 28.6 8.4 7.5 6.7 688 1579
PENSACOLA NAS 30.35N 87.32W 9 -1.4 0.7 34.0 25.9 33.0 25.7 32.3 25.6 27.7 31.4 27.1 31.0 26.8 22.4 29.7 26.1 21.6 29.3 9.3 8.3 7.5 811 1471
PENSACOLA RGNL 30.47N 87.19W 36 -1.3 0.9 34.4 25.4 33.3 25.2 32.4 25.0 27.2 31.4 26.7 30.8 26.2 21.8 29.0 25.7 21.0 28.7 9.0 8.1 7.4 807 1493
SARASOTA BRADENTON 27.40N 82.56W 8 4.0 6.7 33.5 26.0 32.8 26.0 32.4 25.9 28.1 31.5 27.5 31.1 27.3 23.2 30.3 26.4 21.9 29.5 9.4 8.3 7.6 257 1914
SOUTHWEST FLORIDA I 26.54N 81.76W 9 4.7 7.2 34.2 24.9 33.7 24.9 32.9 24.9 26.9 31.0 26.5 30.7 26.1 21.5 28.3 25.4 20.5 28.1 9.2 8.2 7.4 179 2091
ST PETERSBURG CLEAR 27.91N 82.69W 3 5.8 7.4 33.4 25.4 32.8 25.4 32.4 25.4 27.6 30.7 27.0 30.3 26.9 22.5 29.2 26.2 21.6 28.8 9.3 8.4 7.7 253 2043
TALLAHASSEE MUNICIP 30.39N 84.35W 21 -3.5 -1.7 35.5 24.7 34.3 24.4 33.4 24.2 26.5 31.7 26.0 31.1 25.2 20.4 28.2 24.7 19.8 27.9 8.0 7.1 6.1 863 1444
TAMPA INTL AIRPORT 27.96N 82.54W 3 3.8 6.0 33.6 25.1 33.0 25.1 32.4 25.1 26.9 31.1 26.6 30.9 25.8 21.1 29.4 25.3 20.4 28.9 8.0 7.2 6.2 293 1979
TYNDALL AFB 30.07N 85.58W 5 -0.3 2.0 32.9 26.0 32.4 26.0 31.6 25.9 28.1 30.9 27.5 30.5 27.3 23.2 30.1 26.6 22.1 29.5 8.7 7.8 6.9 727 1456
VENICE PIER 27.07N 82.45W 5 5.2 7.5 31.2 24.6 30.4 24.9 30.1 25.0 27.6 28.3 26.5 28.9 27.4 23.3 28.0 25.8 21.1 27.9 12.4 10.6 8.8 279 1648
VERO BEACH MUNI 27.66N 80.42W 9 3.7 6.1 33.1 25.4 32.5 25.4 32.0 25.4 26.9 31.1 26.5 30.8 25.9 21.2 29.1 25.2 20.3 28.8 9.1 8.3 7.6 233 1924
WEST PALM BEACH/IN 26.69N 80.10W 6 6.6 8.9 33.0 25.4 32.4 25.4 31.9 25.4 26.8 30.9 26.4 30.6 25.6 20.9 28.7 25.2 20.3 28.6 10.3 9.0 8.3 123 2269
Georgia 19 sites, 8 more on CD-ROM
ALBANY MUNICIPAL 31.54N 84.19W 59 -2.8 -1.2 36.1 24.5 34.9 24.5 33.8 24.1 26.5 32.5 25.9 31.8 25.1 20.4 28.5 24.4 19.5 28.0 8.3 7.5 6.5 980 1417
ATHENS MUNICIPAL 33.95N 83.33W 244 -5.3 -3.1 35.3 23.8 33.9 23.4 32.6 23.2 25.4 31.8 24.9 30.9 23.8 19.2 27.7 23.2 18.5 27.0 8.2 7.3 6.3 1545 1002
PEACHTREE CITY FALCO 33.36N 84.57W 243 -7.2 -5.0 33.9 23.0 32.8 23.0 32.2 23.0 25.2 30.9 24.6 30.0 23.7 19.1 27.2 22.9 18.2 26.3 7.8 6.7 5.5 1697 856
ATLANTA MUNICIPAL 33.64N 84.43W 313 -5.8 -3.1 34.4 23.4 33.1 23.3 32.1 23.0 25.2 31.4 24.7 30.4 23.5 19.0 27.4 23.0 18.4 26.8 9.6 8.5 7.7 1484 1052
AUGUSTA/BUSH FIELD 33.37N 81.97W 45 -5.3 -3.3 36.3 24.4 34.9 24.4 33.7 24.1 26.4 32.8 25.8 31.8 24.8 20.0 28.6 24.2 19.2 28.1 8.4 7.4 6.4 1337 1154
DANIEL FIELD 33.47N 82.04W 129 -2.7 -1.3 36.2 23.5 34.1 23.0 32.9 23.0 25.4 31.9 25.0 31.2 23.8 18.9 27.2 23.0 18.0 26.7 7.5 6.6 5.6 1186 1287
COLUMBUS METROPOLIT 32.52N 84.94W 120 -3.4 -1.5 35.9 23.7 34.6 23.6 33.5 23.4 25.6 31.9 25.2 31.2 24.0 19.2 27.7 23.6 18.6 27.3 8.2 7.3 6.4 1157 1299
DEKALB PEACHTREE 33.88N 84.30W 302 -6.1 -3.6 34.1 23.0 33.0 23.1 32.4 22.8 25.0 31.3 24.5 30.4 23.0 18.4 26.3 22.8 18.2 26.2 8.3 7.3 6.3 1595 1015
MARIETTA/DOBBINS AF 33.92N 84.52W 326 -7.3 -4.2 34.2 23.4 33.0 23.5 32.0 23.2 25.2 31.1 24.7 30.4 23.5 19.1 27.6 22.9 18.4 27.0 8.4 7.3 6.3 1650 977
FORT BENNING 32.33N 85.00W 71 -5.1 -3.0 36.2 24.5 34.8 24.5 33.0 24.3 27.2 32.0 26.3 31.8 26.1 21.6 29.4 25.0 20.3 28.5 7.7 6.7 5.5 1251 1184
FULTON CO ARPT BROW 33.78N 84.52W 256 -6.2 -3.8 34.4 23.6 33.1 23.5 32.3 23.2 25.4 31.6 24.9 30.8 23.6 19.0 27.8 23.0 18.3 27.3 7.9 6.9 6.0 1594 968
LEE GILMER MEM 34.27N 83.83W 389 -6.1 -3.0 33.6 23.0 32.5 22.9 31.3 22.6 24.8 30.4 24.2 29.4 23.0 18.6 26.4 22.7 18.2 26.2 8.5 7.6 6.9 1677 912
HUNTER AAF 32.01N 81.15W 13 -2.3 -0.2 35.3 25.3 34.1 25.0 32.9 24.9 27.4 31.6 26.7 31.3 26.3 21.8 28.9 25.4 20.7 28.5 8.5 7.5 6.5 907 1434
MACON/LEWIS B.WILSO 32.69N 83.65W 110 -4.5 -2.5 36.0 24.2 34.7 24.1 33.5 23.8 26.1 32.4 25.6 31.6 24.5 19.8 28.4 24.0 19.1 27.8 8.1 7.1 6.0 1257 1211
MOODY AFB/VALDOSTA 30.97N 83.19W 72 -1.5 0.6 35.6 24.8 34.5 24.6 33.6 24.4 26.8 32.6 26.2 31.9 25.2 20.5 28.9 24.8 20.0 28.5 7.7 6.5 5.6 799 1491
ROME/RUSSELL(RAMOS) 34.35N 85.16W 196 -7.3 -5.1 35.9 23.7 34.1 23.4 32.9 23.2 25.6 32.1 25.1 31.5 23.9 19.2 28.1 23.0 18.2 27.6 7.0 5.8 5.1 1728 979
SAVANNAH MUNICIPAL 32.12N 81.20W 16 -2.6 -0.9 35.3 25.1 34.1 24.9 33.0 24.6 26.8 31.9 26.3 31.3 25.6 20.9 28.6 25.1 20.2 28.2 8.4 7.6 6.9 978 1364

Heating DB
VALDOSTA RGNL 30.78N 83.28W 60 -2.4 -0.8 35.3 25.2 34.2 24.7 33.4 24.5 26.9 32.2 26.3 31.5 25.8 21.3 28.7 25.1 20.3 28.1 7.6 6.6 5.7 848 1422
ROBINS AFB 32.63N 83.60W 90 -3.9 -2.3 36.1 24.2 34.8 24.1 33.0 23.8 26.3 32.4 25.8 31.5 25.0 20.3 28.4 24.1 19.2 27.4 8.2 7.2 5.8 1183 1239
Hawaii 4 sites, 4 more on CD-ROM
KALAELOA ARPT 21.30N 158.07W 10 15.3 16.6 32.7 22.9 32.2 22.9 31.6 22.8 25.5 29.9 24.9 29.6 24.1 19.1 28.3 23.4 18.2 27.9 8.7 7.9 7.3 0 2472
HILO INTL 19.72N 155.05W 11 16.4 17.1 29.8 23.4 29.3 23.2 28.8 23.1 24.8 27.8 24.4 27.5 23.9 18.8 26.2 23.4 18.2 25.9 7.8 7.0 5.9 0 1813
HONOLULU INTL 21.33N 157.94W 5 16.6 17.7 32.1 23.4 31.6 23.1 31.2 22.9 25.1 29.3 24.6 29.0 23.9 18.7 27.3 23.2 18.0 27.0 9.9 9.0 8.4 0 2599
KANEOHE BAY (MCAF) 21.45N 157.77W 6 17.8 18.8 29.4 23.6 28.9 23.4 28.5 23.2 25.1 27.7 24.6 27.5 24.0 18.9 26.8 23.6 18.4 26.6 8.4 7.6 7.1 0 2357
Idaho 7 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
BOISE MUNICIPAL 43.57N 116.22W 874 -12.9 -9.1 37.0 17.7 35.2 17.2 33.6 16.6 19.0 33.5 18.2 32.5 14.0 11.1 22.0 12.7 10.2 21.9 9.8 8.5 7.6 3029 532
CALDWELL (AWOS) 43.64N 116.63W 741 -11.4 -8.7 36.1 19.1 33.9 18.2 32.5 17.7 20.1 33.5 19.2 32.2 15.2 11.8 25.4 13.8 10.8 25.2 9.9 8.6 7.6 3183 367
COEUR D ALENE AIR TE 47.77N 116.82W 707 -14.7 -12.1 33.0 17.2 31.4 16.9 29.0 16.1 18.8 30.2 17.8 28.9 14.1 11.0 21.8 13.0 10.2 21.1 9.9 8.4 7.5 3838 167
IDAHO FALLS RGNL 43.52N 112.07W 1446 -21.5 -17.9 33.1 16.1 32.0 15.9 30.2 15.3 18.0 28.6 17.1 28.1 14.3 12.2 21.1 13.0 11.1 20.2 12.1 10.8 9.2 4278 151
JOSLIN FLD MAGIC VA 42.48N 114.49W 1277 -12.8 -11.0 34.8 17.3 32.9 16.8 32.1 16.6 19.1 31.6 18.3 30.2 14.9 12.4 24.2 13.6 11.4 23.7 12.5 11.0 9.4 3404 405
LEWISTON NEZ PERCE 46.38N 117.01W 438 -11.1 -7.4 36.8 18.5 34.7 18.0 32.7 17.3 19.7 33.5 18.8 32.2 15.2 11.4 22.5 14.0 10.5 22.1 9.3 8.0 6.7 2789 466
POCATELLO MUNICIPAL 42.92N 112.57W 1365 -18.9 -15.7 34.8 16.4 33.0 16.0 31.5 15.5 18.4 30.4 17.4 29.3 14.5 12.2 21.7 13.0 11.0 21.5 12.7 11.3 10.0 3854 237
Illinois 14 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
AURORA MUNICIPAL 41.77N 88.48W 218 -20.9 -17.5 32.5 23.5 31.2 23.0 29.1 22.0 25.3 30.2 24.3 28.8 23.7 19.1 28.3 22.7 17.9 27.1 11.6 10.2 8.9 3616 389
CAHOKIA/ST. LOUIS 38.57N 90.16W 126 -12.7 -10.9 34.1 25.1 33.0 24.6 32.3 24.2 26.7 32.4 25.8 31.6 25.1 20.6 29.5 24.0 19.2 28.8 9.3 8.3 7.4 2525 777
CHICAGO/MIDWAY 41.79N 87.75W 188 -17.7 -14.8 33.0 23.7 32.0 22.9 30.3 22.2 25.5 31.2 24.5 29.5 23.8 19.1 28.9 22.8 17.9 27.8 10.9 9.5 8.6 3262 574
CHICAGO/O'HARE ARPT 41.99N 87.91W 205 -18.6 -15.7 33.0 23.5 31.5 22.9 30.0 22.1 25.4 31.0 24.4 29.4 23.7 19.0 28.7 22.8 18.0 27.6 11.0 9.4 8.5 3449 480
DECATUR 39.98N 88.87W 207 -17.3 -14.1 33.9 24.8 32.5 24.2 31.3 23.5 26.3 32.1 25.5 31.0 24.6 20.0 30.0 23.8 19.1 29.0 11.1 9.6 8.8 3023 611
GLENVIEW NAS 42.08N 87.82W 199 -18.2 -15.1 34.3 23.9 32.3 23.0 30.6 22.3 25.5 32.3 24.5 30.6 23.4 18.7 29.5 22.5 17.6 28.6 9.0 8.0 7.2 3391 505
MOLINE/QUAD CITY 41.47N 90.52W 181 -19.9 -17.1 33.8 24.5 32.3 23.8 30.9 22.9 26.2 31.8 25.2 30.5 24.5 19.9 29.6 23.6 18.8 28.4 10.8 9.1 8.2 3374 552
GREATER PEORIA MUNI 40.67N 89.68W 202 -18.6 -15.9 33.4 24.5 32.1 23.9 30.7 23.1 26.2 31.4 25.3 30.3 24.7 20.2 29.4 23.8 19.1 28.3 10.5 8.9 8.1 3198 578
QUINCY RGNL BALDWIN 39.94N 91.19W 234 -17.9 -15.1 33.7 24.7 32.3 24.1 30.9 23.4 25.9 31.7 25.2 30.8 24.1 19.6 29.4 23.4 18.8 28.5 10.9 9.3 8.4 3056 612
GREATER ROCKFORD 42.20N 89.09W 227 -21.0 -17.8 32.8 23.6 31.2 22.9 29.7 22.1 25.5 30.8 24.5 29.1 24.0 19.4 28.6 22.9 18.1 27.6 10.9 9.3 8.5 3671 431
SCOTT AFB MIDAMERIC 38.53N 89.83W 140 -12.8 -10.9 34.9 24.7 33.0 24.2 32.3 24.0 26.8 31.4 25.9 30.7 25.9 21.6 29.2 24.8 20.2 28.4 10.3 8.9 7.9 2544 778
SPRINGFIELD/CAPITAL 39.85N 89.68W 187 -17.6 -14.2 33.6 24.8 32.4 24.1 31.1 23.4 26.3 31.9 25.5 30.7 24.7 20.2 29.9 23.9 19.1 28.9 11.1 9.6 8.6 2978 632
UNIV OF ILLINOIS WI 40.04N 88.28W 233 -18.1 -15.5 33.3 24.4 32.2 23.9 30.9 23.4 26.4 31.6 25.4 30.3 25.0 20.6 30.0 23.9 19.3 28.5 12.3 11.0 9.8 3156 560
DUPAGE 41.91N 88.25W 231 -19.2 -16.9 32.4 23.8 31.1 23.3 29.1 22.3 25.7 30.5 24.7 29.1 24.0 19.5 29.0 23.0 18.2 27.5 11.0 9.5 8.5 3572 410
Indiana 8 sites, 5 more on CD-ROM
EVANSVILLE REGIONAL 38.04N 87.54W 118 -13.3 -10.1 34.3 24.6 33.0 24.3 32.0 23.8 26.3 32.2 25.7 31.2 24.7 20.0 29.6 24.0 19.2 28.7 9.2 8.2 7.3 2458 798
FORT WAYNE/BAER FLD 41.01N 85.21W 252 -18.2 -15.0 32.7 23.5 31.2 22.8 29.7 22.1 25.3 30.4 24.4 28.9 23.8 19.2 28.3 22.9 18.2 27.1 11.1 9.4 8.5 3328 458
GRISSOM ARB 40.65N 86.15W 247 -17.9 -14.8 33.1 24.0 31.5 23.7 30.1 22.8 26.3 31.0 25.2 29.6 25.0 20.6 29.3 23.8 19.3 28.0 11.2 9.3 8.3 3209 543
INDIANAPOLIS/I.-MUN 39.71N 86.27W 246 -16.7 -13.3 32.8 23.9 31.5 23.4 30.2 22.7 25.7 30.8 24.9 29.7 24.1 19.5 28.7 23.3 18.7 27.8 11.0 9.4 8.4 2929 604
PURDUE UNIV 40.41N 86.94W 194 -17.7 -14.6 33.1 24.1 32.1 23.6 30.8 22.9 25.9 31.3 25.0 30.1 24.2 19.5 29.0 23.4 18.6 28.0 10.2 8.9 8.1 3069 563
MONROE CO 39.14N 86.62W 258 -15.8 -12.4 32.6 24.1 32.0 24.1 30.8 23.4 25.9 30.5 25.2 29.9 24.1 19.7 28.4 23.7 19.1 28.0 8.7 7.8 7.0 2804 564
SOUTH BEND/ST.JOSEP 41.71N 86.33W 236 -17.6 -14.6 32.5 23.4 31.1 22.5 29.5 21.8 25.2 30.2 24.1 28.7 23.6 19.0 28.3 22.7 17.9 27.1 10.7 9.1 8.3 3434 442
TERRE HAUTE INTL HU 39.45N 87.30W 180 -17.1 -13.1 33.2 24.7 32.2 24.3 31.0 23.6 26.4 31.5 25.5 30.4 24.9 20.4 29.6 23.9 19.2 28.5 10.3 8.8 8.0 2870 599
Iowa 9 sites, 38 more on CD-ROM
AMES MUNI 41.99N 93.62W 291 -21.3 -18.0 32.4 24.6 31.2 23.7 29.1 22.7 26.1 30.6 25.1 29.5 24.8 20.5 29.2 23.7 19.2 28.0 11.8 10.5 9.0 3637 437
ANKENY REGIONAL ARP 41.69N 93.55W 277 -19.9 -17.1 34.0 24.1 32.4 23.8 30.9 23.0 25.7 31.3 24.9 30.4 24.1 19.7 29.0 23.0 18.3 28.3 9.7 8.5 7.6 3329 558
BOONE MUNI 42.05N 93.84W 354 -21.0 -17.7 32.8 25.3 31.9 24.7 30.0 23.3 26.9 31.3 25.8 29.8 26.0 22.3 30.1 24.8 20.7 29.1 11.7 10.4 9.1 3569 490
CEDAR RAPIDS MUNI 41.88N 91.71W 266 -22.5 -19.3 32.8 24.4 31.1 23.6 29.5 22.6 25.8 30.5 24.9 29.5 24.6 20.2 28.8 23.5 18.9 27.7 11.8 10.5 9.1 3725 436
DAVENPORT MUNI 41.61N 90.59W 230 -21.0 -17.6 32.3 24.4 31.1 23.9 29.0 22.7 25.7 30.4 24.9 29.3 24.1 19.5 28.6 23.0 18.2 27.7 11.9 10.6 9.1 3506 441
DES MOINES INTL 41.54N 93.67W 294 -20.7 -17.9 33.6 24.7 32.0 23.9 30.5 23.0 25.8 31.4 25.1 30.4 24.2 19.8 29.3 23.4 18.8 28.5 11.4 10.0 8.7 3429 574
DUBUQUE MUNICIPAL 42.40N 90.70W 329 -22.4 -19.4 31.6 23.6 29.9 22.9 28.4 21.8 25.2 29.7 24.1 28.3 23.9 19.5 28.1 22.8 18.2 26.8 11.5 10.2 8.9 3902 354
SIOUX CITY MUNI 42.39N 96.38W 336 -22.1 -19.3 33.9 23.9 32.3 23.4 30.9 22.8 25.9 31.2 25.1 30.5 24.5 20.3 29.3 23.4 18.9 28.6 12.8 11.3 10.0 3712 509
WATERLOO MUNICIPAL 42.55N 92.40W 268 -23.3 -20.5 32.9 24.1 31.3 23.2 29.8 22.3 25.9 30.8 24.8 29.5 24.5 20.1 29.1 23.4 18.8 27.8 11.6 10.4 9.0 3882 431
Kansas 10 sites, 19 more on CD-ROM
FT RILEY/MARSHALL A 39.06N 96.76W 324 -16.2 -12.5 37.7 24.1 35.9 24.0 34.2 23.8 25.9 33.3 25.2 32.9 24.0 19.6 30.1 23.0 18.5 29.0 9.4 8.3 7.4 2686 881
LAWRENCE MUNI 39.01N 95.21W 254 -15.9 -12.6 37.1 25.1 34.8 24.7 32.8 24.2 26.7 33.5 25.8 32.6 24.8 20.4 30.7 23.8 19.3 29.8 11.2 9.7 8.6 2741 800
MANHATTAN RGNL 39.13N 96.68W 326 -17.0 -13.0 37.6 24.3 36.0 24.4 33.7 23.8 25.9 33.7 25.4 33.0 23.9 19.5 29.9 22.9 18.4 28.7 10.8 9.2 8.2 2858 800
MC CONNELL AFB 37.62N 97.27W 418 -14.2 -11.0 37.4 23.3 35.8 23.2 33.9 23.1 25.4 32.8 24.8 32.0 23.4 19.1 28.7 22.7 18.3 28.2 12.0 10.9 9.4 2396 942
JOHNSON CO EXECUTIVE 38.85N 94.74W 327 -15.0 -12.5 35.1 24.9 32.9 24.6 32.2 24.2 26.2 32.2 25.5 31.6 24.1 19.8 29.6 23.7 19.3 29.1 10.5 9.0 8.2 2655 771
SALINA MUNI 38.81N 97.66W 391 -15.9 -12.7 38.3 23.2 36.7 23.2 34.8 22.9 25.2 33.6 24.5 32.6 22.9 18.4 28.8 22.3 17.9 28.3 12.4 11.1 10.1 2652 924
FORBES FLD 38.95N 95.66W 329 -16.2 -12.8 35.4 24.3 33.7 24.0 32.3 23.7 25.8 32.3 25.2 31.7 24.0 19.6 29.7 23.0 18.5 28.5 11.6 10.6 9.2 2738 730
111
112


Heating DB
TOPEKA/BILLARD MUNI 39.07N 95.63W 270 -16.0 -12.9 36.2 24.6 34.4 24.4 32.8 23.9 26.1 33.0 25.5 32.3 24.2 19.7 30.1 23.5 18.9 29.3 10.5 9.0 8.2 2723 803
WICHITA/MID-CONTINE 37.65N 97.43W 408 -13.7 -11.0 37.8 23.2 36.1 23.2 34.1 23.1 25.4 32.5 24.7 31.9 23.4 19.2 28.7 22.7 18.4 27.8 12.6 11.4 10.4 2480 934
COL JAMES JABARA 37.75N 97.22W 433 -13.8 -11.4 37.5 23.4 36.0 23.5 33.6 23.3 25.2 32.9 24.6 32.1 22.9 18.6 28.5 22.5 18.1 28.0 12.4 11.2 10.1 2497 876
Kentucky 8 sites, 5 more on CD-ROM
BOWLING GREEN WARRE 36.98N 86.44W 164 -11.6 -8.5 34.1 23.9 32.8 24.0 32.0 23.7 25.8 31.4 25.2 30.7 24.1 19.4 28.7 23.6 18.8 28.0 8.8 8.0 7.2 2257 793
CINCINNATI/GREATER 39.04N 84.67W 269 -14.8 -11.5 33.0 23.4 31.8 23.0 30.4 22.5 25.2 30.6 24.5 29.4 23.6 19.0 28.0 22.9 18.2 27.1 9.8 8.5 7.7 2752 615
FORT CAMPBELL (AAF) 36.67N 87.50W 174 -10.9 -7.7 34.0 24.5 32.8 24.5 32.1 24.3 26.5 30.9 25.8 30.3 25.2 20.8 28.4 24.8 20.3 28.0 9.0 7.9 7.0 2121 860
HENDERSON CITY CO 37.81N 87.68W 118 -12.9 -9.9 34.0 24.7 32.8 24.5 32.2 24.1 26.4 32.8 25.6 31.7 24.2 19.3 30.5 23.7 18.8 29.9 9.4 8.4 7.4 2469 769
LEXINGTON/BLUE GRAS 38.04N 84.61W 301 -13.2 -10.2 33.1 23.3 32.0 23.1 30.7 22.7 25.2 30.8 24.5 29.6 23.5 18.9 28.2 22.8 18.2 27.3 9.1 8.1 7.3 2537 667
BOWMAN FLD 38.23N 85.66W 170 -12.4 -9.1 34.1 23.9 32.8 23.7 32.0 23.4 25.8 31.4 25.2 30.7 24.1 19.4 28.5 23.6 18.9 28.2 8.3 7.5 6.6 2334 811
LOUISVILLE/STANDIFO 38.18N 85.73W 149 -12.1 -8.9 34.4 24.0 33.1 23.9 32.0 23.4 25.9 31.7 25.3 31.0 24.3 19.5 29.3 23.6 18.7 28.4 9.4 8.4 7.5 2283 873
SOMERSET PULASKI CO 37.05N 84.60W 283 -11.0 -7.8 34.8 23.8 33.1 23.5 32.4 23.1 25.6 32.5 24.9 31.3 23.4 18.8 28.9 22.8 18.1 28.0 8.0 6.9 5.6 2148 811
Louisiana 12 sites, 8 more on CD-ROM
ESLER RGNL 31.40N 92.30W 36 -3.0 -2.0 36.5 24.8 35.1 25.1 33.9 24.9 26.9 32.1 26.4 32.0 25.7 21.1 28.8 25.1 20.3 28.5 7.4 6.2 5.4 1113 1381
ALEXANDRIA INT 31.34N 92.56W 24 -2.6 -1.1 36.2 25.1 34.8 25.2 33.8 24.9 27.1 32.0 26.5 31.9 26.0 21.5 29.1 25.2 20.3 28.9 8.3 7.4 6.3 1019 1456
BARKSDALE AFB 32.50N 93.66W 51 -4.7 -2.7 36.3 24.8 35.0 24.7 33.8 24.7 26.7 32.7 26.1 32.2 25.1 20.4 28.9 24.5 19.6 28.5 8.5 7.6 6.6 1273 1281
BATON ROUGE METRO R 30.54N 91.15W 23 -2.0 -0.1 34.8 25.3 33.9 25.2 33.0 25.0 26.9 31.6 26.5 31.2 25.8 21.2 28.8 25.3 20.5 28.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 874 1505
LAFAYETTE RGNL 30.21N 91.99W 13 -1.2 0.9 34.8 25.5 33.8 25.3 32.9 25.1 27.0 31.6 26.7 31.3 26.1 21.5 28.7 25.5 20.7 28.5 9.1 8.2 7.4 813 1559
LAKE CHARLES MUNI 30.13N 93.23W 3 -0.9 1.0 34.7 25.5 33.8 25.4 32.9 25.4 27.4 31.4 26.9 30.9 26.4 21.8 29.0 26.0 21.3 28.7 9.2 8.2 7.5 807 1559
MONROE RGNL 32.51N 92.04W 25 -3.8 -2.2 36.4 25.5 35.1 25.4 33.9 25.0 27.2 33.0 26.7 32.5 25.8 21.2 29.7 25.2 20.4 29.2 8.5 7.6 6.7 1216 1368
NEW ORLEANS NAS JRB 29.83N 90.03W 0 -0.7 1.2 33.8 25.6 32.9 25.4 32.3 25.3 27.7 30.8 27.0 30.3 26.9 22.5 29.2 26.2 21.6 28.7 8.1 7.2 6.1 802 1459
NEW ORLEANS/MOISANT 29.99N 90.25W 6 0.6 2.4 34.3 25.6 33.5 25.4 32.6 25.3 27.2 31.6 26.8 31.1 26.1 21.5 29.1 25.7 20.9 28.8 9.3 8.4 7.6 714 1625
LAKEFRONT 30.04N 90.03W 3 2.0 3.7 34.1 26.0 33.2 25.7 32.6 25.5 27.5 31.8 27.0 31.3 26.3 21.8 29.6 26.0 21.4 29.4 11.1 9.4 8.5 632 1796
SHREVEPORT DOWNTOWN 32.54N 93.74W 55 -2.8 -1.3 37.3 24.8 36.0 24.7 34.2 24.5 26.4 33.0 26.0 32.3 24.9 20.1 28.4 24.2 19.2 28.2 8.4 7.5 6.6 1194 1460
SHREVEPORT REGIONAL 32.45N 93.82W 79 -3.8 -2.0 36.9 24.5 35.5 24.6 34.2 24.5 26.3 32.9 25.9 32.2 24.7 19.9 28.5 24.3 19.4 28.2 8.8 7.9 7.2 1176 1408
Maine 5 sites, 16 more on CD-ROM
AUBURN LEWISTON MUNI 44.05N 70.28W 88 -21.2 -17.8 31.0 21.5 28.7 20.7 27.2 19.7 23.1 28.5 21.9 26.8 21.3 16.2 25.9 20.3 15.1 24.7 9.3 8.3 7.3 4240 171
BANGOR INTL 44.81N 68.82W 59 -21.8 -18.9 31.0 21.5 29.0 20.5 27.3 19.4 22.9 28.4 21.8 27.0 21.2 16.0 25.6 20.1 14.9 24.1 10.5 8.8 8.0 4258 197
BRUNSWICK (NAS) 43.90N 69.93W 23 -19.0 -16.6 30.1 21.5 28.2 20.5 26.9 19.6 23.1 28.0 21.9 26.6 21.4 16.1 25.6 20.5 15.2 24.4 10.4 8.7 7.8 4001 204
PORTLAND/INTNL. JET 43.64N 70.30W 19 -17.7 -15.1 30.5 21.8 28.6 21.1 26.9 20.1 23.4 28.4 22.3 26.8 21.7 16.4 26.0 20.9 15.5 24.8 10.4 8.8 7.9 3902 206
SANFORD RGNL 43.39N 70.70W 74 -21.2 -17.6 31.9 21.7 29.5 20.8 27.8 19.9 23.4 29.2 22.3 27.7 22.0 16.8 26.7 20.9 15.7 25.4 9.4 8.3 7.3 4150 194
Maryland 3 sites, 4 more on CD-ROM
ANDREWS AFB/CAMP SP 38.82N 76.85W 88 -9.1 -7.6 33.6 23.4 32.3 23.0 31.1 22.7 25.3 30.3 24.6 29.4 23.9 19.0 26.9 23.0 17.9 26.2 11.0 9.3 8.2 2455 666
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTO 39.17N 76.68W 47 -10.0 -7.8 34.4 23.8 32.9 23.4 31.5 22.8 25.6 31.5 24.9 30.3 24.0 19.0 27.8 23.4 18.3 27.1 10.0 8.5 7.6 2529 701
THOMAS POINT 38.90N 76.43W 12 -8.0 -5.9 30.5 23.7 29.4 23.6 28.4 23.3 26.5 28.2 25.5 27.5 25.9 21.3 27.3 24.9 20.0 26.7 16.8 14.1 11.8 2331 687
Massachusetts 11 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
BARNSTABLE MUNI BOA 41.67N 70.28W 16 -12.3 -9.1 28.9 22.8 27.5 21.9 26.3 21.2 24.2 27.4 23.5 26.1 23.0 17.7 25.3 22.6 17.4 25.0 11.0 9.5 8.6 3262 284
BOSTON/LOGAN INTL 42.36N 71.01W 9 -13.3 -10.6 32.5 22.6 30.9 22.1 29.0 21.2 24.4 29.8 23.5 28.3 22.7 17.4 27.0 21.9 16.6 25.9 12.0 10.8 9.3 3109 417
BUZZARDS BAY 41.38N 71.03W 17 -10.9 -8.5 24.4 N/A 23.5 N/A 22.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 19.6 17.1 15.2 3084 168
CHATHAM MUNI 41.69N 69.99W 21 -11.3 -8.3 27.9 22.4 27.0 22.0 25.6 21.4 23.9 26.8 23.3 25.7 22.9 17.6 25.3 22.5 17.2 24.9 9.7 8.4 7.5 3160 254
LAWRENCE MUNI 42.72N 71.12W 45 -15.9 -12.5 32.4 22.7 31.1 22.2 28.9 21.5 24.3 29.3 23.5 28.2 22.7 17.5 26.5 22.3 17.0 26.2 9.1 8.1 7.3 3384 362
MARTHAS VINEYARD 41.39N 70.62W 21 -12.5 -10.0 28.8 22.5 27.4 21.8 26.2 21.1 24.0 27.1 23.3 25.9 22.8 17.6 25.5 22.5 17.2 24.9 11.6 10.5 9.1 3270 238
NEW BEDFORD RGNL 41.68N 70.96W 24 -13.0 -11.1 31.2 22.9 28.9 22.0 27.6 21.2 24.3 28.7 23.5 27.1 22.9 17.6 25.9 22.5 17.2 25.5 10.3 8.9 8.0 3241 317
NORWOOD MEM 42.19N 71.17W 15 -16.0 -12.7 32.5 22.9 31.1 22.5 28.9 21.6 24.7 29.8 23.9 28.3 23.0 17.7 26.4 22.5 17.2 25.9 9.1 8.1 7.3 3463 323
PLYMOUTH MUNICIPAL 41.91N 70.73W 45 -14.9 -12.3 32.0 22.8 29.1 22.0 27.8 21.1 24.3 28.9 23.6 27.4 22.9 17.7 26.0 22.4 17.2 25.6 10.4 8.9 8.0 3419 307
SOUTH WEYMOUTH NAS 42.15N 70.93W 49 -14.5 -12.0 32.9 23.2 31.0 22.4 29.3 21.5 25.0 30.5 23.8 28.8 23.4 18.3 27.7 22.3 17.1 26.3 8.3 7.4 6.5 3240 359
WORCESTER REGIONAL ARPT 42.27N 71.88W 310 -16.7 -14.0 29.9 21.8 28.3 20.9 27.1 20.0 23.3 27.6 22.4 26.4 22.0 17.4 25.4 21.2 16.4 24.5 11.6 10.2 8.8 3726 257
Michigan 15 sites, 44 more on CD-ROM
DETROIT CITY 42.41N 83.01W 191 -14.9 -12.5 32.6 23.0 31.2 22.3 29.7 21.6 24.7 30.2 23.7 28.8 22.9 18.0 27.7 22.1 17.2 26.8 9.1 8.3 7.7 3327 491
DETROIT/METROPOLITA 42.22N 83.35W 202 -16.1 -13.3 32.5 23.2 30.9 22.6 29.3 21.7 25.0 30.2 23.9 28.6 23.2 18.5 27.9 22.4 17.5 26.8 11.3 9.9 8.7 3391 448
WILLOW RUN 42.24N 83.53W 218 -17.3 -14.3 32.4 23.4 31.0 22.5 29.1 21.5 24.8 30.2 23.8 28.7 23.0 18.2 27.4 22.3 17.5 26.7 11.0 9.6 8.5 3564 377
FLINT/BISHOP INTL 42.97N 83.75W 234 -17.9 -15.3 32.1 23.2 30.4 22.2 28.8 21.3 24.6 29.6 23.5 28.3 22.9 18.2 27.7 22.0 17.2 26.3 10.7 9.1 8.3 3745 330
GRAND RAPIDS/KENT C 42.88N 85.52W 245 -16.5 -14.0 31.9 22.8 30.3 22.1 28.8 21.2 24.6 29.5 23.6 28.1 23.0 18.3 27.5 22.1 17.3 26.3 11.1 9.4 8.5 3675 355
GROSSE ILE MUNI 42.10N 83.17W 180 -13.8 -12.1 32.1 23.4 30.0 23.1 28.0 22.1 25.5 29.1 24.6 28.2 24.1 19.4 27.3 23.0 18.2 26.4 9.3 8.3 7.5 3224 479
TULIP CITY 42.75N 86.10W 210 -13.8 -12.1 31.3 22.9 29.8 22.2 27.9 21.3 24.5 29.0 23.6 27.9 22.8 18.0 27.2 22.3 17.5 26.4 11.5 9.9 8.6 3463 343
JACKSON CO REYNOLDS 42.26N 84.46W 311 -17.5 -14.8 31.3 23.0 29.8 22.2 28.2 21.2 24.4 29.1 23.5 27.9 22.9 18.3 27.2 22.1 17.5 26.3 9.0 8.2 7.6 3677 314
KALAMAZOO BATTLE CR 42.24N 85.55W 266 -16.2 -13.0 32.2 22.7 30.9 22.1 28.8 21.4 24.4 29.2 23.5 28.2 22.7 18.0 27.2 22.2 17.5 26.6 9.7 8.5 7.7 3473 394

Heating DB
LANSING/CAPITAL CIT 42.78N 84.58W 266 -18.3 -15.4 31.9 22.9 30.2 22.2 28.7 21.2 24.6 29.6 23.5 28.1 22.9 18.2 27.4 22.0 17.2 26.2 10.9 9.2 8.3 3786 319
MUSKEGON 43.17N 86.24W 193 -14.9 -12.6 30.1 22.5 28.7 21.7 27.5 20.9 24.1 28.0 23.3 26.8 22.9 18.1 26.5 22.1 17.2 25.7 11.3 10.3 8.9 3677 291
OAKLAND CO INTL 42.67N 83.42W 299 -17.2 -14.6 32.0 22.9 30.1 21.8 28.6 21.1 24.1 29.3 23.0 27.9 22.5 17.8 27.0 21.6 16.8 25.9 10.9 9.3 8.4 3685 356
MBS INTL 43.53N 84.08W 204 -17.5 -15.2 32.2 22.9 30.3 22.0 28.7 21.3 24.6 29.8 23.5 28.3 22.8 18.0 27.4 22.1 17.2 26.4 10.8 9.3 8.4 3838 322
SELFRIDGE ANGB 42.60N 82.83W 177 -16.2 -13.7 32.3 22.9 30.3 22.2 28.8 21.5 24.3 29.4 23.4 28.3 22.6 17.7 26.7 22.2 17.2 26.1 9.4 8.4 7.6 3589 358
ST CLAIR CO INTL 42.91N 82.52W 198 -17.5 -14.7 32.2 23.1 29.9 21.7 28.0 20.8 24.3 29.2 23.2 27.7 22.7 17.9 26.6 22.2 17.3 25.9 8.3 7.4 6.6 3739 258
Minnesota 11 sites, 68 more on CD-ROM
SKY HARBOR 46.72N 92.03W 186 -23.7 -21.3 29.9 22.0 27.8 20.8 26.3 19.7 24.2 28.1 22.8 26.4 22.9 18.0 26.0 22.1 17.2 25.2 12.5 11.1 9.6 4762 166
DULUTH INTL AIRPORT 46.84N 92.19W 432 -27.7 -24.7 29.0 20.9 27.4 19.6 25.8 18.6 22.5 27.3 21.2 25.7 20.8 16.3 25.5 19.5 15.0 24.0 11.1 9.4 8.6 5181 117
FLYING CLOUD 44.83N 93.47W 288 -23.0 -21.1 32.5 23.3 31.2 22.6 29.0 21.5 25.2 30.5 24.0 28.9 23.0 18.4 28.2 22.4 17.7 27.4 9.8 8.6 7.8 4079 429
MANKATA RGNL ARPT 44.22N 93.92W 311 -25.0 -22.4 32.0 23.1 30.0 21.9 28.0 20.8 24.8 29.3 23.6 28.1 23.0 18.5 27.6 22.2 17.6 26.8 12.0 10.8 9.3 4286 334
ANOKA CO BLAINE 45.15N 93.20W 278 -22.8 -21.0 32.3 23.5 30.9 22.8 28.8 21.7 25.4 29.8 24.1 28.5 23.9 19.4 28.3 22.6 18.0 26.8 10.3 8.8 7.9 4187 347
CRYSTAL 45.06N 93.35W 265 -22.8 -21.0 32.5 22.9 31.2 22.2 29.0 21.2 24.8 30.2 23.6 28.8 22.8 18.1 28.1 22.2 17.4 27.2 9.5 8.5 7.7 4178 384
MINNEAPOLIS/ST.PAUL 44.88N 93.23W 255 -24.0 -21.2 32.7 22.7 31.1 22.2 29.3 21.3 24.9 30.6 23.8 28.9 23.0 18.3 28.5 22.0 17.2 27.2 10.9 9.4 8.5 4151 425
ROCHESTER MUNICIPAL 43.90N 92.49W 402 -25.0 -22.3 31.1 23.0 29.3 22.1 27.9 21.2 24.8 29.0 23.6 27.6 23.4 19.2 27.6 22.3 17.9 26.4 12.8 11.5 10.5 4371 286
SOUTH ST PAUL MUNI 44.85N 93.03W 250 -22.8 -20.9 32.5 22.8 31.1 22.1 29.0 21.0 25.0 29.7 23.7 28.3 23.7 19.1 28.0 22.4 17.6 26.5 8.3 7.4 6.4 4112 406
ST. CLOUD MUNICIPAL 45.55N 94.05W 312 -27.3 -24.1 32.2 22.5 30.3 21.6 28.7 20.5 24.6 30.0 23.4 28.6 22.8 18.3 27.8 21.6 16.9 26.5 10.4 8.8 8.0 4680 265
ST PAUL DOWNTOWN HO 44.93N 93.05W 217 -23.9 -21.4 32.4 23.0 31.0 22.3 28.9 21.3 24.9 30.0 23.7 28.7 23.0 18.2 28.0 22.2 17.4 27.0 10.3 9.0 8.2 4146 401
Mississippi 6 sites, 7 more on CD-ROM
HATTIESBURG LAUREL 31.47N 89.34W 91 -3.8 -2.3 35.9 24.3 34.0 23.9 32.9 23.8 25.8 32.1 25.4 31.6 24.1 19.2 28.2 23.7 18.7 28.0 7.2 5.9 5.2 1156 1273
JACKSON/ALLEN C. TH 32.32N 90.08W 101 -4.9 -3.0 35.8 24.7 34.4 24.6 33.4 24.4 26.5 32.4 26.0 31.6 25.1 20.4 28.6 24.5 19.8 28.2 8.3 7.4 6.5 1268 1274
KEESLER AFB 30.41N 88.92W 10 -0.7 1.7 34.1 26.5 33.1 26.2 32.5 26.0 28.4 32.1 27.7 31.2 27.5 23.4 30.5 27.0 22.7 30.0 7.9 7.0 6.0 804 1532
MERIDIAN/KEY FIELD 32.33N 88.75W 95 -5.3 -3.3 35.7 24.4 34.4 24.4 33.3 24.3 26.4 32.1 25.9 31.4 25.0 20.4 28.6 24.4 19.6 28.0 8.3 7.4 6.6 1302 1201
MERIDIAN NAS 32.55N 88.57W 97 -5.3 -2.9 36.3 24.8 35.1 24.8 33.9 24.3 26.8 33.1 26.1 32.5 25.2 20.5 30.0 24.3 19.5 29.0 7.0 5.7 4.9 1282 1272
TUPELO/C.D. LEMONS 34.26N 88.77W 110 -7.2 -4.8 35.8 24.5 34.2 24.2 33.1 24.1 26.2 32.2 25.7 31.5 24.7 19.9 28.7 24.1 19.2 28.3 8.5 7.6 6.9 1619 1113
Missouri 9 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
CAPE GIRARDEAU RGNL 37.23N 89.57W 107 -12.4 -9.2 34.7 25.2 33.5 24.9 32.4 24.5 26.8 32.4 26.0 31.5 25.2 20.6 30.0 24.4 19.6 29.1 9.5 8.5 7.7 2323 851
COLUMBIA REGIONAL 38.82N 92.22W 274 -16.2 -13.0 34.6 24.6 32.9 24.4 31.5 23.8 26.3 31.8 25.5 31.0 24.7 20.4 29.7 23.9 19.4 28.8 10.8 9.2 8.3 2743 693
JEFFERSON CITY MEM 38.59N 92.16W 175 -13.8 -11.2 35.0 24.7 33.0 24.2 32.3 23.9 26.4 31.9 25.6 31.3 24.9 20.4 29.4 23.9 19.1 28.5 9.4 8.3 7.4 2533 776
JOPLIN RGNL 37.15N 94.50W 300 -13.0 -10.1 35.9 24.3 34.1 24.2 32.8 23.9 25.9 32.4 25.4 32.0 24.0 19.6 29.7 23.4 18.9 29.0 11.1 9.7 8.6 2241 910
CHARLES B WHEELER D 39.12N 94.59W 229 -15.0 -12.3 36.0 24.7 34.0 24.4 32.7 24.1 26.4 33.2 25.7 32.1 24.4 19.9 30.3 23.8 19.1 29.8 10.1 8.8 8.2 2523 909
KANSAS CITY INTL 39.30N 94.72W 312 -16.7 -13.8 35.5 24.9 33.6 24.6 32.1 24.1 26.6 32.5 25.7 31.6 24.9 20.8 30.3 24.0 19.6 29.6 11.4 10.3 9.0 2784 762
SPRINGFIELD MUNI 37.24N 93.39W 387 -14.1 -10.9 34.9 23.7 33.1 23.7 31.8 23.5 25.4 31.6 24.9 30.9 23.6 19.4 28.7 23.0 18.6 27.9 10.4 9.0 8.2 2468 759
ST. LOUIS/LAMBERT 38.75N 90.37W 216 -14.1 -11.3 35.3 24.9 33.9 24.5 32.6 23.9 26.4 32.7 25.6 31.8 24.6 20.1 29.9 23.8 19.2 29.4 10.6 9.0 8.1 2464 917
SPIRIT OF ST LOUIS 38.66N 90.66W 141 -14.8 -11.9 35.1 25.2 33.7 24.6 32.4 24.0 26.6 32.7 25.7 31.7 24.9 20.3 30.1 24.0 19.2 29.1 9.3 8.3 7.5 2599 772
Montana 7 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
BILLINGS/LOGAN INT. 45.81N 108.54W 1088 -23.0 -19.5 34.9 17.2 32.9 16.6 31.1 16.3 19.0 29.6 18.1 28.8 15.7 12.8 22.3 14.4 11.7 21.4 12.1 10.9 9.4 3725 350
GALLATIN FLD 45.79N 111.15W 1356 -26.6 -22.2 33.3 16.4 31.5 15.9 29.4 15.3 18.0 28.5 17.1 27.6 14.7 12.4 20.9 13.4 11.3 20.2 9.3 8.1 6.8 4547 129
BERT MOONEY 45.95N 112.51W 1687 -27.9 -23.0 31.1 14.2 29.1 13.6 27.6 13.2 15.8 26.1 15.0 25.3 12.6 11.2 17.2 11.3 10.2 16.7 9.8 8.5 7.7 5058 43
GREAT FALLS 47.45N 111.38W 1130 -25.3 -21.5 32.5 15.7 30.5 15.2 28.7 14.9 17.4 28.3 16.5 27.0 14.0 11.4 19.1 12.8 10.6 19.5 14.0 12.1 11.0 4296 173
GREAT FALLS INTL 47.47N 111.38W 1115 -26.8 -22.8 33.4 16.1 31.5 15.7 29.5 15.3 17.8 29.2 16.9 28.0 14.2 11.6 19.3 13.1 10.8 19.5 14.1 12.3 11.1 4150 181
MALMSTROM AFHP 47.50N 111.19W 1058 -26.9 -22.9 33.5 16.5 31.6 16.1 29.7 15.7 18.1 29.3 17.3 28.5 14.2 11.5 20.7 13.2 10.8 20.4 13.3 11.9 10.4 3826 219
MISSOULA/JOHNSON-BE 46.92N 114.09W 972 -19.9 -16.0 33.8 16.7 32.1 16.4 30.0 15.8 18.4 29.6 17.4 28.7 14.8 11.9 20.5 13.6 10.9 19.9 9.5 8.4 7.4 4096 174
Nebraska 5 sites, 20 more on CD-ROM
GRAND ISLAND COUNTY 40.96N 98.31W 566 -20.2 -17.2 35.4 23.4 33.6 22.9 31.9 22.2 25.2 31.7 24.4 30.9 23.4 19.5 28.9 22.4 18.4 28.0 12.8 11.4 10.2 3378 576
LINCOLN MUNICIPAL 40.83N 96.76W 362 -19.7 -16.9 36.0 24.0 34.0 23.6 32.4 23.1 25.7 32.6 25.0 31.7 23.8 19.5 29.7 22.9 18.4 28.7 12.1 10.9 9.3 3287 658
OFFUTT AFB 41.12N 95.90W 321 -18.6 -16.4 34.9 24.5 32.8 23.9 31.4 23.2 26.5 31.3 25.5 30.3 25.1 21.1 29.0 24.0 19.6 27.9 11.1 9.4 8.4 3263 639
OMAHA/EPPLEY FIELD 41.31N 95.90W 299 -20.2 -17.4 34.7 24.6 33.0 24.0 31.5 23.2 26.3 32.0 25.3 31.0 24.6 20.4 29.9 23.7 19.2 28.9 11.8 10.6 9.1 3347 629
OMAHA 41.37N 96.02W 406 -21.2 -17.8 34.5 23.9 32.7 23.7 31.1 22.8 25.4 31.7 24.6 30.7 23.6 19.3 29.0 22.7 18.3 28.4 10.4 8.6 7.9 3323 607
Nevada 3 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
LAS VEGAS/MCCARRAN 36.08N 115.16W 665 -0.5 1.0 42.5 19.9 41.3 19.5 40.0 19.1 22.5 35.9 21.7 35.1 18.7 14.7 27.6 17.4 13.5 29.2 11.8 10.4 8.9 1119 1937
NELLIS AFB 36.24N 115.03W 569 -2.4 -0.6 42.9 19.7 41.7 19.4 40.4 19.0 22.3 35.1 21.7 35.3 18.8 14.5 27.1 17.2 13.2 28.7 11.5 10.0 8.6 1183 1835
RENO/CANNON INTL 39.48N 119.77W 1341 -11.1 -8.0 35.7 16.4 34.1 15.7 32.8 15.2 17.8 31.8 16.9 30.9 12.8 10.9 21.9 11.0 9.6 21.6 11.4 9.4 8.4 2802 439
New Hampshire 4 sites, 8 more on CD-ROM
CONCORD MUNICIPAL 43.20N 71.50W 106 -19.8 -16.9 32.3 21.9 30.6 21.1 28.9 20.4 23.8 29.4 22.8 27.9 22.1 17.0 25.8 21.2 16.1 25.0 9.4 8.3 7.4 3967 261
JAFFREY ARPT SILVER 42.81N 72.00W 317 -19.0 -17.0 30.3 21.0 28.7 20.5 27.4 19.5 22.8 27.3 22.0 26.2 22.0 17.3 24.7 21.1 16.4 24.0 7.3 6.1 5.4 4068 201
113
114


Heating DB
MANCHESTER 42.93N 71.44W 71 -17.0 -13.8 32.8 22.2 31.4 21.4 29.8 20.8 24.2 29.8 23.2 28.4 22.4 17.3 26.8 21.8 16.6 26.0 8.6 7.9 7.0 3452 406
PEASE INTL TRADEPOR 43.08N 70.82W 31 -16.2 -13.1 32.0 22.6 30.0 21.8 28.0 20.8 24.1 29.4 23.1 27.9 22.5 17.2 26.8 21.7 16.4 25.8 10.3 8.8 7.8 3566 303
New Jersey 7 sites, 3 more on CD-ROM
ATLANTIC CITY INTL 39.46N 74.58W 20 -11.5 -8.9 33.4 23.8 31.9 23.2 30.3 22.7 25.5 30.8 24.8 29.4 24.0 18.9 27.7 23.4 18.3 27.0 11.1 9.5 8.4 2729 563
MONMOUTH EXECUTIVE 40.19N 74.12W 49 -11.3 -8.9 32.7 23.1 31.3 22.4 29.1 21.6 24.6 30.4 23.8 29.0 22.8 17.6 27.2 22.3 17.1 26.8 11.3 9.8 8.6 2836 497
MC GUIRE AFB 40.02N 74.58W 40 -11.2 -8.9 33.7 24.4 32.3 23.7 31.0 23.2 26.2 30.8 25.4 29.8 25.1 20.2 28.1 24.0 18.9 27.5 10.4 8.9 7.9 2702 583
MILLVILLE MUNI 39.37N 75.08W 23 -11.7 -9.0 33.4 23.8 32.1 23.4 30.7 22.8 25.6 30.7 24.9 29.5 24.1 19.1 27.5 23.5 18.4 27.0 9.0 8.2 7.4 2717 588
NEWARK INTL AIRPORT 40.68N 74.17W 9 -10.9 -8.6 34.5 23.7 32.8 22.8 31.3 22.2 25.4 31.5 24.6 29.9 23.7 18.6 27.8 23.0 17.8 27.1 11.2 9.8 8.6 2604 698
TETERBORO 40.85N 74.06W 2 -11.4 -9.0 33.6 23.6 32.1 23.0 30.8 22.3 25.4 30.9 24.4 29.5 23.8 18.6 28.1 22.8 17.6 26.8 9.2 8.3 7.6 2776 583
TRENTON MERCER 40.28N 74.81W 65 -11.2 -8.9 33.8 23.4 32.3 22.9 31.0 22.5 25.1 31.3 24.3 29.6 23.0 17.9 27.4 22.6 17.5 27.1 9.5 8.5 7.8 2768 583
New Mexico 8 sites, 11 more on CD-ROM
ALAMOGORDO WHITE SA 32.84N 105.98W 1280 -6.0 -3.8 37.7 17.7 37.0 17.9 35.1 17.8 21.7 30.4 20.8 29.6 19.1 16.2 24.1 18.6 15.8 24.0 9.9 8.4 7.3 1587 1058
ALBUQUERQUE INTL 35.04N 106.62W 1620 -7.7 -5.8 35.1 15.6 33.9 15.4 32.6 15.4 18.5 27.4 18.0 26.9 16.4 14.3 20.0 15.8 13.7 20.3 12.6 11.1 9.2 2219 761
CANNON AFB 34.38N 103.32W 1309 -10.8 -7.9 36.5 17.4 34.9 17.7 33.4 17.9 21.3 28.8 20.6 28.4 19.4 16.7 23.0 18.6 15.8 22.9 12.6 11.1 9.6 2098 753
CLOVIS MUNI 34.43N 103.07W 1284 -10.0 -7.8 36.1 17.7 34.1 17.7 32.8 17.7 20.9 29.1 20.3 28.6 18.7 15.9 23.5 17.8 15.0 22.6 14.2 12.2 10.9 2269 662
FOUR CORNERS RGNL 36.74N 108.23W 1677 -13.7 -11.2 35.2 15.5 33.8 15.1 32.5 15.0 18.4 27.6 17.8 27.1 16.2 14.2 19.7 15.2 13.2 20.0 11.1 9.5 8.3 2960 507
HOLLOMAN AFB 32.85N 106.10W 1248 -7.3 -5.4 37.4 17.2 36.1 17.2 34.7 17.1 20.5 29.8 19.9 29.4 18.0 15.1 22.2 17.4 14.5 22.3 10.7 8.8 7.6 1793 953
ROSWELL/INDUSTRIAL 33.31N 104.54W 1118 -7.8 -5.9 37.8 18.3 36.6 18.3 35.3 18.3 21.6 30.5 21.0 30.0 19.5 16.3 23.4 18.8 15.6 23.2 11.6 9.5 8.3 1731 1051
WHITE SANDS 32.38N 106.48W 1244 -7.6 -5.3 37.2 17.6 35.8 17.7 34.6 17.7 21.0 30.8 20.5 30.1 18.8 15.9 22.3 18.1 15.2 22.4 8.4 7.2 5.9 1637 1006
New York 19 sites, 17 more on CD-ROM
ALBANY COUNTY AIRPO 42.75N 73.80W 89 -18.3 -15.6 31.8 22.8 30.1 21.8 28.6 21.2 24.2 29.3 23.3 27.9 22.6 17.5 26.8 21.8 16.7 25.9 10.8 9.2 8.3 3646 344
AMBROSE LIGHT 40.45N 73.80W 21 -10.1 -7.9 28.8 N/A 27.1 N/A 25.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18.9 16.5 14.9 2731 391
BINGHAMTON/BROOME C 42.21N 75.98W 499 -17.9 -15.5 29.7 21.1 28.0 20.2 26.6 19.5 22.6 27.1 21.7 25.8 21.2 16.9 24.8 20.4 16.0 23.8 9.3 8.4 7.7 3943 222
GREATER BUFFALO INT 42.94N 78.74W 215 -15.8 -13.6 30.2 21.8 28.8 21.1 27.5 20.5 23.8 27.7 22.9 26.7 22.4 17.6 26.1 21.5 16.6 25.3 12.3 10.9 9.3 3616 313
ELMIRA CORNING RGNL 42.16N 76.89W 291 -17.9 -15.2 32.1 22.1 30.3 21.1 28.7 20.5 23.7 29.1 22.7 27.9 22.2 17.4 26.7 21.2 16.4 25.3 9.1 8.2 7.3 3759 261
GRIFFISS AIRPARK 43.23N 75.41W 158 -20.9 -17.5 31.4 22.5 29.7 21.3 28.0 20.5 23.9 29.5 22.8 27.7 22.2 17.2 27.1 21.2 16.1 25.8 10.2 8.5 7.6 3919 263
LONG ISLAND MAC ART 40.79N 73.10W 30 -11.4 -9.0 31.4 23.0 29.8 22.3 28.2 21.6 24.8 28.6 24.0 27.3 23.7 18.5 26.5 22.9 17.7 25.7 10.7 9.1 8.3 2941 449
CHATAUQUA CO JAMESTO 42.15N 79.25W 525 -17.2 -14.9 28.0 20.8 27.2 20.3 26.0 19.3 22.3 26.6 21.4 25.4 21.1 16.9 25.2 20.0 15.6 23.9 9.6 8.5 7.7 3981 164
NEW YORK/JOHN F. KE 40.66N 73.80W 7 -10.1 -7.9 32.1 22.7 30.3 22.1 28.7 21.7 24.8 28.8 24.1 27.6 23.6 18.5 26.7 23.0 17.7 25.9 12.2 11.0 9.7 2691 547
NEW YORK/LA GUARDIA 40.78N 73.88W 9 -10.1 -7.8 33.6 23.4 32.0 22.6 30.5 22.1 25.0 30.6 24.3 29.2 23.4 18.3 27.2 22.8 17.5 26.8 12.1 11.0 9.6 2531 699
STEWART INTL 41.50N 74.10W 150 -15.2 -12.5 32.3 22.7 30.2 22.1 28.9 21.5 24.4 29.5 23.5 28.3 22.8 17.8 26.6 22.3 17.3 26.2 10.9 9.1 8.2 3296 401
NIAGARA FALLS INTL 43.11N 78.95W 179 -16.1 -13.7 31.1 22.7 29.6 21.8 28.0 21.0 24.2 28.7 23.3 27.6 22.7 17.8 26.8 22.0 17.1 25.9 11.8 10.5 9.1 3658 328
PLATTSBURGH INTL 44.65N 73.47W 71 -23.1 -20.6 30.3 21.8 28.4 20.8 26.8 20.1 23.4 27.9 22.3 26.7 21.9 16.7 26.1 20.8 15.6 24.8 9.2 8.2 7.3 4346 200
DUTCHESS CO 41.63N 73.88W 49 -16.9 -13.6 33.0 23.2 31.5 22.6 29.8 21.8 24.9 30.7 23.9 29.2 23.0 17.8 27.8 22.3 17.1 27.0 8.3 7.5 6.4 3416 390
REPUBLIC 40.73N 73.42W 25 -11.0 -7.9 32.3 23.2 30.3 22.2 28.7 21.8 24.8 29.2 24.1 27.9 23.7 18.6 26.6 22.8 17.6 25.7 11.0 9.6 8.5 2801 507
ROCHESTER-MONROE CO 43.12N 77.68W 169 -16.2 -13.9 31.5 22.9 29.8 21.8 28.2 20.9 24.1 29.2 23.1 27.7 22.5 17.5 27.0 21.6 16.5 25.7 11.2 9.5 8.5 3643 308
SYRACUSE/HANCOCK 43.11N 76.10W 127 -18.5 -15.4 31.8 22.9 30.1 21.8 28.6 21.1 24.1 29.6 23.1 28.1 22.4 17.3 27.2 21.4 16.3 25.9 10.9 9.1 8.2 3654 330
ONEIDA CO 43.15N 75.38W 227 -20.6 -17.2 30.7 22.5 29.0 21.4 27.6 20.6 23.9 28.5 22.9 27.1 22.4 17.6 26.2 21.4 16.5 25.2 9.3 8.4 7.7 3930 257
WESTCHESTER CO 41.07N 73.71W 121 -12.8 -10.7 32.1 23.3 30.3 22.3 28.7 21.6 24.7 29.4 23.8 28.0 23.0 18.1 26.3 22.5 17.5 25.8 9.7 8.3 7.4 3088 416
North Carolina 14 sites, 22 more on CD-ROM
ASHEVILLE MUNICIPAL 35.43N 82.54W 661 -9.6 -7.3 31.3 21.8 29.9 21.5 28.8 21.0 23.3 28.4 22.7 27.6 21.9 18.0 25.2 21.3 17.3 24.6 10.3 8.7 7.8 2302 469
CHARLOTTE/DOUGLAS 35.21N 80.94W 234 -6.1 -3.9 34.6 23.6 33.3 23.3 32.2 23.0 25.1 31.3 24.5 30.5 23.4 18.7 27.2 22.9 18.1 26.7 8.3 7.4 6.4 1703 952
FAYETTEVILLE RGNL G 34.99N 78.88W 60 -5.4 -3.1 35.9 24.6 34.0 24.0 32.8 23.8 26.2 32.1 25.6 31.2 24.8 20.0 28.0 24.1 19.1 27.5 9.0 8.0 7.0 1536 1087
FORT BRAGG/SIMMONS 35.13N 78.94W 74 -5.6 -3.5 36.1 24.6 34.8 24.4 33.4 24.0 26.3 32.7 25.7 31.9 24.6 19.8 29.0 24.0 19.1 28.5 7.9 6.6 5.6 1548 1151
GREENSBORO/G.-HIGH 36.10N 79.94W 270 -7.5 -5.5 33.7 23.5 32.5 23.2 31.3 22.7 25.0 31.0 24.3 29.9 23.1 18.5 27.3 22.7 18.0 26.7 8.9 7.9 7.1 2003 803
HICKORY RGNL 35.74N 81.39W 362 -7.1 -4.8 33.8 22.4 32.5 22.4 31.2 22.1 24.3 30.0 23.8 29.3 22.7 18.2 26.2 22.3 17.7 25.7 7.8 6.7 5.8 1949 765
JACKSONVILLE (AWOS) 34.83N 77.61W 29 -6.4 -4.0 34.4 24.9 33.0 24.4 32.3 24.0 26.4 32.7 25.7 31.4 24.7 19.8 29.4 23.9 18.9 28.4 8.9 7.9 6.9 1648 956
NEW RIVER MCAS 34.70N 77.43W 8 -4.9 -2.9 33.9 25.6 32.7 25.3 31.8 25.0 27.0 31.7 26.3 31.0 26.0 21.3 29.5 25.0 20.1 28.8 9.0 8.0 7.1 1415 1076
PITT GREENVILLE 35.64N 77.38W 8 -6.2 -4.0 35.1 24.6 33.9 24.0 32.8 23.6 26.1 32.9 25.3 31.4 24.1 19.0 28.3 23.7 18.5 27.9 8.4 7.4 6.3 1628 1068
POPE AFB 35.17N 79.03W 61 -6.2 -4.0 36.2 24.1 34.1 23.7 32.8 23.6 26.4 31.0 25.8 30.6 25.3 20.6 27.3 24.9 20.1 27.1 8.4 7.4 6.3 1600 1106
RALEIGH/RALEIGH-DUR 35.87N 78.79W 133 -6.9 -4.6 34.9 24.3 33.5 24.0 32.3 23.6 25.7 32.1 25.2 31.2 24.1 19.3 28.2 23.5 18.6 27.5 8.5 7.5 6.7 1819 926
SEYMOUR JOHNSON AFB 35.34N 77.96W 34 -5.4 -3.2 36.1 24.8 34.7 24.4 33.2 24.1 26.7 32.1 26.0 31.3 25.2 20.5 28.5 24.8 19.9 28.2 8.3 7.3 6.3 1519 1141
WILMINGTON 34.27N 77.90W 10 -4.1 -2.4 33.7 25.0 32.3 24.6 31.2 24.2 26.2 31.1 25.7 30.1 25.0 20.1 28.4 24.5 19.5 28.0 9.5 8.4 7.5 1358 1128
SMITH REYNOLDS 36.13N 80.22W 296 -7.3 -4.9 33.8 23.1 32.6 22.8 31.4 22.4 24.7 30.6 24.0 29.7 22.8 18.2 27.0 22.4 17.7 26.6 8.1 7.1 6.0 1927 823
North Dakota 6 sites, 7 more on CD-ROM
BISMARCK MUNICIPAL 46.77N 100.75W 506 -28.1 -25.0 34.4 20.9 32.3 20.4 30.4 19.8 23.6 30.1 22.3 29.1 21.6 17.3 27.7 20.1 15.8 26.1 12.2 10.9 9.3 4664 303
FARGO/HECTOR FIELD 46.93N 96.81W 274 -28.5 -25.8 32.6 22.2 30.9 21.3 29.2 20.4 24.1 29.6 23.0 28.6 22.4 17.7 27.7 21.1 16.3 26.8 12.6 11.3 10.3 4849 308

Heating DB
GRAND FORKS AFB 47.95N 97.40W 278 -27.9 -26.0 32.2 23.2 30.0 21.6 28.0 20.2 25.1 29.1 23.4 27.8 23.9 19.4 27.3 22.3 17.6 25.7 12.4 11.1 9.8 5109 226
GRAND FORKS INTL 47.95N 97.18W 254 -30.0 -27.3 32.2 21.7 30.2 20.8 28.6 20.0 23.8 29.1 22.5 28.0 22.1 17.3 27.3 20.7 15.8 25.9 12.0 10.9 9.3 5178 236
MINOT AFB 48.43N 101.36W 508 -30.8 -27.6 33.9 20.2 31.8 19.7 29.7 19.1 22.8 30.0 21.5 28.4 20.8 16.5 26.3 19.1 14.8 24.8 12.9 11.6 10.2 5013 239
MINOT INTL 48.26N 101.28W 522 -28.4 -25.5 32.9 20.3 31.0 20.0 28.9 18.9 23.0 29.0 21.6 27.7 21.2 16.9 26.6 19.7 15.4 25.0 12.5 11.1 9.8 4831 247
Ohio 13 sites, 15 more on CD-ROM
AKRON/AKRON-CANTON 40.92N 81.44W 377 -16.2 -13.4 31.6 22.7 30.1 22.1 28.6 21.3 24.2 29.1 23.3 27.9 22.6 18.2 26.9 21.9 17.3 25.8 10.4 8.9 8.1 3363 382
CINCINNATI MUNI LUN 39.10N 84.42W 152 -13.3 -10.3 33.8 23.6 32.4 23.4 31.1 22.9 25.5 31.1 24.9 30.1 24.0 19.2 28.1 23.2 18.3 27.3 9.1 8.2 7.4 2636 642
CLEVELAND 41.41N 81.85W 245 -15.5 -12.4 32.0 23.2 30.5 22.5 29.0 21.7 24.6 29.7 23.7 28.3 22.9 18.2 27.4 22.2 17.4 26.4 10.9 9.3 8.4 3250 430
COLUMBUS/PORT COLUM 39.99N 82.88W 249 -15.0 -12.0 32.9 23.1 31.7 22.7 30.3 22.0 24.9 30.5 24.1 29.2 23.1 18.4 27.4 22.5 17.7 26.8 10.0 8.4 7.5 2919 564
DAYTON/JAMES M COX 39.91N 84.22W 306 -16.7 -13.3 32.4 23.1 31.1 22.7 29.7 21.9 24.7 30.1 24.0 28.9 23.0 18.4 27.7 22.4 17.7 26.9 10.9 9.3 8.4 3062 525
FINDLAY 41.01N 83.67W 248 -17.2 -14.0 32.5 22.9 31.2 22.4 29.5 21.5 24.7 30.1 23.8 28.6 22.9 18.2 27.9 22.2 17.5 26.9 11.1 9.4 8.5 3294 449
FAIRFIELD CO 39.76N 82.66W 265 -16.9 -12.6 32.5 23.0 31.3 22.8 29.9 22.1 24.8 30.2 24.1 28.8 22.9 18.2 27.3 22.5 17.7 26.8 9.0 7.9 7.1 3033 450
MANSFIELD LAHM RGNL 40.82N 82.52W 400 -17.2 -14.1 31.2 22.8 29.7 22.1 28.4 21.3 24.2 29.2 23.4 28.0 22.7 18.3 27.2 22.0 17.5 26.2 10.9 9.3 8.4 3418 366
OHIO STATE UNIVERSI 40.08N 83.08W 276 -15.0 -12.2 32.4 22.9 31.2 22.7 29.8 21.9 24.6 29.9 23.8 28.6 22.8 18.1 27.3 22.4 17.7 26.7 9.8 8.5 7.7 3016 506
RICKENBACKER INTL 39.80N 82.92W 227 -14.1 -11.3 33.7 24.0 32.5 23.6 31.3 23.1 26.9 30.4 25.8 29.8 26.2 22.2 29.0 24.7 20.3 28.0 10.6 8.9 7.9 2762 642
TOLEDO EXPRESS 41.59N 83.80W 211 -17.0 -14.0 32.9 23.3 31.4 22.6 29.9 21.9 25.1 30.5 24.1 29.0 23.4 18.7 28.2 22.6 17.7 27.0 10.9 9.2 8.3 3374 443
DAYTON/WRIGHT-PATTE 39.83N 84.05W 251 -16.0 -12.5 32.6 23.2 31.3 23.0 30.0 22.2 25.0 29.6 24.2 28.8 23.8 19.2 27.0 22.8 18.0 26.2 9.6 8.4 7.6 2945 532
YOUNGSTOWN MUNI 41.25N 80.67W 362 -16.2 -13.4 31.4 22.5 29.9 21.7 28.5 20.9 23.9 29.1 23.0 27.7 22.3 17.8 26.4 21.5 16.9 25.3 9.5 8.4 7.7 3443 324
Oklahoma 9 sites, 11 more on CD-ROM
FORT SILL 34.65N 98.40W 362 -9.8 -6.5 38.2 22.8 37.0 22.8 35.3 23.0 25.3 32.8 24.7 32.1 23.4 19.0 28.1 22.7 18.2 27.5 11.0 9.5 8.6 1776 1176
LAWTON MUNICIPAL 34.57N 98.42W 338 -7.9 -6.2 39.1 23.0 37.9 23.2 37.1 23.2 25.6 33.7 25.1 33.0 23.1 18.6 28.2 22.8 18.3 28.1 11.6 10.3 9.0 1760 1262
OKLAHOMA CITY/W. RO 35.39N 97.60W 398 -10.0 -7.3 37.5 23.4 36.1 23.5 34.5 23.4 25.5 32.8 24.9 32.2 23.5 19.2 28.7 22.9 18.5 27.9 12.3 11.2 10.1 1910 1083
OKLAHOMA CITY/WILEY 35.53N 97.65W 396 -10.8 -7.6 37.5 23.3 36.2 23.3 34.3 23.2 25.2 32.9 24.7 32.2 22.9 18.6 28.5 22.5 18.1 28.0 12.0 10.9 9.8 1937 1137
STILLWATER RGNL 36.16N 97.09W 300 -10.2 -7.7 38.7 24.1 37.3 24.2 35.2 24.3 26.2 34.4 25.6 33.6 23.9 19.5 30.1 23.0 18.4 28.9 11.1 9.8 8.8 1994 1112
TINKER AFB 35.42N 97.38W 397 -9.0 -7.3 37.4 22.7 36.0 22.8 33.9 22.8 25.2 31.8 24.5 31.1 23.0 18.6 27.2 22.7 18.3 27.0 11.7 10.6 9.2 1879 1064
TULSA INTL ARPT(AW) 36.20N 95.89W 206 -10.5 -7.6 37.4 24.4 36.0 24.5 34.4 24.2 26.2 33.6 25.6 32.9 24.1 19.5 29.7 23.6 18.8 29.3 11.0 9.6 8.7 1919 1139
RICHARD LLOYD JONES 36.04N 95.98W 191 -9.0 -7.4 37.8 24.8 37.0 25.0 35.0 24.8 26.4 34.5 25.8 33.7 24.1 19.4 29.7 23.8 19.1 29.4 8.9 8.0 7.2 1946 1122
VANCE AFB 36.34N 97.99W 398 -12.2 -9.1 38.0 23.0 36.9 23.0 35.1 23.2 25.2 33.1 24.6 32.4 23.0 18.6 27.8 22.5 18.1 27.6 12.3 11.0 9.7 2187 1036
Oregon 9 sites, 18 more on CD-ROM
AURORA STATE 45.25N 122.77W 60 -3.0 -2.1 33.0 19.4 31.3 19.2 28.8 18.6 21.1 30.2 20.1 28.9 17.7 12.8 24.3 17.2 12.4 23.2 8.1 7.0 5.7 2453 211
CORVALLIS MUNI 44.50N 123.29W 75 -3.9 -2.4 33.8 19.4 32.1 18.8 29.8 17.9 20.3 31.7 19.4 30.5 16.1 11.5 24.8 14.7 10.6 24.2 8.9 8.0 7.2 2364 221
EUGENE/MAHLON SWEET 44.13N 123.21W 114 -4.8 -2.6 33.2 19.2 31.1 18.7 28.9 18.0 20.5 30.8 19.5 29.3 16.8 12.1 23.7 15.8 11.4 22.4 8.7 7.8 7.1 2577 150
MC MINNVILLE MUNI 45.20N 123.13W 49 -2.9 -2.1 33.0 18.9 31.3 18.8 28.9 18.2 20.4 30.7 19.4 29.5 17.0 12.2 23.3 16.0 11.4 22.2 9.2 7.9 6.9 2596 159
MEDFORD-JACKSON COU 42.39N 122.87W 405 -5.0 -3.3 37.3 19.4 35.3 18.8 33.4 18.1 20.5 34.6 19.6 33.1 15.7 11.7 23.4 14.6 10.9 23.2 8.2 6.9 5.6 2369 463
PORTLAND INTL ARPT 45.59N 122.60W 33 -3.8 -1.4 33.0 19.6 30.8 19.2 28.7 18.5 20.8 30.5 20.0 29.2 17.3 12.4 24.0 16.5 11.8 22.8 10.6 8.8 7.8 2341 241
PORTLAND/HILLSBORO 45.54N 122.95W 70 -4.9 -2.8 33.5 20.0 31.3 19.5 28.9 18.6 21.4 31.2 20.2 29.6 17.6 12.7 24.9 16.5 11.8 23.1 8.4 7.5 6.4 2636 157
ROBERTS FLD 44.25N 121.15W 940 -14.7 -10.8 33.9 16.5 32.3 16.0 30.6 15.4 17.6 31.4 16.7 30.0 12.6 10.2 19.5 11.5 9.5 19.4 9.3 8.3 7.5 3594 132
SALEM/MCNARY 44.91N 123.00W 61 -4.7 -2.6 33.5 19.4 31.2 18.8 29.0 18.1 20.4 31.4 19.5 29.6 16.4 11.7 22.8 15.5 11.1 22.4 9.3 8.2 7.3 2518 174
Pennsylvania 14 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
ALLENTOWN/A.-BETHLE 40.65N 75.45W 117 -13.1 -10.8 32.8 23.2 31.3 22.5 29.8 21.8 24.9 30.2 24.0 28.7 23.2 18.3 27.3 22.5 17.4 26.5 10.5 8.8 7.9 3084 466
ALTOONA BLAIR CO 40.30N 78.32W 448 -14.5 -12.2 31.3 22.1 29.8 21.6 28.2 20.8 23.7 28.8 22.9 27.7 22.2 17.9 26.6 21.3 16.9 25.5 10.3 8.5 7.6 3306 340
BUTLER CO SCHOLTER F 40.78N 79.94W 380 -16.0 -12.9 31.2 22.1 29.2 21.3 27.9 20.5 23.6 28.6 22.7 27.5 22.3 17.8 26.6 21.3 16.7 25.2 8.0 7.0 5.8 3383 305
ERIE INTL AIRPORT 42.08N 80.18W 225 -14.0 -12.0 30.4 22.8 29.0 22.1 27.7 21.4 24.1 28.2 23.3 27.3 22.7 17.9 27.0 21.9 17.0 25.9 10.9 9.5 8.7 3378 366
HARRISBURG/CAPITAL 40.22N 76.85W 106 -11.9 -9.2 33.6 23.2 32.2 22.5 30.9 22.1 24.8 30.6 24.1 29.2 23.0 18.0 27.0 22.5 17.4 26.4 9.2 8.2 7.4 2838 587
HARRISBURG INTL 40.19N 76.76W 95 -11.3 -9.1 33.5 23.9 32.1 23.4 30.5 22.6 25.6 31.0 24.7 29.6 24.0 19.1 28.3 23.1 18.0 27.2 11.5 10.3 8.5 2803 617
PHILADELPHIA INTL 39.87N 75.23W 9 -10.1 -7.8 34.1 24.0 32.7 23.5 31.3 22.7 25.7 31.4 25.0 30.2 24.1 19.1 28.1 23.5 18.3 27.4 11.0 9.3 8.4 2507 740
NORTHEAST PHILADELPH 40.08N 75.01W 36 -10.9 -8.4 34.0 24.1 32.6 23.4 31.3 22.8 25.8 31.5 24.9 30.4 24.1 19.1 28.2 23.1 17.9 27.2 9.8 8.4 7.7 2641 654
ALLEGHENY CO 40.36N 79.92W 388 -14.7 -12.2 32.2 22.4 30.8 21.8 29.1 21.0 23.9 29.3 23.1 28.2 22.4 17.9 26.6 21.5 17.0 25.7 9.1 8.2 7.5 3021 473
GREATER PITTSBURGH I 40.50N 80.23W 367 -14.9 -12.3 32.1 22.5 30.6 21.7 29.1 21.0 24.0 29.3 23.2 28.1 22.4 17.9 26.7 21.6 17.0 25.7 10.3 8.7 7.9 3102 434
READING RGNL CARL A 40.37N 75.96W 108 -12.3 -9.8 33.7 23.4 32.2 22.8 30.9 22.2 25.0 30.9 24.1 29.3 23.0 18.0 27.8 22.5 17.4 27.1 10.2 8.6 7.9 2873 554
WASHINGTON CO 40.14N 80.28W 361 -16.1 -12.9 31.3 21.5 29.7 20.9 28.3 20.2 23.1 28.4 22.3 27.8 21.3 16.7 26.1 20.9 16.3 25.4 8.6 7.6 6.6 3313 299
WILKES-BARRE-SCRANT 41.34N 75.73W 293 -15.3 -12.7 31.8 22.2 30.1 21.3 28.6 20.5 23.8 28.9 22.9 27.6 22.3 17.6 26.2 21.4 16.7 25.2 9.0 8.1 7.3 3381 354
WILLOW GROVE NAS JR 40.20N 75.15W 110 -11.3 -9.0 33.7 23.7 32.3 23.0 30.9 22.3 25.3 31.4 24.5 30.0 23.5 18.6 28.4 22.7 17.7 27.6 8.4 7.4 6.3 2726 597
Rhode Island 1 site, 2 more on CD-ROM
PROVIDENCE/GREEN ST 41.72N 71.43W 19 -13.1 -10.6 32.3 23.0 30.4 22.2 28.8 21.4 24.7 29.5 23.8 27.8 23.3 18.1 26.8 22.6 17.3 25.9 10.9 9.2 8.4 3090 413
115
116


Heating DB
South Carolina 6 sites, 8 more on CD-ROM
CHARLESTON MUNI 32.90N 80.04W 15 -2.6 -0.9 34.6 25.6 33.4 25.3 32.4 25.0 27.1 31.7 26.6 31.0 26.0 21.4 29.1 25.4 20.6 28.6 9.1 8.2 7.4 1044 1309
COLUMBIA METRO 33.94N 81.12W 69 -5.1 -3.0 36.2 24.0 34.9 23.9 33.6 23.6 25.8 32.2 25.4 31.5 24.3 19.4 27.9 23.8 18.8 27.5 8.7 7.6 6.8 1389 1203
FLORENCE RGNL 34.19N 79.73W 46 -4.6 -2.7 35.7 24.8 34.1 24.4 33.0 24.1 26.3 32.5 25.7 31.6 24.8 19.9 28.7 24.1 19.1 27.9 8.7 7.9 7.1 1349 1168
FOLLY ISLAND 32.68N 79.88W 5 -0.3 1.4 30.8 25.4 30.1 25.4 29.5 25.3 26.9 29.4 26.3 29.0 26.0 21.4 28.9 25.5 20.7 28.3 14.8 11.7 10.3 1068 1181
GREENVILLE/GREENVIL 34.90N 82.22W 296 -6.0 -3.8 34.7 23.2 33.2 23.1 32.1 22.7 25.1 31.1 24.5 30.1 23.4 18.9 26.9 22.9 18.3 26.4 8.7 7.8 7.1 1711 906
SHAW AFB/SUMTER 33.97N 80.48W 73 -4.1 -2.6 35.3 24.0 34.0 24.0 32.7 23.8 26.2 32.4 25.6 31.3 24.8 20.0 28.2 24.0 19.1 27.5 8.6 7.6 6.8 1346 1156
South Dakota 3 sites, 16 more on CD-ROM
ELLSWORTH AFB 44.15N 103.10W 999 -23.0 -19.8 35.4 18.7 33.0 18.5 31.2 18.1 21.5 29.8 20.5 28.9 18.9 15.5 25.6 17.7 14.3 24.3 15.5 12.9 11.2 3823 371
RAPID CITY/REGIONAL 44.05N 103.05W 966 -22.9 -19.7 36.2 18.8 33.9 18.6 31.9 18.2 21.6 29.7 20.6 29.3 19.1 15.6 25.4 18.0 14.5 24.3 15.7 13.7 11.7 3889 373
SIOUX FALLS/FOSS FI 43.58N 96.75W 435 -24.6 -21.8 33.5 23.1 31.6 22.8 30.0 21.8 25.1 30.7 24.1 29.6 23.5 19.3 28.5 22.4 18.1 27.6 12.3 11.0 9.5 4150 414
Tennessee 7 sites, 3 more on CD-ROM
TRI CITIES RGNL 36.48N 82.40W 465 -10.6 -8.0 32.5 22.1 31.2 21.9 30.0 21.7 23.9 29.5 23.4 28.7 22.4 18.0 26.1 21.8 17.4 25.5 8.4 7.4 6.2 2341 574
CHATTANOOGA/LOVELL 35.03N 85.20W 210 -7.2 -4.9 35.0 23.8 33.7 23.5 32.5 23.2 25.5 31.7 25.0 30.9 23.9 19.2 27.5 23.3 18.5 27.0 8.0 7.1 6.1 1747 979
MC KELLAR SIPES RGN 35.59N 88.92W 129 -9.2 -7.1 35.0 24.8 33.8 24.7 32.6 24.4 26.6 32.4 25.9 31.6 25.0 20.4 29.7 24.1 19.4 28.9 8.7 8.0 7.1 1904 970
KNOXVILLE MUNICIPAL 35.82N 83.99W 299 -8.6 -6.2 33.9 23.3 32.6 23.1 31.4 22.8 25.1 31.0 24.5 30.1 23.3 18.8 27.4 22.8 18.2 26.9 9.1 7.9 6.8 1997 841
MEMPHIS INTL ARPT 35.06N 89.99W 101 -7.4 -5.0 35.9 25.1 34.6 24.8 33.5 24.5 26.7 33.1 26.1 32.3 24.9 20.3 29.9 24.3 19.5 29.4 9.0 8.1 7.4 1610 1252
MILLINGTON MUNI ARP 35.35N 89.87W 98 -8.0 -5.9 36.8 25.9 35.2 24.9 33.8 24.6 27.4 33.9 26.4 33.0 26.0 21.6 31.4 24.5 19.7 30.1 8.3 7.3 6.3 1735 1128
NASHVILLE/METROPOLI 36.12N 86.69W 184 -9.6 -7.1 34.9 23.8 33.5 23.7 32.4 23.4 25.6 31.6 25.1 31.0 24.0 19.3 28.3 23.4 18.5 27.7 8.7 7.8 7.0 1954 961
Texas 51 sites, 34 more on CD-ROM
ABILENE DYESS AFB 32.43N 99.85W 545 -7.3 -4.8 38.7 22.2 37.4 22.2 36.1 22.2 25.1 32.8 24.4 32.2 23.1 19.1 27.4 22.5 18.4 27.1 11.3 9.9 8.7 1393 1409
ABILENE MUNICIPAL 32.41N 99.68W 546 -6.6 -4.1 37.4 21.5 36.3 21.6 35.0 21.6 24.2 31.6 23.7 31.1 22.3 18.2 26.7 21.8 17.6 26.3 11.6 10.6 9.2 1379 1327
AMARILLO INTL 35.22N 101.71W 1099 -12.4 -9.1 36.3 19.0 34.8 19.1 33.4 19.0 21.8 30.1 21.2 29.6 19.6 16.4 24.0 19.0 15.7 23.6 13.1 11.8 10.8 2279 759
AUSTIN/MUELLER MUNI 30.18N 97.68W 151 -3.0 -1.2 37.7 23.6 36.8 23.7 35.6 24.0 26.1 32.1 25.7 31.6 24.9 20.3 27.6 24.3 19.6 27.2 9.5 8.5 7.7 928 1646
BROWNSVILLE INTL 25.91N 97.43W 7 3.4 5.6 35.2 25.4 34.6 25.4 33.9 25.4 27.1 31.1 26.8 30.9 26.3 21.7 28.3 25.9 21.3 28.2 11.7 10.7 9.3 299 2214
AUSTIN CAMP MABRY 30.32N 97.77W 201 -2.0 0.2 37.6 23.4 36.6 23.6 35.5 23.7 25.8 31.6 25.5 31.3 24.6 20.1 27.2 24.1 19.5 26.9 8.6 7.6 6.9 832 1718
EASTERWOOD FLD 30.59N 96.36W 100 -2.4 -0.2 37.5 24.3 36.3 24.3 35.2 24.4 26.6 32.7 26.0 31.8 25.1 20.5 28.5 24.7 19.9 28.0 9.0 8.2 7.4 882 1683
CORPUS CHRISTI/INT. 27.77N 97.51W 13 1.3 3.3 35.7 25.5 34.8 25.5 33.9 25.4 27.3 31.8 26.9 31.3 26.3 21.7 28.4 26.0 21.3 28.3 12.2 11.1 10.2 478 1961
CORPUS CHRISTE NAS 27.70N 97.28W 6 2.9 5.2 33.9 26.4 33.2 26.3 32.8 26.3 28.0 31.3 27.6 31.0 27.3 23.2 29.3 26.5 22.1 29.2 11.4 10.4 9.1 395 2102
DALLAS HENSLEY FIELD NAS 32.73N 96.97W 151 -5.8 -2.7 37.6 24.2 36.4 24.1 35.1 23.9 26.1 33.4 25.5 32.9 24.1 19.4 29.8 23.4 18.6 29.0 9.2 8.4 7.6 1206 1513
DALLAS LOVE FLD 32.85N 96.85W 149 -4.2 -2.1 37.9 24.1 37.1 24.1 35.9 24.0 26.4 33.6 25.7 32.9 24.5 19.9 29.5 23.9 19.1 28.8 10.0 8.9 8.2 1143 1636
DALLAS EXECUTIVE 32.68N 96.87W 205 -3.0 -2.2 37.9 23.8 37.2 23.8 36.0 23.7 25.7 33.3 25.3 32.7 23.9 19.2 28.0 23.0 18.2 27.5 10.2 8.7 7.9 1176 1536
DALLAS-FORT WORTH/F 32.90N 97.04W 182 -5.0 -2.6 38.0 23.6 37.0 23.7 35.8 23.9 25.9 33.1 25.5 32.7 24.1 19.4 28.7 23.6 18.8 28.2 11.6 10.5 9.2 1218 1547
DEL RIO INTL 29.37N 100.92W 313 -0.3 1.5 38.7 22.4 37.5 22.4 36.5 22.3 25.3 31.8 24.9 31.4 23.8 19.4 27.5 23.1 18.5 27.3 9.3 8.3 7.5 705 1911
DRAUGHON MILLER CEN 31.15N 97.40W 208 -3.9 -2.2 37.6 23.4 36.7 23.5 35.5 23.5 25.6 32.7 25.2 32.2 23.9 19.2 27.6 23.1 18.4 27.2 11.1 10.0 8.9 1097 1519
EL PASO INTL ARPT 31.81N 106.38W 1194 -4.5 -2.5 38.1 18.0 36.9 17.8 35.6 17.8 21.2 30.0 20.7 29.5 19.3 16.3 22.7 18.6 15.6 22.8 11.8 10.0 8.4 1324 1322
ROBERT GRAY AAF 31.07N 97.83W 309 -2.7 -1.2 37.8 22.2 37.1 22.3 35.4 22.5 24.9 30.7 24.5 30.5 23.8 19.4 25.7 22.9 18.4 25.4 10.2 8.8 8.1 1009 1564
FORT WORTH ALLIANCE 32.97N 97.32W 220 -5.3 -3.0 38.8 23.6 37.5 23.7 36.3 23.5 25.7 33.6 25.3 33.1 23.8 19.1 28.7 23.0 18.2 28.0 10.6 9.3 8.4 1313 1482
FORT WORTH MEACHAM 32.82N 97.36W 215 -5.6 -3.0 38.1 23.7 37.2 23.7 36.0 23.7 25.8 33.2 25.3 32.8 24.0 19.4 28.7 23.4 18.6 28.1 10.0 8.9 8.2 1252 1513
FORT WORTH NAS JRB 32.77N 97.44W 198 -5.6 -2.6 38.0 23.6 37.2 23.7 36.0 23.8 26.1 33.3 25.5 32.8 24.3 19.7 28.9 23.6 18.9 28.5 10.8 9.2 8.4 1194 1547
GALVESTON 29.27N 94.86W 3 2.2 4.0 32.9 26.2 32.5 26.1 32.2 26.1 27.5 30.5 27.2 30.3 27.1 22.8 29.0 26.3 21.7 29.1 11.2 9.9 8.8 562 1801
GEORGETOWN MUNI 30.68N 97.67W 240 -3.1 -2.1 37.4 22.8 36.2 22.7 35.0 22.8 25.0 31.8 24.5 31.3 23.0 18.2 26.7 22.7 17.9 26.7 9.4 8.4 7.7 1087 1518
VALLEY INTL 26.23N 97.65W 11 2.6 4.9 37.1 25.3 36.2 25.4 35.3 25.4 27.4 32.1 26.9 31.7 26.3 21.8 28.4 26.1 21.5 28.3 12.4 11.2 10.4 318 2262
HOUSTON/INTERCONTIN 29.99N 95.36W 32 -0.9 1.0 36.2 24.8 35.1 24.8 34.1 24.8 26.8 31.6 26.3 31.2 25.7 21.0 28.3 25.2 20.4 28.0 8.8 7.9 7.3 762 1699
WILLIAM P HOBBY 29.65N 95.28W 14 0.5 2.5 35.2 25.3 34.1 25.2 33.4 25.1 26.9 31.6 26.6 31.2 26.0 21.3 28.4 25.4 20.6 28.2 9.3 8.4 7.7 649 1756
HOUSTON/D.W. HOOKS 30.06N 95.55W 46 -1.2 1.0 37.0 24.5 35.2 24.8 33.9 24.7 26.8 31.2 26.3 31.0 26.1 21.6 28.1 25.2 20.4 27.9 7.9 7.1 6.1 807 1652
HOUSTON/ELLINGTON 29.61N 95.16W 10 0.0 2.2 35.6 25.7 34.7 25.7 33.8 25.7 27.3 32.2 26.9 31.9 26.2 21.7 28.9 25.8 21.2 28.9 8.7 7.9 7.1 693 1731
LACKLAND AFB KELLY 29.38N 98.58W 211 -1.7 0.5 37.7 23.9 36.7 23.8 35.6 23.7 26.7 32.4 26.1 31.3 25.2 20.9 28.6 24.9 20.5 28.3 8.9 7.9 7.0 773 1768
KILLEEN MUNI (AWOS) 31.09N 97.69W 259 -3.0 -1.4 37.5 23.5 36.6 23.4 35.3 23.6 25.5 33.2 25.1 32.7 23.3 18.6 28.1 22.9 18.2 27.9 9.9 8.9 8.1 1049 1564
LAREDO INTL AIRPORT 27.55N 99.47W 155 1.4 3.6 39.0 23.0 38.0 23.0 37.3 23.1 25.8 32.6 25.4 32.1 24.3 19.6 27.4 23.9 19.1 27.3 11.0 9.8 9.0 466 2305
LAUGHLIN AFB 29.36N 100.78W 330 -0.9 1.2 40.0 22.6 38.7 23.0 37.4 22.9 26.0 32.9 25.3 32.6 24.2 19.8 28.5 23.5 19.0 28.1 10.1 8.8 7.9 677 1954
LONGVIEW 32.39N 94.71W 114 -4.0 -2.3 37.4 24.2 36.1 24.3 34.2 24.1 26.2 32.6 25.7 32.0 24.5 19.8 28.1 24.1 19.2 27.8 8.9 8.0 7.1 1172 1406
LUBBOCK/LUBBOCK INT 33.67N 101.82W 988 -8.9 -6.7 37.2 19.3 35.9 19.7 34.4 19.8 22.9 30.9 22.3 30.3 20.9 17.5 25.1 20.1 16.7 24.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 1819 1026
ANGELINA CO 31.23N 94.75W 96 -2.7 -1.2 37.1 24.7 35.4 24.9 34.1 24.7 26.7 32.5 26.2 31.9 25.2 20.6 28.2 24.9 20.2 28.1 8.0 7.2 6.4 1026 1470
MC GREGOR EXECUTIVE 31.49N 97.30W 180 -3.8 -2.2 37.8 23.7 37.2 23.8 36.1 23.7 25.9 33.2 25.5 33.0 24.0 19.3 28.4 23.6 18.9 28.1 10.4 9.1 8.3 1157 1512
MC ALLEN MILLER INT 26.18N 98.24W 34 3.3 5.6 37.9 24.6 37.2 24.7 36.3 24.7 26.9 32.8 26.5 32.1 26.0 21.4 28.1 25.4 20.6 27.9 11.1 10.2 9.1 303 2481
COLLIN CO RGNL 33.18N 96.59W 178 -5.9 -3.0 37.8 23.9 37.2 24.0 36.0 24.0 25.8 33.4 25.5 33.0 24.0 19.3 28.3 23.6 18.9 28.0 10.3 8.9 7.9 1381 1384

Heating DB
MIDLAND/MIDLAND REG 31.93N 102.21W 872 -6.7 -4.4 38.0 19.5 36.8 19.7 35.5 19.8 22.9 30.6 22.4 30.2 21.2 17.7 24.8 20.5 16.9 24.5 11.9 10.7 9.3 1454 1256
A L MANGHAM JR RGNL 31.58N 94.70W 108 -3.8 -2.3 36.9 24.3 35.2 24.4 33.9 24.3 26.2 32.0 25.7 31.6 24.9 20.2 28.0 24.1 19.2 27.5 8.2 7.2 6.1 1178 1348
PORT ARANSAS 27.83N 97.07W 6 2.7 5.1 30.1 25.5 29.7 25.6 29.4 25.5 26.9 28.9 26.7 28.8 26.3 21.8 28.4 25.9 21.3 28.3 17.2 14.4 11.9 461 1693
PORT ARTHUR/JEFFERS 29.95N 94.02W 5 -0.3 1.5 34.7 25.6 33.8 25.6 33.0 25.6 27.5 31.6 27.0 31.1 26.4 21.9 29.1 26.0 21.4 28.8 9.6 8.5 7.8 753 1611
RANDOLPH AFB 29.53N 98.28W 232 -2.3 -0.2 37.5 23.5 36.5 23.5 35.4 23.7 25.9 31.8 25.6 31.4 24.7 20.2 27.3 24.1 19.5 27.1 9.3 8.4 7.6 823 1703
REESE AFB/LUBBOCK 33.60N 102.05W 1017 -9.6 -7.0 38.3 19.4 36.6 19.6 35.1 19.6 22.9 30.7 22.2 30.4 20.8 17.6 25.9 20.0 16.6 25.4 12.2 10.8 9.2 1768 1017
SABINE 29.67N 94.05W 6 0.1 2.2 31.5 25.2 30.7 25.3 30.2 25.3 27.2 29.7 26.8 29.4 26.5 22.0 28.8 25.9 21.2 28.7 15.6 12.3 10.6 808 1447
SAN ANGELO/MATHIS 31.35N 100.49W 577 -5.6 -3.4 38.0 21.3 37.1 21.2 35.9 21.2 24.0 31.5 23.5 31.1 22.2 18.1 26.6 21.6 17.4 26.1 11.1 9.6 8.7 1245 1394
SAN ANTONIO INTL 29.53N 98.46W 247 -1.5 0.4 37.2 23.1 36.2 23.1 35.2 23.3 25.6 31.1 25.2 30.6 24.4 20.0 26.8 24.0 19.5 26.6 9.0 8.2 7.4 788 1754
STINSON MUNI 29.34N 98.47W 176 -0.9 1.1 37.8 23.5 37.2 23.4 36.1 23.4 26.1 31.8 25.7 31.3 24.8 20.3 27.8 24.1 19.4 27.3 8.5 7.7 7.1 713 1832
SAN MARCOS MUNI 29.89N 97.85W 182 -2.3 -0.9 37.5 23.5 36.4 23.5 35.5 23.4 25.7 32.3 25.4 32.1 24.0 19.3 28.4 23.6 18.8 28.1 10.9 9.4 8.5 898 1668
VICTORIA/VICTORIA R 28.86N 96.93W 36 -0.5 1.4 36.2 24.8 35.1 24.9 34.1 24.8 26.9 31.0 26.5 30.7 26.1 21.6 27.9 25.6 20.9 27.8 10.9 9.3 8.5 658 1774
WACO RGNL 31.61N 97.23W 155 -4.1 -2.1 38.1 23.9 37.2 23.9 36.1 24.0 26.0 33.1 25.6 32.6 24.3 19.6 28.0 23.9 19.1 27.6 11.0 9.6 8.7 1117 1587
WICHITA FALLS/SHEPS 33.98N 98.49W 314 -7.7 -5.2 39.2 22.9 37.8 23.0 36.5 23.0 25.4 33.3 24.9 32.8 23.3 18.8 28.2 22.8 18.2 27.6 12.0 10.9 9.5 1562 1364
Utah 5 sites, 7 more on CD-ROM
HILL AFB 41.12N 111.97W 1460 -12.5 -10.9 35.1 16.5 33.7 15.8 32.4 15.4 18.3 30.2 17.5 30.2 14.1 12.0 22.7 12.6 10.9 22.7 10.2 8.9 8.1 3356 572
LOGAN CACHE 41.79N 111.85W 1358 -21.1 -17.5 34.7 16.7 32.9 16.0 32.2 15.8 18.4 30.3 17.6 29.4 15.0 12.6 20.8 13.0 11.0 21.2 8.8 7.4 5.8 4036 259
PROVO MUNI 40.22N 111.72W 1371 -13.8 -11.4 34.8 16.9 33.0 16.8 32.1 16.6 19.1 30.4 18.4 29.6 15.5 13.0 24.1 14.0 11.8 23.8 10.8 9.0 7.8 3350 439
ST GEORGE MUNI 37.09N 113.58W 896 -3.0 -2.2 41.3 19.0 39.8 18.4 38.3 18.0 20.6 34.7 20.0 34.2 17.2 13.7 24.8 15.3 12.1 26.2 12.0 10.4 8.8 1651 1519
SALT LAKE CITY INTL 40.79N 111.97W 1288 -12.4 -9.9 36.5 17.1 35.1 16.8 33.7 16.4 19.0 31.2 18.4 30.5 15.6 13.0 22.5 14.2 11.8 22.9 11.2 9.3 8.3 3059 677
Vermont 1 site, 5 more on CD-ROM
BURLINGTON INTL 44.47N 73.15W 104 -22.1 -19.3 31.4 21.9 29.7 21.1 28.0 20.2 23.5 28.9 22.6 27.5 21.9 16.7 26.1 20.9 15.8 25.3 10.6 9.1 8.2 4084 281
Virginia 17 sites, 22 more on CD-ROM
DANVILLE RGNL 36.57N 79.34W 180 -7.7 -5.9 34.8 23.7 33.0 23.3 32.2 23.1 25.4 31.8 24.8 30.8 23.7 19.0 28.2 22.9 18.0 27.2 8.3 7.4 6.4 2005 823
DINWIDDIE CO 37.18N 77.50W 59 -8.8 -7.1 36.3 25.2 34.8 24.7 33.0 23.9 27.1 33.3 26.2 32.7 25.3 20.6 30.1 24.1 19.1 28.9 8.1 7.0 5.8 2073 864
DAVISON AAF 38.72N 77.32W 23 -10.3 -7.7 36.0 24.5 34.3 24.0 32.8 23.5 26.4 32.8 25.6 31.7 24.6 19.7 29.7 23.9 18.8 28.8 9.4 7.9 6.4 2391 798
LANGLEY AFB/HAMPTON 37.08N 76.35W 6 -6.3 -4.0 33.0 24.5 32.4 24.4 31.2 24.1 26.9 30.2 26.1 29.5 26.1 21.5 28.5 25.1 20.3 27.9 10.6 9.0 8.2 1916 864
LEESBURG EXECUTIVE 39.08N 77.55W 119 -9.7 -7.7 35.1 24.3 33.7 23.9 32.4 23.4 26.2 32.5 25.4 31.3 24.1 19.3 28.4 23.7 18.9 28.0 10.1 8.4 7.3 2463 750
LYNCHBURG/MUN. P. G 37.34N 79.21W 286 -9.3 -7.2 33.4 23.2 32.2 22.8 30.9 22.4 24.7 30.5 24.1 29.6 23.0 18.3 27.0 22.4 17.7 26.4 8.0 7.1 6.0 2349 629
MANASSAS RGNL DAVIS 38.72N 77.50W 59 -11.2 -8.7 33.9 23.4 32.6 23.2 31.4 22.6 25.1 31.5 24.3 30.3 23.0 17.8 27.9 22.5 17.3 27.4 9.6 8.3 7.3 2652 596
NEWPORT NEWS WILLIA 37.13N 76.49W 16 -7.1 -4.9 34.8 25.1 33.1 24.5 32.2 24.1 26.4 32.4 25.7 31.2 24.9 20.0 28.8 24.1 19.0 28.1 9.0 8.2 7.5 1959 883
NORFOLK INTL ARPT 36.90N 76.19W 9 -5.3 -3.2 34.3 24.8 33.0 24.4 31.8 24.0 26.2 31.5 25.6 30.6 24.8 19.9 28.3 24.2 19.1 27.6 11.1 9.4 8.5 1794 944
NORFOLK NS 36.93N 76.28W 5 -4.5 -2.6 34.5 25.1 33.0 24.6 32.2 24.3 26.7 31.9 25.9 30.9 25.2 20.4 28.9 24.5 19.5 28.3 11.4 9.8 8.6 1699 1024
OCEANA NAS 36.82N 76.03W 7 -5.9 -3.6 33.8 25.1 32.5 24.6 31.3 24.1 26.3 31.5 25.6 30.5 24.9 20.0 28.8 24.1 19.0 28.0 10.9 9.2 8.3 1838 872
QUANTICO MCAF 38.50N 77.30W 4 -8.7 -6.9 33.6 24.7 32.4 24.3 31.2 23.7 26.3 31.7 25.5 30.7 24.8 19.9 29.4 23.9 18.8 28.4 8.7 7.6 6.7 2322 757
RICHMOND/BYRD FIELD 37.51N 77.32W 50 -7.9 -6.0 35.1 24.4 33.7 23.9 32.3 23.4 25.8 31.8 25.2 30.9 24.3 19.3 28.2 23.6 18.6 27.5 9.3 8.3 7.5 2072 851
ROANOKE MUNICIPAL 37.32N 79.97W 358 -9.0 -6.9 33.5 22.7 32.2 22.3 30.9 22.0 24.1 30.3 23.6 29.5 22.4 17.9 26.4 21.9 17.3 25.8 10.2 8.5 7.5 2247 683
SHENANDOAH VALLEY RG 38.26N 78.88W 366 -11.2 -8.7 34.1 23.3 32.8 23.2 32.1 22.9 25.8 30.8 25.1 30.1 24.1 19.9 28.1 23.7 19.4 27.6 7.8 6.8 5.6 2457 657
VIRGINIA TECH ARPT 37.21N 80.40W 650 -12.0 -9.0 32.1 22.5 30.9 21.8 28.9 21.2 24.2 28.6 23.4 27.8 22.8 19.0 26.1 22.2 18.3 25.7 9.1 8.1 7.1 2679 438
WASHINGTON/DULLES 38.94N 77.45W 99 -11.1 -8.6 34.2 23.7 32.8 23.3 31.4 22.7 25.3 31.7 24.7 30.4 23.6 18.6 27.7 23.0 17.9 27.0 9.3 8.2 7.4 2597 657
WASHINGTON/NATIONAL 38.87N 77.03W 20 -8.2 -6.3 34.7 24.3 33.2 23.8 31.9 23.1 25.8 31.6 25.2 30.7 24.4 19.4 28.4 23.7 18.6 27.8 10.4 9.0 8.1 2220 864
Washington 20 sites, 18 more on CD-ROM
ARLINGTON MUNI 48.16N 122.15W 42 -6.3 -4.1 27.9 18.9 26.3 17.9 24.1 17.1 19.6 27.0 18.6 25.3 16.8 12.0 22.8 16.0 11.4 21.7 9.3 8.1 7.0 2984 33
BELLINGHAM INTL 48.79N 122.54W 46 -7.2 -4.5 26.4 18.4 24.4 17.7 22.8 16.7 19.3 25.4 18.2 23.6 16.8 12.0 22.1 16.0 11.4 20.7 11.4 9.3 8.2 2966 29
BREMERTON NATIONAL 47.49N 122.76W 134 -5.2 -3.0 29.9 18.4 27.6 17.5 26.0 16.7 19.1 28.4 18.0 26.7 15.1 10.9 22.0 14.1 10.2 20.4 8.5 7.5 6.5 3119 56
FAIRCHILD AFB 47.62N 117.65W 750 -14.0 -11.3 33.8 16.7 32.3 16.3 30.1 15.8 18.0 30.3 17.2 28.9 14.0 10.9 18.9 12.8 10.1 18.6 11.0 9.3 8.2 3764 257
FELTS FLD 47.68N 117.32W 600 -13.5 -10.1 34.6 18.4 32.7 17.6 31.1 17.0 19.7 32.0 18.6 30.4 15.6 11.9 21.8 14.1 10.8 21.8 8.9 7.8 6.8 3406 244
FORT LEWIS/GRAY AAF 47.12N 122.55W 92 -6.8 -4.0 30.9 18.6 28.5 17.8 26.5 17.0 19.5 28.8 18.5 26.8 16.3 11.7 20.7 15.2 10.9 20.4 8.1 7.0 5.8 2839 82
KELSO LONGVIEW 46.12N 122.89W 6 -6.0 -3.2 31.2 19.8 28.0 18.7 26.3 17.8 20.5 29.2 19.3 27.3 17.2 12.3 24.2 16.2 11.5 22.5 7.8 6.7 5.7 2681 103
TACOMA/MC CHORD AFB 47.15N 122.48W 87 -6.0 -3.9 30.2 18.0 27.9 17.3 26.2 16.6 19.0 28.2 18.0 26.2 16.0 11.5 20.7 14.9 10.7 20.1 9.1 7.9 7.0 2938 68
OLYMPIA 46.97N 122.90W 61 -6.6 -4.1 30.9 18.9 28.6 18.2 26.6 17.4 19.9 29.3 18.8 27.3 16.3 11.7 21.6 15.5 11.1 20.8 8.4 7.4 6.5 2984 59
TRI CITIES 46.27N 119.12W 123 -13.7 -9.1 37.4 20.5 35.9 20.0 33.6 19.2 22.1 34.4 20.9 33.1 17.8 12.9 26.2 17.0 12.3 25.3 11.0 9.2 8.2 2742 447
PEARSON FLD 45.62N 122.66W 6 -3.9 -2.5 32.7 18.9 31.0 18.8 28.0 18.1 20.7 29.8 19.7 28.8 17.3 12.4 23.6 16.3 11.6 22.4 7.4 6.2 5.4 2453 208
BOEING FLD KING CO 47.53N 122.30W 9 -4.0 -2.0 30.0 18.7 27.8 17.7 26.2 17.0 19.4 28.5 18.5 26.4 16.2 11.5 20.8 15.3 10.8 20.7 8.3 7.5 6.5 2400 147
SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL 47.46N 122.31W 132 -3.8 -1.3 29.6 18.4 27.6 17.6 25.7 17.0 19.3 28.1 18.3 26.1 16.1 11.6 21.1 15.2 11.0 20.0 9.1 8.1 7.3 2614 104
SANDERSON FLD 47.24N 123.15W 82 -4.9 -3.0 31.1 18.4 28.2 17.9 26.2 17.1 19.6 28.8 18.5 26.9 16.2 11.6 21.1 15.2 10.9 20.0 9.1 8.2 7.3 3036 57
SNOHOMISH CO 47.91N 122.28W 185 -3.6 -1.3 27.1 17.7 24.2 16.7 22.7 16.0 18.6 25.0 17.5 23.3 16.2 11.8 20.2 15.0 10.9 19.5 10.9 9.0 7.8 2893 44
117
118


Heating DB
SPOKANE INTL ARPT 47.62N 117.53W 721 -15.2 -11.7 33.8 17.2 32.0 16.5 30.0 15.8 18.3 30.7 17.4 29.4 14.2 11.0 19.7 13.1 10.2 19.7 11.4 9.8 8.5 3682 241
TACOMA NARROWS 47.27N 122.58W 96 -2.6 -0.5 28.8 18.1 27.1 17.2 24.9 16.5 18.9 27.1 17.9 25.2 16.1 11.6 20.2 15.1 10.8 19.4 8.7 7.8 6.9 2651 81
WALLA WALLA RGNL 46.10N 118.29W 367 -12.0 -7.8 37.1 19.0 34.8 18.4 32.7 17.7 20.2 33.7 19.2 32.4 15.9 11.8 23.0 14.2 10.6 22.4 10.7 8.9 7.9 2681 506
WEST POINT (LS) 47.67N 122.43W 9 -1.3 0.8 21.4 15.9 20.1 15.6 19.0 15.2 16.7 19.7 16.1 18.7 15.5 11.0 17.8 14.9 10.6 17.2 16.4 13.8 11.6 2726 4
YAKIMA AIR TERMINAL 46.56N 120.53W 325 -13.4 -10.2 35.6 19.1 33.7 18.5 31.9 17.7 20.2 32.8 19.2 31.5 15.8 11.6 24.4 14.4 10.6 23.6 10.4 8.5 7.4 3277 283
West Virginia 3 sites, 8 more on CD-ROM
YEAGER 38.38N 81.59W 299 -12.2 -9.2 32.9 22.7 31.7 22.6 30.4 22.3 24.9 30.0 24.1 28.9 23.3 18.8 27.1 22.6 18.0 26.3 7.7 6.6 5.5 2469 598
HUNTINGTON/TRI STAT 38.38N 82.56W 255 -12.2 -9.2 33.3 23.0 32.0 22.9 30.7 22.5 25.1 30.3 24.4 29.3 23.6 19.0 27.5 22.9 18.2 26.7 7.5 6.6 5.7 2459 642
MID OHIO VALLEY RGN 39.35N 81.44W 263 -13.7 -10.9 32.7 23.1 31.3 22.7 30.0 22.2 24.9 30.3 24.1 28.9 23.3 18.6 27.3 22.6 17.9 26.5 8.1 7.2 6.2 2744 527
Wisconsin 14 sites, 31 more on CD-ROM
OUTAGAMIE CO RGNL 44.26N 88.52W 280 -21.3 -18.3 31.2 23.5 29.1 22.3 27.8 21.3 25.0 29.4 23.8 27.8 23.7 19.1 27.3 22.5 17.8 26.3 11.1 9.5 8.5 4041 326
CHIPPEWA VALLEY RGN 44.87N 91.49W 273 -25.3 -22.4 32.5 22.8 30.7 21.7 29.0 20.7 24.3 29.8 23.3 28.6 22.6 17.9 27.7 21.5 16.7 26.4 8.9 8.0 7.3 4334 333
FOND DU LAC CO 43.77N 88.49W 246 -20.9 -17.8 31.3 23.2 29.1 21.9 27.9 21.0 24.5 29.2 23.5 27.8 22.8 18.1 27.7 22.3 17.4 26.8 10.5 9.0 8.1 3928 327
GREEN BAY/A.-STRAUB 44.51N 88.12W 214 -22.3 -19.4 31.4 23.1 29.6 22.2 28.0 21.2 24.6 29.4 23.5 27.9 23.0 18.3 27.4 22.0 17.1 26.4 10.5 8.9 8.1 4222 266
KENOSHA RGNL 42.60N 87.94W 227 -18.7 -16.2 32.2 23.7 30.6 23.0 28.7 22.1 25.0 30.2 24.0 28.6 22.9 18.2 27.6 22.4 17.6 27.0 11.1 9.7 8.6 3712 341
LA CROSSE MUNICIPAL 43.88N 91.25W 200 -23.0 -20.3 33.2 23.8 31.6 22.9 29.9 21.9 25.5 31.0 24.3 29.4 23.8 19.2 28.8 22.7 17.8 27.4 10.3 8.7 8.1 3894 454
MADISON/DANE COUNTY 43.14N 89.35W 264 -21.7 -18.6 32.0 23.4 30.4 22.6 28.8 21.7 25.0 30.1 23.9 28.5 23.3 18.6 28.3 22.3 17.6 27.0 10.1 8.8 8.0 3947 344
MANITOWOC CO 44.13N 87.67W 198 -20.1 -17.5 29.1 22.0 27.6 21.2 26.3 20.2 23.7 27.8 22.5 26.2 22.4 17.5 26.6 21.3 16.3 25.1 10.8 9.3 8.4 4189 191
MILWAUKEE/GEN. MITC 42.95N 87.90W 211 -18.6 -16.0 32.2 23.5 30.3 22.4 28.6 21.6 24.9 30.3 23.8 28.5 23.1 18.3 27.9 22.3 17.4 26.9 11.3 10.0 8.8 3713 383
CENTRAL WISCONSIN 44.78N 89.67W 389 -23.8 -21.4 30.2 22.1 28.3 20.9 27.3 20.0 23.3 28.1 22.2 26.7 22.1 17.6 26.3 21.0 16.4 25.4 10.3 8.8 7.8 4568 202
SHEBOYGAN CO MEM 43.77N 87.85W 228 -19.8 -17.4 31.2 23.1 28.9 21.9 27.5 20.9 24.2 28.8 23.2 27.7 22.6 17.8 27.3 22.1 17.3 26.3 10.9 9.2 8.3 4097 235
SHEBOYGAN 43.75N 87.68W 189 -19.0 -16.2 28.3 21.8 26.3 21.2 24.7 21.0 24.5 26.1 23.4 24.9 24.1 19.4 25.2 22.9 18.1 24.3 18.2 14.9 12.5 4040 179
WAUSAU DOWNTOWN 44.93N 89.63W 365 -24.3 -21.6 31.1 22.0 29.2 20.8 27.7 19.8 23.5 28.5 22.5 27.2 22.1 17.6 26.1 21.0 16.4 25.2 8.9 7.9 7.1 4429 257
WITTMAN RGNL 43.98N 88.56W 256 -21.1 -18.0 31.2 23.2 29.1 22.1 27.8 21.0 24.5 29.1 23.4 27.8 22.8 18.1 27.3 22.2 17.4 26.6 10.3 8.9 8.1 4048 304
Wyoming 2 sites, 16 more on CD-ROM
CASPER/NATRONA COUN 42.90N 106.47W 1612 -22.4 -18.2 34.4 15.4 32.8 15.0 31.3 14.7 17.3 28.5 16.6 27.9 14.1 12.3 19.1 12.9 11.3 19.0 14.4 12.6 11.4 4047 256
CHEYENNE/WARREN AFB 41.16N 104.81W 1872 -19.8 -16.2 32.0 14.6 30.4 14.3 28.8 14.0 17.0 25.2 16.4 25.0 14.9 13.3 18.7 13.8 12.4 18.4 15.0 12.9 11.6 3917 188
Canada 100 sites, 462 more on CD-ROM
Alberta 13 sites, 50 more on CD-ROM
CALGARY INT'L A 51.11N 114.02W 1084 -28.8 -25.0 28.6 16.0 26.6 15.4 24.7 14.7 17.6 25.5 16.5 24.2 14.6 11.9 20.7 13.4 11.0 19.4 12.1 10.3 9.1 5052 36
COP UPPER 51.08N 114.22W 1235 -27.7 -24.4 28.2 14.9 26.0 14.3 24.0 13.7 17.2 23.9 15.9 22.9 14.8 12.2 19.6 13.4 11.2 18.1 10.3 8.9 7.8 5027 41
EDMONTON CITY CENTRE AWOS 53.57N 113.52W 671 -29.1 -26.0 28.3 18.0 26.5 17.0 24.7 16.0 19.2 26.3 18.1 24.6 16.6 12.8 22.4 15.5 11.9 21.0 9.8 8.4 7.4 5198 67
EDMONTON INT'L A 53.32N 113.58W 723 -32.6 -29.2 27.8 17.7 25.8 16.8 24.2 15.9 19.2 25.8 18.0 24.2 16.6 12.9 22.8 15.5 12.0 21.4 10.2 8.8 7.7 5734 23
EDMONTON NAMAO A 53.67N 113.47W 688 -30.4 -27.0 27.8 17.8 25.9 16.8 24.2 15.7 18.9 25.8 17.8 24.2 16.4 12.7 21.9 15.2 11.7 20.7 10.3 8.9 7.8 5496 38
FORT MCMURRAY CS 56.65N 111.21W 369 -36.4 -33.5 28.9 17.7 26.9 16.6 25.0 15.7 18.9 26.5 17.9 24.8 16.2 12.1 21.3 15.1 11.2 20.3 8.3 7.3 6.3 6336 46
GRANDE PRAIRIE A 55.18N 118.88W 669 -36.0 -31.4 27.5 16.6 25.6 15.7 23.9 14.8 18.0 25.1 16.8 23.6 15.4 11.8 20.5 14.2 10.9 19.0 11.1 9.7 8.4 5862 25
LACOMBE CDA 2 52.45N 113.76W 860 -32.5 -28.5 28.3 18.3 26.2 17.1 24.5 16.1 19.4 26.3 18.2 24.7 16.8 13.3 23.3 15.5 12.2 21.8 9.5 8.1 7.0 5724 24
LETHBRIDGE AWOS A 49.63N 112.80W 929 -29.5 -25.8 31.5 16.8 29.4 16.2 27.4 15.8 18.7 27.5 17.6 26.4 15.6 12.4 22.6 14.4 11.4 20.9 15.9 13.6 12.1 4622 85
LETHBRIDGE CDA 49.70N 112.77W 910 -28.1 -24.7 31.9 16.8 29.7 16.3 27.7 15.8 18.8 27.5 17.8 26.4 15.8 12.5 22.3 14.5 11.5 20.9 13.3 11.9 10.5 4504 114
MEDICINE HAT RCS 50.03N 110.72W 715 -30.6 -26.9 32.7 17.8 30.7 17.1 28.8 16.4 19.0 29.3 18.1 28.1 15.6 12.0 22.3 14.5 11.2 21.3 11.2 9.7 8.4 4641 167
RED DEER A 52.18N 113.89W 905 -32.2 -28.3 28.0 17.3 26.0 16.3 24.3 15.4 18.6 25.9 17.4 24.2 15.7 12.5 22.1 14.6 11.6 20.7 9.1 8.1 7.3 5664 23
SPRINGBANK A 51.10N 114.37W 1201 -31.7 -27.9 26.8 15.5 24.9 14.6 23.1 14.1 16.8 24.2 15.8 22.9 14.0 11.5 20.0 12.9 10.7 18.5 11.1 9.5 8.3 5718 4
British Columbia 27 sites, 52 more on CD-ROM
ABBOTSFORD A 49.03N 122.36W 59 -7.9 -5.1 29.8 19.6 27.8 18.8 25.8 17.9 20.4 28.6 19.3 26.6 17.0 12.2 25.1 16.0 11.5 23.0 8.8 7.5 6.4 2920 74
AGASSIZ CS 49.24N 121.76W 19 -7.3 -4.8 30.3 20.4 28.4 19.7 26.5 19.0 21.7 28.2 20.5 26.8 19.2 14.0 25.4 18.1 13.0 23.9 10.2 8.0 6.3 2861 113
BALLENAS ISLAND 49.35N 124.16W 13 -0.7 0.9 23.8 19.3 22.5 18.7 21.4 18.1 20.2 22.9 19.2 21.8 19.0 13.8 22.1 18.1 13.1 21.0 16.0 13.8 12.2 2571 61
COMOX A 49.72N 124.90W 26 -4.8 -2.7 26.8 17.7 24.7 17.0 23.0 16.3 18.5 24.9 17.7 23.3 16.0 11.4 20.5 15.3 10.9 19.7 13.5 11.6 9.8 3078 52
DISCOVERY ISLAND 48.42N 123.23W 15 -0.8 1.6 23.1 N/A 21.0 N/A 19.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 16.3 13.0 10.1 2668 13
ENTRANCE ISLAND CS 49.22N 123.80W 5 -1.7 0.1 24.0 N/A 22.4 N/A 21.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 14.3 12.6 11.3 2674 60
ESQUIMALT HARBOUR 48.43N 123.44W 3 -2.7 -0.6 22.3 16.0 20.6 15.4 19.1 14.9 16.8 20.6 16.1 19.3 15.2 10.8 18.0 14.6 10.4 17.3 9.7 8.4 7.4 3002 7
HOWE SOUND - PAM ROCKS 49.49N 123.30W 5 -2.8 -0.9 24.9 19.1 23.2 18.2 21.9 17.7 20.0 23.4 19.0 22.2 18.6 13.4 22.4 17.6 12.6 21.2 18.1 15.9 13.5 2656 79
KAMLOOPS AUT 50.70N 120.44W 345 -19.7 -15.6 33.9 18.2 31.8 17.6 29.6 16.8 19.2 31.3 18.2 29.4 15.2 11.2 21.5 14.1 10.5 20.9 10.1 8.9 8.0 3516 268
KELOWNA A 49.96N 119.38W 430 -17.9 -14.0 33.0 18.2 31.0 17.6 28.9 16.7 19.2 30.2 18.2 28.8 15.5 11.6 21.5 14.4 10.8 20.9 7.7 6.4 5.3 3897 131
MALAHAT 48.57N 123.53W 366 -5.6 -3.0 27.7 17.0 25.7 16.6 24.0 15.9 18.8 25.2 17.8 23.7 16.2 12.0 22.9 15.2 11.3 21.5 6.7 5.7 4.9 3251 97
PENTICTON A 49.46N 119.60W 344 -13.7 -10.8 32.8 18.6 30.8 17.9 29.0 17.1 19.4 30.5 18.5 29.0 15.4 11.4 22.5 14.4 10.7 22.2 10.3 9.0 8.1 3423 217
PITT MEADOWS CS 49.21N 122.69W 5 -7.4 -4.8 30.5 20.1 28.4 19.3 26.5 18.5 20.9 28.5 19.8 26.8 18.1 13.0 24.3 17.0 12.2 22.6 5.5 4.6 4.0 2982 78
POINT ATKINSON 49.33N 123.26W 35 -1.6 0.3 24.9 N/A 23.5 N/A 22.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13.6 11.6 9.9 2318 119

Heating DB
PRINCE GEORGE AIRPORT AUTO 53.89N 122.67W 680 -30.2 -25.6 27.8 16.3 25.7 15.4 23.8 14.5 17.2 25.7 16.1 24.0 14.0 10.8 19.0 13.0 10.1 18.1 9.5 8.3 7.3 5097 21
SANDHEADS CS 49.11N 123.30W 11 -3.6 -1.2 22.4 N/A 21.3 N/A 20.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13.7 12.1 10.8 2751 31
SUMMERLAND CS 49.56N 119.64W 454 -14.5 -10.9 33.0 17.7 31.2 17.3 29.3 16.7 19.3 29.6 18.3 28.2 15.8 11.9 22.5 14.6 11.0 21.9 8.3 6.6 5.4 3506 259
VANCOUVER HARBOUR CS 49.30N 123.12W 3 -3.1 -0.8 25.9 N/A 24.4 N/A 23.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2671 69
VANCOUVER INT'L A 49.20N 123.18W 4 -6.2 -3.3 25.1 18.4 23.6 17.8 22.3 17.1 19.1 24.0 18.2 22.8 16.9 12.1 22.0 16.2 11.5 20.9 10.6 9.0 7.8 2903 44
VERNON AUTO 50.22N 119.19W 482 -16.0 -12.6 33.2 18.6 31.1 18.0 28.8 17.1 19.7 29.8 18.7 28.5 16.7 12.6 21.4 15.6 11.8 20.7 6.4 5.3 4.5 3772 206
VICTORIA GONZALES CS 48.41N 123.33W 70 -2.8 -0.5 24.7 17.0 22.3 16.1 20.5 15.4 17.7 23.0 16.8 21.0 15.7 11.2 18.8 15.0 10.8 18.2 12.2 10.4 9.2 2859 23
VICTORIA HARTLAND CS 48.53N 123.46W 154 -3.6 -1.5 28.6 18.8 26.7 18.0 25.0 17.4 20.0 26.5 19.0 25.0 17.6 12.9 22.5 16.8 12.2 21.3 9.4 8.1 7.0 2808 98
VICTORIA INT'L A 48.65N 123.43W 20 -4.2 -2.3 26.8 17.6 24.7 16.9 22.9 16.2 18.1 25.5 17.2 23.7 15.0 10.7 20.2 14.3 10.2 19.6 8.9 7.4 6.3 3009 24
ESQUIMALT HARBOUR 48.43N 123.44W 3 -2.7 -0.6 22.3 16.0 20.6 15.4 19.1 14.9 16.8 20.6 16.1 19.3 15.2 10.8 18.0 14.6 10.4 17.3 9.7 8.4 7.4 3002 7
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY CS 48.46N 123.30W 60 -2.6 -0.2 27.1 18.4 25.2 17.7 23.5 17.1 19.5 25.3 18.6 23.8 17.4 12.5 21.4 16.5 11.9 20.3 5.7 5.0 4.3 2723 39
WEST VANCOUVER AUT 49.35N 123.19W 168 -5.8 -3.2 27.2 18.6 25.4 18.2 23.7 17.5 19.8 25.5 18.9 24.1 17.5 12.8 22.9 16.7 12.1 21.8 5.0 4.2 3.5 3004 75
WHITE ROCK CAMPBELL SCIENTIFI 49.02N 122.78W 13 -5.4 -3.0 24.9 18.9 23.3 18.1 22.0 17.5 19.8 23.6 18.8 22.3 18.3 13.2 21.9 17.3 12.4 20.7 6.3 5.2 4.2 2789 31
Manitoba 1 site, 38 more on CD-ROM
WINNIPEG RICHARDSON INT'L A 49.92N 97.23W 239 -32.1 -29.7 30.6 21.1 28.8 20.3 27.1 19.4 22.9 28.3 21.6 27.0 21.2 16.3 26.4 19.7 14.9 24.7 12.5 11.0 9.8 5727 162
New Brunswick 3 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
FREDERICTON A 45.87N 66.53W 21 -23.5 -20.9 29.8 21.1 27.9 19.8 26.2 18.9 22.3 27.8 21.2 26.0 20.4 15.1 25.0 19.5 14.3 23.8 9.9 8.6 7.7 4666 134
MONCTON A 46.10N 64.69W 71 -22.5 -20.1 28.5 20.8 26.8 19.7 25.2 18.8 22.1 26.6 21.1 25.0 20.6 15.4 24.4 19.7 14.5 23.4 12.6 10.9 9.6 4753 101
SAINT JOHN A 45.32N 65.89W 109 -22.4 -19.7 26.1 18.6 24.4 17.7 22.8 16.8 20.1 24.0 19.0 22.6 18.5 13.6 21.7 17.7 12.8 20.5 12.2 10.5 9.3 4752 31
Newfoundland and Labrador 1 site, 37 more on CD-ROM
ST JOHN'S A 47.62N 52.74W 141 -15.4 -13.3 24.6 18.9 23.1 18.1 21.7 17.3 20.4 23.1 19.3 21.8 19.3 14.3 22.0 18.3 13.4 20.8 15.9 13.4 12.1 4848 30
Northwest Territories 1 site, 38 more on CD-ROM
YELLOWKNIFE A 62.46N 114.44W 206 -40.7 -38.4 25.2 16.0 23.6 15.1 21.9 14.5 17.2 22.7 16.2 21.7 15.0 10.9 19.5 13.8 10.1 18.5 9.4 8.3 7.5 8189 34
Nova Scotia 3 sites, 16 more on CD-ROM
HALIFAX STANFIELD INT'L A 44.88N 63.52W 145 -18.4 -16.3 27.8 20.4 26.0 19.3 24.4 18.4 21.7 25.6 20.7 24.1 20.5 15.4 23.5 19.6 14.6 22.3 12.3 10.6 9.3 4330 103
SHEARWATER RCS 44.63N 63.51W 24 -16.7 -14.5 26.1 19.6 24.5 18.6 23.0 17.9 21.0 24.0 20.1 22.7 20.0 14.8 22.2 19.1 13.9 21.2 12.0 10.4 9.2 4174 69
SYDNEY A 46.17N 60.05W 62 -17.9 -15.5 27.4 20.3 25.8 19.5 24.0 18.5 21.6 25.9 20.5 24.2 20.0 14.8 23.7 19.1 14.0 22.4 12.5 11.0 9.7 4581 81
Nunavut 1 site, 41 more on CD-ROM
IQALUIT CLIMATE 63.75N 68.54W 34 -39.4 -37.6 17.0 11.5 14.2 10.0 12.2 8.9 12.0 16.1 10.4 13.8 9.4 7.3 13.4 8.2 6.8 11.7 15.4 12.9 11.3 9924 0
Ontario 20 sites, 49 more on CD-ROM
BEAUSOLEIL 44.85N 79.87W 183 -23.8 -20.4 29.9 23.3 28.1 22.1 26.5 21.3 24.4 28.1 23.3 26.6 23.3 18.5 26.4 22.2 17.3 25.1 6.2 5.4 4.8 4361 212
BELLE RIVER 42.30N 82.70W 184 -14.6 -12.2 31.6 24.2 30.0 23.7 28.5 22.8 25.9 29.6 24.9 28.4 24.9 20.4 28.3 23.8 19.1 27.0 12.9 11.3 9.9 3324 450
BURLINGTON PIERS (AUT) 43.30N 79.80W 77 -15.0 -12.7 30.2 21.3 28.6 20.7 27.0 19.9 23.1 27.1 22.2 26.3 22.0 16.8 25.3 20.9 15.7 24.3 10.5 9.0 7.9 3560 309
ERIEAU (AUT) 42.25N 81.90W 178 -14.6 -12.3 26.8 22.8 25.8 22.2 24.9 21.7 24.5 25.5 23.7 24.8 24.2 19.6 25.1 23.3 18.5 24.4 12.7 11.2 9.8 3594 279
LAGOON CITY 44.55N 79.22W 221 -23.5 -20.3 27.4 23.0 26.2 22.1 25.0 21.4 24.2 26.2 23.2 25.2 23.6 19.0 25.5 22.6 17.7 24.6 12.7 11.1 9.8 4411 189
LONDON CS 43.03N 81.15W 278 -17.8 -15.4 30.2 22.3 28.7 21.6 27.2 20.7 23.6 28.3 22.7 27.0 22.2 17.4 26.2 21.2 16.4 25.2 10.5 9.4 8.4 3954 241
NORTH BAY A 46.36N 79.42W 370 -27.4 -24.6 27.9 20.1 26.2 19.2 24.8 18.4 21.8 26.0 20.7 24.0 20.5 15.8 23.6 19.5 14.9 22.6 9.7 8.5 7.6 5192 123
OTTAWA MACDONALD-CARTIER INT' 45.32N 75.67W 114 -24.2 -21.5 30.6 21.9 28.9 20.8 27.3 20.0 23.2 28.3 22.2 26.8 21.6 16.5 25.9 20.7 15.5 24.8 10.0 8.8 7.8 4523 238
PETERBOROUGH AWOS 44.23N 78.37W 191 -23.4 -19.9 30.0 22.3 28.4 21.2 26.9 20.4 23.6 28.2 22.5 26.7 22.2 17.3 26.2 21.1 16.2 24.7 9.1 7.9 6.9 4370 149
PORT WELLER (AUT) 43.25N 79.22W 79 -13.0 -11.0 29.1 23.0 27.6 22.3 26.2 21.6 24.5 27.2 23.6 26.0 23.7 18.8 26.2 22.8 17.7 25.1 14.4 12.7 11.2 3516 312
SAULT STE MARIE A 46.48N 84.51W 192 -24.6 -21.5 28.5 21.2 26.7 20.0 25.1 19.0 22.3 26.6 21.1 25.1 20.9 15.9 24.8 19.8 14.8 23.5 10.3 9.0 7.9 4950 92
SUDBURY A 46.62N 80.80W 348 -27.7 -24.7 29.3 20.2 27.4 19.1 25.7 18.1 21.6 27.0 20.5 25.2 19.9 15.3 23.6 18.9 14.3 22.8 10.2 9.0 8.0 5241 132
THUNDER BAY CS 48.37N 89.33W 199 -29.3 -26.6 29.0 20.5 27.0 19.2 25.2 18.2 21.8 27.0 20.5 25.1 20.0 15.1 24.8 18.8 13.9 23.1 9.8 8.5 7.4 5594 68
TIMMINS VICTOR POWER A 48.57N 81.38W 295 -33.0 -29.9 29.6 19.9 27.6 18.5 25.8 17.8 21.4 27.3 20.2 25.4 19.4 14.6 24.0 18.3 13.6 23.0 8.4 7.8 6.6 6017 87
TORONTO BUTTONVILLE A 43.86N 79.37W 198 -19.8 -16.9 31.6 22.4 29.7 21.3 28.0 20.5 23.6 29.4 22.5 27.9 21.8 16.9 26.7 20.7 15.8 25.5 9.6 8.4 7.7 4084 253
TORONTO CITY CENTRE 43.63N 79.40W 77 -16.1 -13.3 28.5 21.8 26.8 21.4 25.3 20.8 23.5 26.3 22.6 25.3 22.7 17.5 25.1 21.8 16.6 24.2 13.3 11.8 10.5 3721 237
TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT 43.68N 79.63W 173 -18.1 -15.6 31.4 22.4 29.6 21.4 27.9 20.6 23.7 29.1 22.7 27.8 22.1 17.1 26.7 21.0 16.0 25.6 12.1 10.5 9.3 3892 292
TRENTON A 44.12N 77.53W 86 -21.4 -18.4 29.3 22.2 27.8 21.4 26.4 20.6 23.6 27.6 22.6 26.4 22.2 17.1 26.0 21.3 16.1 25.0 10.5 9.2 8.1 4142 211
WELCOME ISLAND (AUT) 48.37N 89.12W 211 -25.8 -23.4 24.2 18.6 22.5 17.7 21.2 17.3 20.1 22.3 18.9 21.3 19.3 14.5 21.4 18.1 13.3 20.1 15.5 13.2 11.7 5369 38
WINDSOR A 42.28N 82.96W 190 -15.6 -13.1 32.1 22.9 30.5 22.2 29.0 21.5 24.5 29.9 23.4 28.4 22.8 17.9 27.6 21.9 16.9 26.3 11.4 10.0 9.0 3444 434
Prince Edward Island 1 site, 4 more on CD-ROM
CHARLOTTETOWN A 46.29N 63.13W 49 -20.4 -18.0 26.7 20.7 25.3 19.6 23.9 18.8 21.7 25.3 20.7 23.9 20.5 15.2 24.0 19.5 14.3 23.0 11.6 10.1 8.9 4661 101
Québec 23 sites, 71 more on CD-ROM
BAGOTVILLE A 48.33N 71.00W 159 -29.8 -27.3 29.3 19.5 27.3 18.6 25.5 17.8 21.2 26.4 20.1 25.1 19.5 14.5 23.4 18.4 13.5 22.4 12.0 10.5 9.4 5693 98
JONQUIERE 48.42N 71.15W 128 -28.9 -26.5 29.1 19.9 27.1 18.9 25.3 18.2 21.9 26.4 20.8 24.8 20.4 15.3 24.1 19.3 14.3 22.8 10.5 9.4 8.5 5496 97
LA BAIE 48.30N 70.92W 152 -30.2 -27.7 29.1 19.7 27.1 19.0 25.2 18.2 21.7 26.4 20.6 24.8 20.2 15.2 24.0 19.1 14.2 22.6 10.3 9.1 8.1 5714 70
LAC SAINT-PIERRE 46.18N 72.92W 16 -24.7 -21.7 27.7 21.0 26.2 20.0 25.0 19.5 22.5 25.9 21.6 24.8 21.3 16.0 24.7 20.4 15.1 23.8 13.3 11.8 10.5 4653 181
119
120


Heating DB
L'ACADIE 45.29N 73.35W 44 -23.9 -21.3 30.1 21.7 28.6 21.1 27.1 20.4 23.7 27.9 22.6 26.3 22.3 17.1 26.2 21.4 16.1 25.0 10.2 8.8 7.6 4403 224
L'ASSOMPTION 45.81N 73.43W 21 -25.6 -22.5 30.4 21.9 28.7 20.9 27.1 20.1 23.4 28.1 22.3 26.6 21.9 16.6 25.8 20.9 15.6 24.8 8.4 7.4 6.5 4616 203
LENNOXVILLE 45.37N 71.82W 181 -25.6 -22.3 29.4 21.6 27.9 20.8 26.5 19.9 23.2 27.3 22.2 26.1 22.0 17.0 25.4 20.9 15.9 24.4 9.0 7.9 7.0 4606 148
MCTAVISH 45.50N 73.58W 73 -21.7 -19.1 30.1 22.0 28.6 20.9 27.2 20.1 23.3 28.3 22.3 26.6 21.7 16.5 26.1 20.8 15.6 25.2 5.0 4.4 4.0 4144 296
MONT-JOLI A 48.60N 68.22W 52 -23.8 -21.6 26.8 19.8 25.0 18.7 23.5 17.8 20.7 25.3 19.6 23.8 19.0 13.8 24.0 17.8 12.9 22.4 12.6 11.1 9.9 5346 68
MONT-ORFORD 45.31N 72.24W 846 -28.3 -25.1 25.1 18.5 23.5 17.7 22.0 17.1 20.5 23.1 19.3 21.5 19.7 16.0 21.8 18.6 14.9 20.5 15.7 13.5 12.2 5649 53
MONTREAL/MIRABEL INT'L A 45.67N 74.03W 82 -26.0 -23.1 29.5 22.0 27.9 20.8 26.4 19.9 23.0 27.9 21.9 26.4 21.3 16.2 26.1 20.3 15.1 24.7 8.5 7.3 6.4 4794 171
MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDE 45.47N 73.74W 32 -23.2 -20.7 30.1 22.2 28.5 21.1 27.1 20.3 23.3 28.3 22.3 26.7 21.6 16.4 26.1 20.7 15.5 25.3 11.3 9.8 8.7 4381 261
MONTREAL/ST-HUBERT A 45.52N 73.42W 27 -23.8 -21.2 30.1 22.1 28.6 21.2 27.1 20.4 23.5 28.2 22.5 26.8 22.0 16.8 26.2 21.0 15.7 25.0 11.2 9.9 8.8 4506 221
MONTREAL-EST 45.63N 73.55W 50 -23.0 -20.2 30.5 21.0 29.0 20.1 27.6 19.4 22.7 27.7 21.7 26.2 21.2 15.9 24.8 20.2 15.0 24.3 8.6 7.6 6.8 4314 284
NICOLET 46.23N 72.66W 8 -25.4 -22.5 28.8 22.5 27.2 21.3 25.8 20.5 23.5 27.3 22.4 25.8 22.3 17.0 25.8 21.2 15.9 24.6 9.5 8.2 7.1 4681 162
POINTE-AU-PERE (INRS) 48.51N 68.47W 5 -22.0 -19.3 22.9 18.6 21.4 17.6 20.1 16.7 19.7 22.1 18.3 20.7 18.6 13.4 21.4 17.3 12.3 20.1 13.0 11.4 10.1 5324 11
QUEBEC/JEAN LESAGE INTL 46.79N 71.38W 74 -26.1 -23.3 28.9 21.3 27.2 20.2 25.7 19.1 22.7 27.1 21.5 25.5 21.1 15.9 25.3 20.0 14.8 24.1 11.2 9.8 8.8 5058 132
SHERBROOKE A 45.43N 71.68W 241 -27.8 -24.7 28.8 21.1 27.2 20.3 25.8 19.3 22.5 27.1 21.4 25.6 21.0 16.1 25.3 19.9 15.0 23.9 9.0 7.9 6.9 5006 99
ST-ANICET 1 45.12N 74.29W 49 -24.6 -21.7 30.3 22.7 28.8 21.7 27.4 20.8 24.2 28.5 23.1 27.2 22.7 17.6 26.9 21.8 16.5 25.5 9.3 8.2 7.2 4457 201
STE-ANNE-DE-BELLEVUE 1 45.43N 73.93W 39 -23.7 -20.8 30.0 21.9 28.5 21.1 27.0 20.3 23.5 28.0 22.5 26.5 22.1 16.8 25.9 21.2 15.9 24.7 9.0 7.9 7.0 4424 225
STE-FOY (U. LAVAL) 46.78N 71.29W 91 -24.5 -21.8 29.1 20.8 27.5 19.7 25.9 18.7 22.5 27.0 21.4 25.4 21.0 15.9 24.9 20.1 14.9 23.6 9.4 8.0 6.8 4843 144
TROIS-RIVIERES 46.35N 72.52W 6 -23.8 -21.1 27.4 21.4 26.2 20.9 25.0 20.3 23.0 25.8 22.1 24.9 22.0 16.7 24.8 21.1 15.7 24.0 10.7 9.3 8.3 4572 183
VARENNES 45.72N 73.38W 18 -23.5 -21.0 30.3 21.8 28.6 20.9 27.1 20.1 23.5 28.1 22.5 26.6 22.0 16.7 26.0 21.0 15.7 24.9 10.9 9.5 8.4 4492 204
Saskatchewan 5 sites, 41 more on CD-ROM
MOOSE JAW CS 50.33N 105.54W 577 -31.8 -28.6 32.2 18.6 30.1 18.0 28.0 17.2 20.9 28.0 19.6 26.8 18.7 14.5 23.5 17.2 13.2 22.2 12.7 11.2 10.0 5268 141
PRINCE ALBERT A 53.22N 105.67W 428 -36.0 -32.6 29.2 18.7 27.2 17.8 25.5 16.7 20.1 26.8 18.9 25.3 17.6 13.3 23.1 16.5 12.4 21.8 9.4 8.3 7.5 6161 68
REGINA RCS 50.43N 104.67W 577 -33.6 -30.5 31.2 18.8 29.2 18.3 27.3 17.4 21.1 27.9 19.7 26.4 18.9 14.7 24.4 17.3 13.3 23.1 13.3 11.7 10.5 5691 117
SASKATOON RCS 52.17N 106.72W 504 -34.6 -31.5 30.6 18.7 28.6 17.9 26.6 17.2 20.6 27.7 19.4 26.1 18.2 14.0 23.7 17.0 12.9 22.2 11.2 9.8 8.7 5838 100
SASKATOON KERNEN FARM 52.15N 106.55W 510 -33.5 -30.6 30.6 17.7 28.6 16.9 26.8 16.1 20.5 27.0 19.2 24.9 18.4 14.1 23.7 17.0 12.9 22.0 10.7 9.5 8.5 5903 101
Yukon Territory 1 site, 15 more on CD-ROM
WHITEHORSE A 60.71N 135.07W 706 -39.7 -34.6 25.7 14.2 23.4 13.3 21.3 12.4 14.8 23.6 13.9 21.9 11.2 9.0 16.2 10.3 8.5 15.7 10.3 9.3 8.4 6753 7
Albania 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
TIRANA 41.33N 19.78E 38 -2.5 -1.2 34.3 23.2 33.1 23.2 31.8 23.2 28.0 30.0 26.6 29.2 27.2 23.1 29.0 26.0 21.5 28.2 7.7 6.4 5.5 1576 670
Algeria 3 sites, 36 more on CD-ROM
CONSTANTINE 36.28N 6.62E 690 -0.2 0.7 38.6 20.2 36.8 20.1 34.9 19.9 22.5 33.0 21.7 32.0 19.7 15.7 25.7 18.8 14.8 25.2 10.1 8.5 7.4 1668 844
DAR-EL-BEIDA 36.68N 3.22E 25 1.9 3.0 35.2 22.2 33.5 22.4 32.0 22.5 25.5 30.6 24.8 29.7 24.1 19.0 27.9 23.2 18.0 27.4 10.5 9.1 7.9 987 897
ORAN-SENIA 35.63N 0.60W 90 2.2 3.8 34.1 20.9 32.2 21.2 30.9 21.3 24.6 29.3 24.0 28.4 23.1 18.1 27.0 22.5 17.4 26.6 12.0 10.1 8.9 912 888
Argentina 15 sites, 40 more on CD-ROM
AEROPARQUE BS. AS. 34.57S 58.42W 6 4.1 5.6 31.0 23.1 29.8 22.9 28.5 22.3 25.1 28.9 24.2 28.0 23.9 18.8 27.9 23.0 17.8 27.0 11.1 9.8 8.7 907 745
CORDOBA AERO 31.32S 64.22W 489 -0.2 1.7 34.8 21.9 33.1 21.6 31.8 21.3 25.1 31.1 24.1 29.8 23.4 19.3 28.3 22.3 18.0 27.0 11.6 10.2 9.1 968 761
CORRIENTES AERO. 27.45S 58.77W 62 4.3 5.9 36.4 24.4 35.2 24.5 34.1 24.1 27.2 32.5 26.6 31.8 26.0 21.5 30.5 25.2 20.4 29.5 10.1 8.7 7.6 407 1613
EZEIZA AERO 34.82S 58.53W 20 -0.1 1.2 33.8 22.6 32.1 22.1 30.8 21.7 24.7 30.2 23.9 29.1 23.1 17.9 27.3 22.2 16.9 26.2 9.8 8.5 7.6 1204 656
MAR DEL PLATA AERO 37.93S 57.58W 22 -1.1 0.1 31.0 21.0 29.0 20.3 27.1 19.7 23.0 27.5 22.1 26.0 21.8 16.5 24.6 20.9 15.6 23.7 11.1 10.0 8.9 1871 235
MENDOZA AERO 32.83S 68.78W 704 -0.7 0.9 35.6 19.8 34.1 19.6 32.9 19.4 22.7 31.3 21.9 30.5 20.0 16.0 27.2 19.1 15.1 26.6 8.4 7.1 6.0 1231 911
PARANA AERO 31.78S 60.48W 74 2.4 3.7 34.2 23.0 32.9 22.5 31.7 22.2 25.5 31.2 24.6 30.1 23.8 18.8 28.9 22.9 17.8 27.8 10.8 9.5 8.3 856 906
POSADAS AERO. 27.37S 55.97W 131 4.8 6.4 36.0 24.2 35.0 24.0 34.0 23.9 26.6 32.6 26.1 32.0 25.0 20.4 30.2 24.2 19.4 29.3 8.5 7.3 6.3 330 1731
RESISTENCIA AERO 27.45S 59.05W 53 1.8 3.8 36.9 24.1 35.7 24.2 34.2 24.1 27.1 32.7 26.5 32.0 25.6 21.0 30.1 25.0 20.2 29.6 9.0 7.7 6.8 473 1571
ROSARIO AERO 32.92S 60.78W 26 -0.8 0.9 34.1 23.2 32.9 22.7 31.5 22.2 25.6 30.7 24.6 29.6 24.1 19.0 28.5 23.1 17.9 27.5 11.4 10.2 9.0 1039 786
SALTA AERO 24.85S 65.48W 1246 -1.0 0.6 33.0 18.3 31.2 18.6 29.9 18.8 22.2 28.0 21.6 27.1 20.7 17.9 24.5 20.1 17.2 24.0 7.7 6.4 5.6 940 566
SAN JUAN AERO 31.40S 68.42W 597 -2.1 -0.5 38.0 19.8 36.5 19.6 35.1 19.3 22.5 33.5 21.7 32.4 19.1 15.0 27.5 18.2 14.1 27.1 13.8 11.7 10.1 1167 1148
SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO 27.77S 64.30W 200 -0.8 1.5 39.0 23.4 37.3 23.1 35.8 23.0 26.4 33.2 25.6 32.6 24.6 20.1 30.1 23.8 19.1 28.9 10.3 8.7 7.6 599 1480
SAUCE VIEJO AERO 31.70S 60.82W 17 0.2 2.1 34.8 24.2 33.2 23.6 32.0 23.1 26.5 31.7 25.6 30.6 25.1 20.2 29.7 24.1 19.1 28.7 15.0 12.4 11.1 824 1031
TUCUMAN AERO 26.85S 65.10W 456 3.1 4.8 36.1 23.2 34.6 23.2 33.1 22.9 26.2 32.1 25.5 31.3 24.6 20.7 30.2 23.9 19.8 29.3 8.7 7.2 5.9 580 1239
Armenia 1 site, 3 more on CD-ROM
YEREVAN/YEREVAN-ARA 40.13N 44.47E 1140 -13.1 -10.7 36.1 21.5 34.8 21.0 33.2 20.4 22.7 34.1 21.7 33.1 19.0 15.8 30.9 17.9 14.8 29.2 10.0 8.4 6.9 2740 771
Australia 25 sites, 337 more on CD-ROM
ADELAIDE AIRPORT 34.95S 138.53E 8 3.9 5.0 36.1 18.3 33.9 18.0 31.7 17.5 21.3 28.9 20.4 28.1 19.2 14.0 24.0 18.0 12.9 23.3 11.6 10.3 9.3 1182 465
KENT TOWN 34.92S 138.62E 51 4.7 5.8 37.5 19.1 35.2 18.6 32.9 18.0 21.6 31.1 20.6 30.1 19.1 13.9 24.3 17.6 12.7 23.4 8.3 7.4 6.6 1086 588
ARCHERFIELD AIRPORT 27.57S 153.00E 19 5.4 6.6 32.9 22.9 31.5 22.6 30.3 22.2 25.2 29.7 24.5 28.7 24.1 19.0 26.8 23.3 18.1 26.4 9.2 8.2 7.3 364 1066
BANKSTOWN AIRPORT A 33.92S 150.98E 9 3.3 4.3 33.8 20.7 31.4 20.6 29.4 20.2 23.4 28.9 22.6 27.6 21.9 16.6 25.4 21.1 15.8 24.5 9.8 8.6 7.7 924 547
BRISBANE AERO 27.39S 153.13E 10 5.8 7.2 31.0 22.5 29.9 22.8 29.0 22.3 25.2 28.4 24.6 27.8 24.2 19.1 27.2 23.6 18.4 26.6 9.9 8.8 7.9 332 1022

Heating DB
CANBERRA AIRPORT 35.30S 149.20E 575 -3.1 -1.9 33.6 17.8 31.5 17.2 29.4 16.7 20.1 27.4 19.2 26.3 18.1 14.0 21.9 17.1 13.1 21.2 10.5 9.4 8.4 2064 266
CANTERBURY RACECOUR 33.90S 151.12E 3 3.7 4.8 32.6 19.9 30.4 20.1 28.6 20.0 23.2 27.8 22.5 26.9 21.9 16.5 25.1 21.1 15.8 24.5 10.8 8.6 7.5 896 518
COOLANGATTA AIRPORT 28.17S 153.50E 6 6.2 7.9 29.2 23.3 28.4 23.1 27.8 22.8 25.2 27.6 24.6 27.1 24.5 19.5 26.8 23.9 18.7 26.4 9.8 8.9 8.2 314 934
GOLD COAST SEAWAY 27.93S 153.43E 3 9.5 10.7 30.7 23.0 29.4 22.7 28.4 22.5 25.3 27.8 24.6 27.2 24.6 19.6 26.5 23.8 18.7 26.0 13.1 11.3 9.9 192 1112
SYDNEY OLYMPIC PARK 33.85S 151.07E 28 5.9 6.9 33.7 19.5 31.4 19.6 29.5 19.5 22.6 28.3 21.9 27.2 21.0 15.7 24.4 20.3 15.0 24.0 9.4 7.9 6.9 722 659
JANDAKOT AERO 32.10S 115.88E 31 1.8 3.1 36.2 19.7 34.3 19.7 32.4 19.1 22.7 30.4 21.4 29.5 20.6 15.3 24.7 19.2 14.0 23.8 10.3 9.2 8.3 977 660
LAVERTON AERODROME 37.87S 144.75E 20 1.9 3.1 34.7 18.9 31.7 18.4 28.9 17.9 21.0 28.2 20.0 27.2 18.9 13.8 23.3 17.9 12.9 22.2 12.0 10.5 9.4 1678 228
MELBOURNE 37.82S 144.97E 32 4.7 5.7 34.8 18.8 32.3 18.3 29.7 17.9 21.1 28.6 20.1 27.5 18.9 13.8 23.7 17.8 12.9 22.9 7.5 6.5 5.7 1283 340
MELBOURNE AIRPORT 37.67S 144.83E 119 2.8 3.9 34.9 18.1 32.1 17.6 29.6 17.2 20.6 27.9 19.5 26.8 18.4 13.5 22.3 17.2 12.5 21.2 13.8 12.3 10.8 1708 254
MOORABBIN AIRPORT 37.98S 145.10E 15 2.6 3.9 34.2 19.2 31.5 18.6 28.8 18.3 21.6 27.6 20.6 26.6 20.2 14.9 22.9 18.8 13.6 22.2 11.7 10.4 9.4 1621 221
PERTH METRO 31.92S 115.87E 25 3.8 5.1 36.3 20.2 34.3 19.8 32.4 19.4 22.4 30.7 21.5 29.6 20.1 14.8 25.0 19.3 14.1 24.1 8.3 7.3 6.5 761 752
MOUNT LOFTY 34.97S 138.70E 730 2.4 3.1 30.7 15.9 28.8 14.9 27.0 14.3 18.5 25.2 17.3 24.4 16.6 12.9 19.8 15.0 11.6 18.9 15.7 14.0 12.4 2621 177
NEWCASTLE NOBBYS SI 32.92S 151.78E 33 7.6 8.6 30.2 19.6 27.5 19.7 25.7 20.4 23.6 25.5 22.9 24.8 23.0 17.8 24.5 22.3 17.0 23.9 17.8 15.0 13.4 598 557
PERTH AIRPORT 31.93S 115.97E 20 4.0 5.2 37.2 19.2 35.2 19.2 33.3 18.9 22.1 30.8 21.2 29.8 19.7 14.4 24.5 18.8 13.7 23.9 11.1 9.8 8.9 793 782
SCORESBY RESEARCH 37.87S 145.25E 90 2.3 3.4 34.0 19.2 31.8 18.8 29.6 18.5 21.3 29.5 20.2 28.0 18.9 13.8 23.8 17.8 12.9 22.6 8.3 7.3 6.6 1659 262
SWANBOURNE 31.95S 115.77E 20 6.4 7.5 34.9 19.9 32.5 19.8 30.5 19.5 23.1 28.7 22.1 27.1 21.6 16.3 25.0 20.7 15.4 24.0 13.2 11.3 10.0 658 669
SYDNEY AIRPORT AMO 33.93S 151.18E 6 6.1 7.1 32.9 19.5 30.1 20.1 28.2 20.0 23.1 27.3 22.5 26.4 22.0 16.6 24.7 21.2 15.9 24.1 12.9 11.4 10.2 692 633
SYDNEY (OB HILL) 33.85S 151.20E 40 7.2 8.0 31.1 19.8 28.8 20.3 27.3 20.3 23.0 27.1 22.4 26.2 21.7 16.5 25.0 21.1 15.9 24.4 N/A N/A N/A 643 607
TUGGERANONG ISABELL 35.42S 149.10E 588 -3.7 -2.6 33.9 18.2 31.9 17.7 29.9 17.1 20.2 28.4 19.4 27.2 18.1 14.0 22.1 17.0 13.0 21.4 8.4 7.4 6.6 2061 298
WILLIAMTOWN RAAF 32.79S 151.84E 9 4.0 5.2 34.1 21.1 31.6 20.8 29.4 20.4 23.6 28.9 22.9 27.5 22.2 16.9 25.2 21.6 16.3 24.6 12.1 10.4 9.3 804 579
Austria 5 sites, 75 more on CD-ROM
GUMPOLDSKIRCHEN 48.03N 16.28E 233 -9.7 -7.5 31.0 21.3 29.1 20.4 27.5 19.5 21.9 29.7 20.9 28.0 19.2 14.4 25.2 18.4 13.6 24.7 8.0 6.6 5.7 3018 259
TULLN LANGENLEBARN 48.32N 16.12E 175 -12.1 -9.0 31.2 21.2 29.3 20.3 27.7 19.6 22.1 29.7 21.1 27.9 19.4 14.4 25.9 18.6 13.7 24.6 11.8 10.3 9.0 3168 212
WIEN/INNERE STADT 48.20N 16.37E 171 -7.7 -5.9 31.6 21.9 29.9 21.2 28.3 20.3 22.8 30.2 21.9 28.6 20.3 15.3 26.3 19.5 14.5 25.6 8.9 7.8 7.0 2716 381
WIEN/HOHE WARTE 48.25N 16.37E 200 -9.7 -7.4 30.8 21.6 29.1 20.7 27.4 19.7 22.2 29.6 21.2 27.8 19.6 14.7 26.4 18.7 13.9 25.0 9.9 8.4 7.4 2996 254
WIEN/SCHWECHAT-FLUG 48.12N 16.57E 183 -11.0 -8.6 31.0 20.5 29.1 19.9 27.5 19.1 21.5 28.6 20.7 27.4 19.1 14.2 24.3 18.2 13.4 23.4 12.2 10.8 9.7 3118 227
Belarus 6 sites, 13 more on CD-ROM
BREST 52.12N 23.68E 143 -18.4 -14.8 29.9 20.0 28.0 19.1 26.1 18.2 21.0 27.4 20.1 26.0 18.9 14.0 23.4 18.0 13.2 22.5 8.0 6.9 5.9 3807 134
GOMEL 52.40N 30.95E 144 -20.9 -17.2 30.2 19.9 28.3 19.2 26.7 18.5 21.3 27.6 20.3 26.3 19.2 14.2 23.5 18.2 13.4 22.5 8.4 7.3 6.6 4162 160
GRODNO 53.60N 24.05E 134 -19.9 -16.4 28.6 19.7 26.6 18.8 24.9 17.8 20.9 26.3 19.8 25.0 19.1 14.1 23.9 18.0 13.1 22.2 10.6 9.3 8.1 4169 82
MINSK 53.93N 27.63E 228 -20.1 -16.8 29.0 19.6 27.1 18.6 25.3 17.8 20.8 26.8 19.7 25.2 18.7 13.9 23.7 17.7 13.0 22.2 8.1 7.0 6.2 4343 101
MOGILEV 53.95N 30.07E 192 -22.2 -18.8 28.3 19.5 26.5 18.9 24.8 18.1 20.8 26.5 19.8 25.0 18.8 14.0 23.7 17.9 13.1 22.3 9.9 8.7 7.8 4556 84
VITEBSK 55.17N 30.22E 208 -22.2 -18.5 28.2 19.6 26.3 18.7 24.7 17.8 20.7 26.4 19.7 24.7 18.6 13.8 23.3 17.8 13.1 22.2 8.0 7.0 6.2 4509 96
Belgium 3 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
ANTWERPEN/DEURNE 51.20N 4.47E 12 -6.7 -4.6 29.2 20.6 27.1 19.7 25.3 18.7 21.4 27.4 20.4 25.8 19.3 14.0 24.3 18.3 13.2 23.1 10.0 8.6 7.6 2829 103
BRUXELLES NATIONAL 50.90N 4.53E 56 -6.8 -4.7 29.0 20.0 26.9 19.3 25.1 18.4 21.0 27.2 20.0 25.5 18.8 13.7 23.5 17.9 12.9 22.5 11.3 9.8 8.5 2904 95
UCCLE 50.80N 4.35E 104 -6.6 -4.4 28.8 19.8 26.8 19.0 25.0 18.0 20.8 26.7 19.7 25.2 18.7 13.7 23.5 17.7 12.8 22.2 9.4 8.1 7.0 2898 108
Benin 1 site, 5 more on CD-ROM
COTONOU 6.35N 2.38E 6 21.9 22.7 32.9 27.2 32.2 27.2 32.0 27.2 28.9 31.6 28.4 31.0 28.1 24.3 31.2 27.8 23.8 30.9 8.1 7.4 7.0 0 3391
Bolivia 3 sites, 0 more on CD-ROM
COCHABAMBA 17.42S 66.18W 2548 1.9 3.0 30.0 15.1 29.0 14.8 28.1 14.5 17.2 25.9 16.7 25.3 14.9 14.5 20.0 14.1 13.8 18.7 9.5 7.9 5.8 533 274
LA PAZ/ALTO 16.52S 68.18W 4061 -4.9 -3.8 17.5 6.1 16.8 5.9 16.0 5.8 9.1 13.9 8.6 13.3 7.2 10.5 10.1 6.9 10.3 9.8 8.5 7.5 6.6 3928 0
VIRU-VIRU 17.63S 63.13W 373 9.1 10.8 34.8 23.7 33.8 23.9 32.9 24.0 26.1 31.0 25.7 30.5 24.9 20.9 28.3 24.2 20.1 27.4 13.1 11.5 10.3 89 2159
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 sites, 3 more on CD-ROM
BJELASNICA 43.72N 18.27E 2070 -19.3 -16.6 19.0 11.7 17.5 11.0 16.1 10.7 13.2 16.4 12.4 15.7 12.0 11.3 14.5 11.1 10.6 13.7 33.7 30.2 27.0 6083 1
SARAJEVO/BUTMIR 43.82N 18.33E 521 -13.0 -10.2 32.6 20.3 30.8 19.9 28.9 19.3 21.9 29.6 20.8 28.1 19.2 14.8 26.2 18.2 13.9 24.4 8.2 6.4 5.0 3176 218
SARAJEVO-BJELAVE 43.87N 18.43E 638 -11.3 -9.1 32.0 19.9 30.2 19.3 28.4 18.4 21.7 29.1 20.4 27.7 19.1 15.0 26.7 17.8 13.8 24.2 5.4 4.4 3.7 3081 252
Brazil 30 sites, 11 more on CD-ROM
ANAPOLIS (BRAZ-AFB) 16.23S 48.97W 1136 13.0 14.1 32.9 20.0 31.8 20.2 30.8 20.4 24.0 27.6 23.6 27.3 23.1 20.5 25.6 22.4 19.6 25.1 7.3 6.2 5.4 9 1686
ARACAJU (AEROPORTO) 10.98S 37.07W 7 21.0 21.9 32.1 26.6 31.8 26.5 31.1 26.2 27.3 30.6 27.0 30.4 26.2 21.7 29.4 26.1 21.4 29.4 7.8 7.1 6.4 0 3098
BELEM (AEROPORTO) 1.38S 48.48W 16 22.8 22.9 33.2 25.9 33.0 25.9 32.2 25.8 28.1 30.4 27.7 30.2 27.2 23.1 29.5 27.1 22.8 29.4 8.3 6.8 5.8 0 3392
BELO HORIZONTE 19.93S 43.93W 828 10.8 11.9 32.0 20.4 31.0 20.6 30.1 20.6 23.9 27.4 23.2 27.1 23.0 19.7 25.4 22.2 18.6 24.7 7.7 6.7 6.0 52 1289
BELO HORIZONTE (AERO) 19.85S 43.95W 789 11.1 12.2 33.0 20.5 32.0 20.5 31.1 20.5 22.9 28.5 22.5 28.0 21.8 18.2 24.2 21.2 17.4 23.6 6.3 5.4 5.0 24 1628
BRASILIA (AEROPORTO) 15.87S 47.93W 1060 10.0 11.1 32.2 17.7 31.2 18.1 30.3 18.3 22.1 26.4 21.6 26.1 21.1 17.9 23.3 20.4 17.2 22.8 7.5 6.4 5.6 20 1379
CAMPINAS (AEROPORTO) 23.00S 47.13W 661 8.9 10.2 33.2 21.3 32.2 21.3 31.2 21.3 24.2 28.8 23.7 28.3 23.1 19.4 25.4 22.7 18.9 25.1 11.2 10.2 9.5 103 1430
CAMPO GRANDE (AERO) 20.47S 54.67W 559 8.1 10.5 36.2 22.6 35.2 22.8 34.3 22.9 26.1 32.0 25.7 31.5 24.9 21.3 28.8 24.2 20.4 27.9 10.4 9.6 8.7 62 2532
CUIABA (AEROPORTO) 15.65S 56.10W 188 13.1 15.0 38.1 22.4 37.1 22.6 36.2 23.0 28.1 31.6 27.3 30.8 27.2 23.5 29.6 26.7 22.8 29.2 7.7 6.4 5.6 12 3375
121
122


Heating DB
CURITIBA (AEROPORTO) 25.52S 49.17W 911 2.8 4.9 30.9 20.3 29.8 20.3 28.8 20.2 23.1 27.0 22.5 26.4 22.1 18.8 24.4 21.3 17.9 23.6 8.7 7.5 6.5 643 595
EDUARDO GOMES INTL 3.03S 60.05W 80 21.8 21.9 35.9 26.2 35.1 26.1 34.2 26.0 28.4 32.4 27.9 31.8 27.2 23.3 29.5 27.1 23.1 29.3 5.9 5.1 4.4 0 3414
FLORIANOPOLIS (AERO) 27.67S 48.55W 6 7.8 9.4 32.1 25.3 30.9 25.1 29.9 24.5 26.5 30.0 25.9 29.2 25.5 20.7 28.1 25.0 20.1 27.6 8.3 7.3 6.4 222 1301
FORTALEZA (AEROPORTO) 3.78S 38.53W 25 22.8 23.0 32.2 25.1 32.0 25.0 31.5 24.8 26.7 29.5 26.4 29.3 26.2 21.6 27.8 25.8 21.2 27.6 9.4 8.4 7.9 0 3394
GALEAO 22.82S 43.25W 9 14.9 15.8 37.3 25.4 36.0 25.2 34.2 25.1 28.0 32.5 27.4 31.7 27.1 22.8 30.1 26.2 21.7 29.2 8.3 7.3 6.4 6 2472
GOIANIA (AEROPORTO) 16.63S 49.22W 747 12.1 13.6 35.2 20.0 34.1 20.4 33.2 20.7 24.6 29.8 24.2 29.4 23.2 19.6 26.2 22.9 19.4 25.9 8.0 7.0 5.6 3 2331
GUARULHOS 23.43S 46.47W 750 7.2 9.0 32.8 21.8 31.2 21.6 30.2 21.4 24.6 28.4 23.9 27.7 23.9 20.6 25.7 23.0 19.5 25.1 7.5 6.7 6.0 232 1058
LONDRINA (AEROPORTO) 23.33S 51.13W 569 7.9 9.8 33.8 21.9 32.8 22.0 31.9 22.1 25.6 28.9 25.1 28.5 24.9 21.5 27.0 24.2 20.4 26.3 6.6 5.7 5.1 124 1601
MACAPA 0.03N 51.05W 17 22.8 22.9 35.0 26.8 34.1 26.8 33.8 26.7 28.0 32.5 27.6 32.1 26.9 22.6 30.5 26.2 21.7 29.7 8.3 7.3 6.6 0 3528
MACEIO (AEROPORTO) 9.52S 35.78W 118 19.0 19.8 33.0 25.4 32.2 25.1 31.8 24.9 26.8 30.2 26.4 29.7 26.1 21.8 28.3 25.6 21.2 28.0 7.8 7.1 6.4 0 2716
MANAUS (AEROPORTO) 3.15S 59.98W 81 22.2 22.8 34.9 25.9 34.1 26.0 33.3 25.9 27.3 31.5 27.0 31.3 26.2 21.8 29.3 26.0 21.6 29.2 6.0 5.2 4.7 0 3448
NATAL AEROPORTO 5.92S 35.25W 52 20.9 21.3 32.9 25.5 32.2 25.2 31.9 25.2 26.7 29.9 26.4 29.8 26.1 21.6 28.3 25.5 20.8 28.0 9.9 9.1 8.3 0 3148
PORTO ALEGRE (AERO) 30.00S 51.18W 3 3.9 5.8 34.7 24.6 33.0 24.0 31.8 23.6 26.4 31.3 25.6 30.4 25.1 20.2 28.4 24.2 19.1 27.4 9.4 8.0 7.0 484 1131
PORTO VELHO (AERO) 8.77S 63.92W 90 18.1 19.8 35.7 25.1 34.9 25.0 34.0 25.2 28.0 31.0 27.6 30.8 27.2 23.2 28.9 27.0 22.9 28.8 6.0 5.1 4.4 1 3282
RECIFE (AEROPORTO) 8.07S 34.85W 10 21.8 22.0 34.0 27.1 33.2 26.5 32.9 26.3 27.6 32.4 27.1 31.9 26.2 21.6 30.7 25.9 21.3 30.4 8.5 7.9 7.1 0 3429
RIO DE JANEIRO (AERO) 22.90S 43.17W 3 16.2 17.0 34.1 25.2 32.8 25.0 31.8 24.8 26.6 30.9 26.2 30.4 25.2 20.4 28.9 25.0 20.1 28.7 8.4 7.3 6.5 4 2264
SALVADOR (AEROPORTO) 12.90S 38.33W 20 20.3 21.1 32.3 26.6 32.0 26.5 31.2 26.1 27.5 30.8 27.0 30.5 26.5 22.1 29.6 26.1 21.5 29.4 9.1 8.2 7.4 0 3011
SAO LUIZ (AEROPORTO) 2.60S 44.23W 54 22.8 23.0 34.0 26.3 33.2 26.0 33.0 25.9 27.7 30.7 27.3 30.6 27.1 22.9 29.4 26.5 22.1 28.9 9.2 8.3 7.5 0 3594
SAO PAULO (AEROPORTO) 23.62S 46.65W 802 8.9 10.1 32.1 20.4 31.1 20.4 30.0 20.4 23.2 27.7 22.7 27.2 22.1 18.5 25.5 21.2 17.5 24.5 7.7 6.7 5.9 230 1140
TERESINA (AEROPORTO) 5.05S 42.82W 67 21.9 22.4 38.2 23.5 37.8 23.6 37.0 23.9 27.2 31.4 26.9 31.4 26.2 21.8 28.5 26.0 21.5 28.4 5.2 4.5 4.0 0 3984
VITORIA (AEROPORTO) 20.27S 40.28W 3 16.5 17.5 34.1 25.6 33.2 25.3 32.5 25.1 27.2 30.6 26.7 30.1 26.2 21.7 28.5 26.0 21.3 28.3 10.4 9.3 8.3 0 2614
Bulgaria 4 sites, 31 more on CD-ROM
CHERNI VRAH (TOP/SOMMET) 42.58N 23.27E 2292 -19.4 -17.2 17.3 11.0 15.8 10.5 14.5 10.0 12.4 15.1 11.5 14.2 11.3 11.1 13.4 10.4 10.4 12.6 28.4 24.2 19.9 6425 0
PLOVDIV 42.13N 24.75E 182 -10.6 -7.8 34.8 20.8 33.0 20.7 31.4 20.1 22.8 31.4 21.9 30.0 20.1 15.1 26.7 19.1 14.2 25.3 11.7 10.1 8.7 2552 550
SOFIA (OBSERV.) 42.65N 23.38E 531 -12.4 -10.0 32.8 18.9 30.8 18.8 28.9 18.4 20.7 28.3 19.9 27.3 18.2 14.0 23.6 17.2 13.1 22.6 9.4 8.1 7.0 3099 275
VARNA 43.20N 27.92E 70 -9.0 -6.9 31.4 22.5 30.0 22.2 28.8 21.7 24.5 29.1 23.6 28.1 23.1 18.0 27.4 22.0 16.9 26.6 12.5 10.2 8.4 2568 413
Burkina Faso 2 sites, 4 more on CD-ROM
BOBO-DIOULASSO 11.17N 4.32W 460 18.0 19.3 38.1 20.2 37.3 20.3 36.6 20.4 26.0 32.1 25.5 31.5 24.4 20.5 28.9 24.0 20.0 28.4 7.4 6.6 6.0 0 3418
OUAGADOUGOU 12.35N 1.52W 306 16.1 17.2 40.8 20.2 39.9 20.3 39.0 20.5 26.4 33.3 26.0 32.9 24.9 20.8 28.6 24.2 19.9 28.2 7.7 6.7 5.9 0 3827
Chad 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
NDJAMENA 12.13N 15.03E 295 13.1 14.8 43.0 21.7 42.0 21.5 41.0 21.2 28.0 33.6 27.3 33.2 26.9 23.3 30.6 26.0 22.2 29.9 9.3 8.1 7.2 1 3867
Chile 2 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
ANTOFAGASTA 23.43S 70.45W 140 10.0 10.9 24.2 19.0 23.7 18.6 23.0 18.2 20.0 22.9 19.4 22.4 18.9 14.0 22.1 18.1 13.2 21.1 9.1 8.3 7.7 692 186
PUDAHUEL 33.38S 70.78W 474 -1.1 0.0 31.8 17.6 30.8 17.5 29.8 17.3 19.3 28.9 18.7 28.4 15.2 11.5 23.1 14.6 11.0 22.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 1506 246
China 87 sites, 309 more on CD-ROM
ANQING 30.53N 117.05E 20 -1.7 -0.6 35.7 27.4 34.6 27.2 33.5 26.9 28.5 33.2 28.0 32.7 27.3 23.1 31.3 26.8 22.5 30.9 7.8 6.9 6.2 1576 1321
ANYANG 36.05N 114.40E 64 -8.2 -6.4 35.2 23.3 33.8 23.9 32.6 23.9 27.7 31.5 26.9 30.6 26.7 22.4 30.2 25.9 21.4 29.4 7.5 6.4 5.5 2344 989
BAODING 38.73N 115.48E 17 -9.4 -7.7 35.3 22.5 33.7 22.8 32.4 22.9 27.0 31.1 26.1 30.0 25.9 21.3 29.7 25.0 20.1 28.8 6.2 5.1 4.3 2603 966
BAOJI 34.35N 107.13E 610 -5.8 -4.5 34.9 21.7 33.4 21.4 32.0 21.4 24.8 30.8 23.9 29.5 23.2 19.3 28.2 22.4 18.4 27.3 6.2 5.2 4.4 2360 787
BEIJING 39.93N 116.28E 55 -11.0 -9.1 35.0 22.0 33.2 22.5 32.0 22.4 27.0 30.5 26.1 29.4 26.1 21.7 29.0 25.1 20.4 28.1 9.8 8.1 6.7 2827 863
BENGBU 32.95N 117.37E 22 -4.8 -3.3 35.6 26.6 34.2 26.2 32.9 25.4 28.3 32.9 27.7 32.3 27.1 23.0 31.1 26.6 22.2 30.6 7.1 6.2 5.4 1903 1138
BENXI 41.32N 123.78E 185 -22.5 -20.1 31.5 21.8 30.1 21.8 28.9 21.6 24.7 28.6 23.9 27.7 23.5 18.7 27.1 22.7 17.8 26.2 6.6 5.4 4.8 4079 493
BINHAI 39.12N 117.33E 3 -11.0 -9.1 34.2 23.5 33.1 23.4 32.0 23.2 27.7 30.5 26.8 29.8 27.0 22.8 29.6 26.1 21.5 28.5 10.3 8.7 7.4 2745 916
CANGZHOU 38.33N 116.83E 11 -9.4 -7.7 34.2 23.2 33.0 23.5 31.9 23.4 27.4 31.0 26.6 30.0 26.4 21.9 29.8 25.6 20.9 28.9 8.7 7.3 6.2 2649 927
CHANGCHUN 43.90N 125.22E 238 -25.0 -22.6 30.9 20.8 29.5 20.9 28.2 20.6 24.3 27.8 23.4 26.8 23.2 18.5 26.6 22.2 17.4 25.6 10.9 9.2 7.8 4807 411
CHANGDE 29.05N 111.68E 35 -0.7 0.3 36.3 26.9 35.2 26.9 34.0 26.6 28.7 33.2 28.0 32.7 27.5 23.5 31.6 26.8 22.6 31.1 5.6 4.7 4.0 1482 1326
CHANGSHA 28.23N 112.87E 68 -1.2 -0.1 36.2 26.6 35.1 26.5 34.0 26.3 27.9 33.0 27.4 32.5 26.7 22.5 30.6 26.1 21.7 30.1 7.0 6.0 5.2 1492 1348
CHAOYANG 41.55N 120.45E 176 -18.9 -16.6 33.7 21.4 32.1 21.4 30.8 21.1 25.5 30.0 24.6 28.7 24.2 19.5 28.1 23.3 18.5 27.3 8.8 7.5 6.6 3677 634
CHENGDE 40.97N 117.92E 423 -18.1 -16.2 33.1 20.4 31.6 20.5 30.1 20.2 24.4 28.9 23.5 28.0 23.1 18.8 26.9 22.2 17.8 26.0 6.8 5.3 4.3 3798 521
CHENGDU 30.67N 104.02E 508 0.8 1.9 33.2 25.0 32.1 24.5 31.0 24.0 27.0 31.0 26.2 30.0 26.0 22.7 29.7 25.1 21.6 28.7 5.6 4.5 3.7 1396 972
CHIFENG 42.30N 118.83E 567 -20.1 -18.3 33.0 19.5 31.3 19.2 29.9 18.8 22.8 29.0 21.9 27.6 21.0 16.8 25.9 20.1 15.8 25.2 8.2 7.0 6.0 4178 446
CHONGQING 29.58N 106.47E 416 2.9 4.0 36.9 25.5 35.5 25.5 34.2 25.2 27.3 32.6 26.8 32.0 26.1 22.6 30.1 25.5 21.8 29.6 5.3 4.4 3.7 1166 1279
DALIAN 38.90N 121.63E 97 -12.1 -10.1 31.2 23.4 30.0 23.0 28.8 22.6 26.1 28.7 25.4 27.7 25.2 20.6 27.3 24.7 20.0 26.9 10.7 9.4 8.3 3078 627
DANDONG 40.05N 124.33E 14 -16.0 -13.9 29.9 23.7 28.5 23.0 27.4 22.5 25.7 28.0 24.8 26.8 25.0 20.1 27.0 24.2 19.2 26.0 8.9 7.6 6.6 3603 448
DATONG 40.10N 113.33E 1069 -20.5 -18.6 32.0 17.4 30.4 17.0 28.9 16.9 21.2 26.6 20.3 25.8 19.7 16.4 23.5 18.7 15.4 23.0 9.5 8.1 7.0 4196 352
DEZHOU 37.43N 116.32E 22 -8.3 -6.8 34.2 24.3 32.9 24.3 31.9 24.0 27.8 31.5 26.9 30.5 26.8 22.4 30.3 25.9 21.3 29.6 7.4 6.4 5.5 2496 966
DIWOPU 43.90N 87.47E 648 -23.2 -21.1 35.3 18.1 34.0 17.8 32.8 17.5 20.4 30.1 19.5 29.3 17.9 13.9 22.2 16.6 12.8 22.3 7.4 5.8 4.7 4295 764

Heating DB
FUZHOU 26.08N 119.28E 14 4.5 5.7 35.6 26.8 34.5 26.6 33.4 26.3 27.8 33.5 27.3 32.5 26.3 21.7 30.9 25.9 21.3 30.3 9.7 8.3 7.2 706 1620
GANYU 34.85N 119.13E 10 -6.7 -5.1 33.1 26.3 31.7 25.6 30.4 25.4 28.2 31.6 27.5 30.5 27.2 23.1 30.5 26.6 22.2 29.8 7.4 6.4 5.6 2309 846
GAOYAO 23.05N 112.47E 12 6.4 7.7 35.1 26.4 34.2 26.3 33.4 26.2 27.6 32.3 27.2 31.6 26.5 22.1 29.7 26.2 21.6 29.4 6.9 5.9 5.1 367 2078
GUANGZHOU 23.22N 113.48E 71 5.8 7.0 35.7 26.2 34.5 26.1 33.8 26.1 27.7 31.6 27.4 31.2 26.9 22.7 29.6 26.2 21.9 29.2 7.0 6.0 5.2 374 2090
GUILIN 25.33N 110.30E 174 1.1 2.6 34.9 25.6 33.9 25.5 33.0 25.3 27.2 31.4 26.7 30.9 26.2 22.0 29.0 25.8 21.6 28.7 7.4 6.5 5.7 1031 1491
GUIYANG 26.58N 106.73E 1223 -2.7 -1.2 30.2 21.0 29.2 20.9 28.2 20.7 22.8 27.4 22.3 26.8 21.6 18.9 24.9 21.1 18.3 24.5 6.4 5.5 4.9 1687 663
HAIKOU 20.00N 110.25E 24 10.8 12.4 35.0 26.9 34.2 26.8 33.4 26.7 28.0 32.5 27.7 31.9 27.0 22.7 30.0 26.6 22.2 29.7 7.7 6.5 5.6 96 2518
HANGZHOU 30.23N 120.17E 43 -2.1 -0.9 36.2 26.6 35.2 26.5 34.0 26.4 28.2 32.9 27.6 32.3 27.1 23.0 30.4 26.4 22.0 29.9 7.1 6.1 5.3 1587 1253
HARBIN 45.75N 126.77E 143 -27.7 -25.4 31.4 20.4 29.8 20.7 28.4 20.4 24.1 28.0 23.2 26.9 22.9 18.0 26.4 22.1 17.0 25.6 8.2 7.1 6.2 5236 376
HEFEI 31.87N 117.23E 36 -4.1 -2.7 35.3 27.6 34.2 27.2 33.0 26.6 28.8 33.3 28.1 32.5 27.8 23.9 31.8 27.0 22.8 31.0 7.3 6.3 5.5 1841 1168
HOHHOT 40.82N 111.68E 1065 -22.8 -19.8 32.0 17.4 30.4 17.1 29.0 16.7 21.1 27.1 20.1 25.7 19.3 16.0 23.2 18.3 15.0 23.3 8.7 7.3 6.2 4422 337
JIANGLING 30.33N 112.18E 33 -1.4 -0.4 34.9 27.6 33.9 27.1 32.9 26.5 28.6 33.2 28.0 32.6 27.4 23.3 31.6 26.8 22.5 31.1 6.9 6.0 5.2 1587 1224
JINAN 36.60N 117.05E 169 -8.1 -6.4 35.0 23.1 33.8 23.4 32.5 23.2 27.0 31.7 26.4 30.8 25.7 21.4 29.7 25.1 20.6 29.4 9.0 7.7 6.7 2260 1083
JINGDEZHEN 29.30N 117.20E 60 -1.3 -0.1 36.2 26.6 35.2 26.4 34.1 26.1 27.7 33.4 27.3 32.7 26.3 21.9 30.2 25.9 21.4 29.9 5.5 4.7 4.1 1352 1394
JINZHOU 41.13N 121.12E 70 -16.0 -14.1 31.7 22.0 30.4 21.8 29.2 21.5 25.6 28.6 24.7 27.6 24.7 19.9 27.5 23.9 18.9 26.6 9.7 8.2 7.1 3512 598
JIXI 45.28N 130.95E 234 -24.8 -22.7 30.4 20.8 28.8 20.3 27.4 19.9 23.5 27.7 22.5 26.3 22.2 17.4 25.7 21.2 16.4 24.9 10.8 9.3 8.1 5212 273
KUNMING 25.02N 102.68E 1892 0.8 2.0 27.7 16.4 26.7 16.5 25.8 16.7 19.9 24.3 19.5 23.6 18.6 17.0 21.7 18.2 16.6 21.2 8.2 7.1 6.2 1179 339
LANZHOU 36.05N 103.88E 1518 -11.3 -9.8 32.4 18.0 30.9 17.4 29.5 16.9 20.2 28.4 19.5 27.3 17.9 15.5 24.3 16.9 14.6 23.4 4.4 3.5 3.1 3093 431
LINGXIAN 37.33N 116.57E 19 -10.7 -8.6 35.1 23.4 33.6 23.9 32.2 24.1 27.7 31.1 27.0 30.4 26.9 22.6 30.0 26.0 21.4 29.2 8.4 7.3 6.3 2573 916
LIUZHOU 24.35N 109.40E 97 3.5 4.9 35.3 25.6 34.4 25.6 33.6 25.5 27.2 32.3 26.9 31.8 26.0 21.6 29.5 25.6 21.1 29.2 5.4 4.6 4.1 687 1871
MENGJIN 34.82N 112.43E 333 -6.6 -5.1 34.8 21.6 33.3 22.1 31.9 22.2 26.6 30.6 25.9 29.6 25.6 21.7 29.1 24.8 20.7 28.1 9.0 7.4 6.3 2218 907
MUDANJIANG 44.57N 129.60E 242 -26.5 -24.1 31.2 21.4 29.6 20.6 28.1 20.2 23.6 28.5 22.7 27.0 22.0 17.2 26.6 21.3 16.4 25.6 8.8 7.3 6.1 5138 329
NANCHANG 28.60N 115.92E 50 -0.6 0.5 35.9 26.8 34.8 26.7 33.8 26.5 28.2 32.7 27.7 32.3 27.1 23.0 30.7 26.6 22.3 30.4 6.1 5.2 4.5 1387 1431
NANJING 31.93N 118.90E 15 -4.6 -3.0 35.2 26.9 34.1 26.8 32.9 26.3 28.3 32.8 27.7 32.0 27.2 23.0 31.0 26.7 22.3 30.5 7.7 6.6 5.8 1876 1107
NANNING 22.82N 108.35E 126 5.0 6.4 35.0 26.2 34.1 26.1 33.2 25.9 27.7 31.9 27.3 31.3 26.7 22.7 29.7 26.2 22.0 29.2 6.3 5.3 4.5 470 1961
NEIJIANG 29.58N 105.05E 357 2.5 3.6 35.2 25.9 33.9 25.5 32.7 25.0 27.3 32.7 26.7 31.8 26.0 22.3 30.4 25.4 21.5 29.7 5.2 4.4 3.7 1217 1148
QINGDAO 36.07N 120.33E 77 -7.9 -6.1 32.2 23.5 30.9 23.5 29.5 23.2 26.7 29.1 26.0 28.2 26.1 21.6 28.1 25.3 20.6 27.4 11.2 9.8 8.5 2499 764
QINGJIANG 33.60N 119.03E 19 -5.8 -4.0 33.7 27.1 32.5 26.4 31.3 25.7 28.3 32.2 27.7 31.3 27.3 23.1 30.8 26.7 22.3 30.2 6.7 5.8 5.1 2128 930
QIQIHAR 47.38N 123.92E 148 -27.7 -25.5 31.9 20.8 30.2 20.2 28.7 19.9 23.8 27.9 22.7 27.0 22.5 17.5 26.4 21.4 16.4 25.2 9.3 7.9 6.8 5391 391
SHANGHAI 31.40N 121.47E 4 -2.0 -0.6 35.1 26.9 33.8 26.6 32.6 26.3 27.9 32.5 27.4 31.7 26.7 22.3 30.4 26.2 21.7 29.9 7.6 6.8 6.1 1587 1188
SHANGHAI/HONGQIAO 31.17N 121.43E 7 -3.0 -1.5 35.2 27.3 34.1 27.2 33.0 26.8 28.7 32.8 28.0 31.9 27.9 24.0 31.1 27.1 22.8 30.4 9.1 8.0 7.1 1634 1196
SHANTOU 23.40N 116.68E 3 7.2 8.6 33.9 27.2 32.9 27.0 32.1 26.7 28.6 31.7 28.0 30.9 28.0 24.1 30.6 27.2 22.9 29.7 8.4 7.3 6.4 348 1836
SHAOGUAN 24.67N 113.60E 68 2.5 3.9 35.5 25.9 34.5 25.9 33.6 25.7 27.2 32.3 26.8 31.8 26.0 21.5 29.3 25.6 21.0 29.0 6.9 6.0 5.2 749 1753
SHENYANG 41.73N 123.52E 43 -22.4 -20.0 31.5 23.1 30.3 22.5 29.2 22.1 25.5 29.3 24.7 28.2 24.4 19.5 27.8 23.6 18.5 27.0 9.6 8.2 7.0 4053 547
SHENZHEN 22.55N 114.10E 18 7.1 8.6 33.9 26.4 33.1 26.3 32.4 26.2 28.8 31.0 28.2 30.4 28.2 24.5 30.2 27.8 23.9 29.9 8.1 7.1 6.3 246 2189
SHIJIAZHUANG 38.03N 114.42E 81 -8.4 -6.8 36.0 22.0 34.3 22.7 32.8 22.9 27.1 31.3 26.2 30.3 25.9 21.5 29.9 25.0 20.3 29.0 6.1 5.0 4.2 2438 1019
SIPING 43.18N 124.33E 167 -23.3 -21.0 31.1 21.6 29.8 21.4 28.7 21.0 24.7 28.3 23.9 27.3 23.6 18.8 27.0 22.8 17.9 26.2 9.0 7.6 6.5 4443 471
TAI SHAN 36.25N 117.10E 1536 -16.8 -14.6 22.6 17.0 21.6 17.2 20.8 17.5 20.7 21.0 20.0 20.4 20.7 18.5 20.9 19.9 17.7 20.2 18.2 16.2 14.4 4474 43
TAIYUAN 37.78N 112.55E 779 -14.9 -12.9 33.3 19.9 32.0 20.1 30.7 19.8 24.3 29.1 23.3 28.1 23.0 19.5 27.1 22.0 18.3 25.8 9.3 7.7 6.4 3212 539
TANGSHAN 39.65N 118.10E 29 -12.7 -10.9 33.2 22.9 31.9 23.0 30.8 22.7 26.6 30.3 25.7 29.2 25.5 20.8 29.0 24.7 19.8 28.1 8.1 6.7 5.5 2964 781
TAOXIAN 41.63N 123.48E 60 -24.2 -21.9 32.0 22.8 30.8 22.9 29.2 22.2 25.9 29.6 25.0 28.6 24.8 20.0 28.6 23.9 18.9 27.5 10.4 8.9 7.7 4132 558
TIANJIN 39.10N 117.17E 5 -10.4 -8.6 34.3 23.4 32.9 23.3 31.7 23.0 27.2 30.7 26.3 29.7 26.2 21.6 29.6 25.3 20.4 28.7 8.8 7.2 5.8 2718 924
WEIFANG 36.77N 119.18E 22 -10.7 -9.1 34.4 23.9 32.9 23.9 31.6 23.5 27.4 31.3 26.5 30.0 26.3 21.8 29.7 25.6 20.8 28.8 9.4 8.2 7.1 2703 799
WENZHOU 28.02N 120.67E 7 1.3 2.6 34.0 27.5 32.9 27.1 32.0 26.8 28.2 32.6 27.7 31.7 27.0 22.7 30.7 26.6 22.1 30.1 6.4 5.5 4.9 1107 1283
WU LU MU QI 43.80N 87.65E 947 -21.9 -19.8 33.5 16.3 31.9 16.1 30.4 15.7 18.0 28.3 17.4 27.7 15.1 12.0 20.3 14.1 11.2 20.4 7.6 6.0 5.0 4388 527
WUHAN 30.60N 114.05E 34 -2.1 -0.9 36.0 27.9 34.9 27.5 33.8 27.1 29.2 33.5 28.6 32.7 28.1 24.4 31.8 27.6 23.7 31.4 7.0 5.9 5.0 1603 1315
WUHUXIAN 31.15N 118.58E 16 -3.1 -1.7 36.0 27.5 34.8 27.1 33.5 26.7 28.6 33.5 28.0 32.9 27.4 23.4 31.6 26.7 22.4 30.9 7.9 6.8 5.9 1725 1186
XIAMEN 24.48N 118.08E 18 6.5 7.6 34.2 26.1 33.2 26.0 32.4 25.9 27.6 31.1 27.2 30.7 26.9 22.7 29.3 26.2 21.7 29.0 8.8 7.7 6.9 476 1714
XIAN 34.30N 108.93E 479 -7.2 -5.4 36.1 23.1 34.7 22.9 33.1 22.8 26.4 32.0 25.6 31.0 25.0 21.3 29.9 24.1 20.1 29.0 8.1 6.9 5.9 2344 901
XIHUA 33.78N 114.52E 53 -5.6 -4.1 35.0 25.4 33.8 25.7 32.5 25.2 28.6 32.6 27.8 31.5 27.5 23.6 31.4 26.7 22.5 30.5 5.8 5.0 4.3 2098 993
XINGTAI 37.07N 114.50E 78 -7.3 -5.9 35.8 22.3 34.2 22.8 32.9 23.0 27.2 31.4 26.4 30.4 26.1 21.7 29.8 25.3 20.7 29.3 5.5 4.7 4.1 2342 1044
XINING 36.62N 101.77E 2296 -16.6 -14.8 27.5 15.0 25.9 14.2 24.4 13.5 17.0 23.8 16.0 22.3 15.0 14.1 19.3 14.0 13.2 18.4 5.6 4.6 3.7 4164 49
XINYANG 32.13N 114.05E 115 -4.5 -3.1 34.6 26.5 33.4 25.9 32.2 25.3 27.8 32.5 27.2 31.7 26.6 22.5 30.5 26.1 21.7 30.0 8.2 7.0 6.0 1908 1042
XUZHOU 34.28N 117.15E 42 -6.2 -4.6 34.7 25.5 33.4 25.2 32.1 24.7 28.1 32.4 27.4 31.3 27.0 22.8 31.0 26.3 21.9 30.2 6.5 5.6 5.0 2140 1016
YANGJIANG 21.87N 111.97E 22 7.1 8.5 33.1 26.5 32.2 26.4 31.6 26.3 27.7 30.6 27.5 30.3 27.1 22.9 29.2 26.7 22.4 29.0 8.5 7.2 6.3 269 2032
YANJI 42.87N 129.50E 178 -22.5 -20.4 31.1 21.5 29.4 20.9 27.8 20.2 23.9 28.6 22.9 26.6 22.5 17.6 26.6 21.6 16.7 25.5 10.2 8.7 7.4 4739 288
YICHANG 30.70N 111.30E 134 -0.7 0.3 35.7 26.7 34.4 26.1 33.1 25.5 28.1 33.2 27.5 32.3 26.7 22.7 31.0 26.2 22.0 30.3 4.4 3.8 3.3 1481 1212
123
124


Heating DB
YINCHUAN 38.47N 106.20E 1112 -16.8 -14.3 32.4 19.0 31.1 18.7 29.8 18.1 22.2 28.5 21.2 27.4 20.3 17.2 25.6 19.3 16.1 25.0 8.4 6.5 5.3 3497 481
YINGKOU 40.67N 122.20E 4 -17.6 -15.5 30.5 24.1 29.4 23.5 28.5 23.0 25.7 28.7 25.1 28.0 24.8 19.8 27.9 24.1 19.0 27.2 10.3 8.9 7.9 3634 605
YUEYANG 29.38N 113.08E 52 -1.0 0.2 34.4 27.3 33.6 26.9 32.8 26.6 28.4 32.8 27.7 32.1 27.2 23.1 31.8 26.5 22.2 31.0 7.1 6.2 5.5 1481 1322
YUNCHENG 35.05N 111.05E 365 -8.3 -6.5 36.4 22.4 35.0 22.6 33.6 22.4 26.0 32.3 25.2 31.5 24.2 20.0 29.8 23.5 19.1 29.2 9.2 7.6 6.5 2342 1033
ZHANGJIAKOU 40.78N 114.88E 726 -16.5 -14.8 33.0 18.9 31.4 18.7 29.9 18.5 22.8 28.3 22.0 27.3 21.2 17.3 25.8 20.2 16.3 25.3 6.9 5.9 5.1 3681 542
ZHANJIANG 21.22N 110.40E 28 7.7 9.2 33.9 26.7 33.1 26.8 32.4 26.7 28.1 31.2 27.7 30.8 27.3 23.2 29.6 27.0 22.8 29.4 8.0 6.8 6.0 207 2240
ZHENGZHOU 34.72N 113.65E 111 -6.5 -5.0 35.2 23.7 33.9 24.0 32.5 24.0 28.0 31.6 27.1 30.7 27.0 23.0 30.5 26.2 21.8 29.6 8.4 6.9 5.7 2194 975
ZUNYI 27.70N 106.88E 845 -0.8 0.4 32.6 22.8 31.5 22.6 30.5 22.3 24.2 29.8 23.7 29.0 22.8 19.4 26.7 22.3 18.9 26.2 4.7 3.9 3.3 1649 842
Colombia 5 sites, 0 more on CD-ROM
BARRANQUILLA/ERNEST 10.88N 74.78W 30 22.8 23.1 34.2 27.2 33.6 27.1 33.0 26.9 28.6 31.6 28.2 31.1 28.1 24.3 30.0 27.4 23.3 29.5 12.4 10.4 9.3 0 3649
BOGOTA/ELDORADO 4.70N 74.15W 2548 3.0 4.7 21.3 13.4 20.8 13.4 20.1 13.3 15.4 18.8 15.0 18.4 14.2 13.8 16.7 13.9 13.6 16.5 8.4 7.0 6.1 1714 0
CALI/ALFONSO BONILL 3.55N 76.38W 969 17.8 18.0 32.1 22.2 31.2 22.0 30.9 22.0 23.4 29.6 22.9 29.5 21.7 18.4 26.6 21.1 17.7 25.7 8.1 6.3 5.4 0 2172
CARTAGENA/RAFAEL NU 10.45N 75.52W 12 23.2 23.8 32.9 27.6 32.2 27.2 31.9 27.1 28.2 31.3 27.9 31.0 27.2 23.0 30.4 27.1 22.8 30.3 8.4 7.3 6.3 0 3582
RIONEGRO/J.M.CORDOV 6.13N 75.43W 2142 10.0 10.9 24.0 15.9 23.2 15.8 23.0 15.7 17.6 21.4 17.2 21.1 16.2 15.1 18.4 16.1 14.9 18.2 8.7 6.9 5.6 395 26
Congo 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
BRAZZAVILLE/MAYA-M 4.25S 15.25E 319 18.0 18.9 34.2 24.6 33.3 24.5 32.9 24.5 26.1 31.0 25.7 30.6 24.9 20.8 28.2 24.2 19.9 27.6 5.9 5.0 4.4 0 2837
Costa Rica 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
JUAN SANTAMARIA INT 9.98N 84.18W 934 16.8 17.2 30.9 20.9 30.0 20.7 29.2 20.7 24.2 26.8 23.7 26.6 23.5 20.6 25.7 23.0 19.9 25.2 11.4 10.1 9.2 0 1831
Côte d'Ivoire 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
ABIDJAN 5.25N 3.93W 8 21.1 21.9 33.0 27.6 32.2 27.3 31.9 27.1 28.9 31.2 28.5 30.7 28.2 24.5 29.8 28.0 24.2 29.6 7.2 6.4 5.8 0 3247
Croatia 2 sites, 12 more on CD-ROM
ZAGREB/MAKSIMIR 45.82N 16.03E 128 -10.2 -7.4 32.0 21.3 30.4 20.8 28.9 20.3 22.3 29.4 21.6 28.6 20.1 15.0 25.5 19.2 14.2 24.8 5.7 4.8 4.1 2799 327
ZAGREB/PLESO 45.73N 16.07E 107 -11.2 -8.4 32.1 21.8 30.8 21.4 29.1 20.7 23.0 30.0 22.2 28.8 20.9 15.7 26.4 20.0 14.8 25.5 8.3 7.0 5.8 2900 294
Cuba 3 sites, 2 more on CD-ROM
AEROPUERTO JOSE MAR 22.98N 82.40W 75 10.3 12.2 33.1 25.4 32.6 25.4 32.1 25.3 27.7 30.5 27.1 30.4 27.1 23.0 29.6 26.2 21.8 29.0 9.9 8.4 7.5 31 2341
CAMAGUEY AEROPUERTO 21.42N 77.85W 118 14.8 16.2 33.8 24.1 33.1 24.2 32.4 24.3 26.7 30.8 26.3 30.2 25.9 21.5 28.8 25.2 20.6 28.2 10.2 9.0 7.8 6 2682
SANTIAGO DE CUBA 19.97N 75.85W 55 18.2 19.2 32.0 25.7 31.3 25.7 31.1 25.7 27.4 29.8 27.0 29.8 27.0 22.8 29.0 26.2 21.8 28.8 9.2 7.7 6.6 0 2860
Czech Republic 5 sites, 32 more on CD-ROM
BRNO/TURANY 49.15N 16.68E 246 -12.6 -10.2 30.3 20.0 28.5 19.2 26.8 18.5 21.1 28.0 20.2 26.7 18.8 14.0 24.0 17.9 13.2 23.1 10.2 8.9 7.9 3433 174
OSTRAVA/MOSNOV 49.68N 18.12E 260 -15.4 -12.2 30.2 20.0 28.2 19.2 26.4 18.4 20.9 27.8 20.0 26.5 18.6 13.9 23.4 17.8 13.2 22.5 10.1 9.0 8.1 3601 117
PRAHA/RUZYNE 50.10N 14.25E 365 -13.7 -10.8 29.3 18.9 27.3 18.3 25.5 17.6 20.0 26.6 19.2 25.5 17.8 13.4 22.8 17.0 12.6 21.3 12.0 10.2 8.7 3692 96
PRAHA-KBELY 50.12N 14.55E 286 -12.5 -10.0 29.6 19.2 27.8 18.7 26.1 18.1 20.6 26.7 19.8 25.3 18.7 14.0 22.4 17.9 13.3 21.8 9.2 7.9 6.8 3436 139
PRAHA-LIBUS 50.01N 14.45E 304 -12.5 -9.8 30.3 19.0 28.3 18.4 26.5 17.7 20.2 27.3 19.3 26.0 17.9 13.3 21.9 17.1 12.7 21.2 7.8 6.5 5.6 3427 143
Denmark 4 sites, 34 more on CD-ROM
DROGDEN 55.53N 12.72E 0 -6.5 -4.9 22.2 18.3 21.1 17.7 20.1 17.1 19.2 21.5 18.5 20.6 18.3 13.2 20.6 17.6 12.6 19.9 18.1 15.7 14.3 3514 28
KOEBENHAVN/KASTRUP 55.62N 12.65E 5 -7.9 -6.0 25.5 18.1 24.0 17.5 22.4 16.8 19.5 23.2 18.6 22.2 18.2 13.1 21.0 17.2 12.3 20.1 12.6 11.3 10.2 3592 48
ROSKILDE/TUNE 55.58N 12.13E 43 -9.9 -7.3 25.8 18.2 24.0 17.6 22.5 16.9 19.7 23.3 18.7 22.3 18.4 13.3 21.4 17.2 12.4 20.2 12.4 11.0 9.9 3768 30
VAERLOESE 55.77N 12.33E 31 -11.1 -8.1 26.2 18.1 24.5 17.7 22.8 17.0 19.7 23.2 18.7 22.6 18.8 13.6 21.3 17.5 12.5 19.9 12.0 10.5 9.3 3813 34
Dominican Republic 2 sites, 0 more on CD-ROM
LAS AMERICAS 18.43N 69.67W 18 18.1 19.0 33.0 26.5 32.2 26.4 31.9 26.4 28.2 31.4 27.7 31.0 27.2 23.0 30.9 26.8 22.4 30.6 7.6 6.5 5.9 0 2882
SANTO DOMINGO 18.43N 69.88W 14 19.6 20.3 32.6 27.2 32.1 27.1 31.6 26.9 28.5 31.4 28.0 31.1 27.7 23.7 30.9 27.1 22.9 30.5 6.7 5.6 4.5 0 3033
Ecuador 2 sites, 1 more on CD-ROM
GUAYAQUIL AEROPUERT 2.15S 79.88W 9 18.9 19.2 33.0 24.2 32.2 24.2 31.8 24.1 26.5 29.9 25.9 29.6 25.8 21.2 28.8 24.9 20.0 27.5 7.2 6.4 5.9 0 2757
QUITO AEROPUERTO 0.13S 78.48W 2812 6.8 7.8 21.9 12.0 21.1 12.0 20.8 12.0 14.4 18.8 14.0 18.4 13.0 13.3 16.0 12.2 12.6 14.9 7.6 6.7 6.0 1401 1
Egypt 6 sites, 17 more on CD-ROM
ALEXANDRIA/NOUZHA 31.17N 29.93E 7 6.9 7.9 33.2 22.3 31.5 23.2 30.4 23.4 25.4 29.8 24.9 29.4 24.1 19.0 28.4 23.3 18.1 27.9 10.1 8.8 7.9 476 1307
ASYUT 27.05N 31.02E 70 4.5 5.6 41.1 20.4 39.7 20.4 38.3 20.1 22.7 35.1 22.0 34.7 19.2 14.1 27.3 18.0 13.1 27.4 10.3 9.2 8.3 497 2094
CAIRO AIRPORT 30.10N 31.18E 74 7.8 8.9 38.2 21.4 36.9 21.6 35.8 21.8 25.1 32.1 24.5 31.4 23.2 18.1 27.7 22.8 17.7 27.4 9.3 8.0 7.1 360 1853
LUXOR 25.67N 32.70E 99 5.2 6.6 43.2 22.7 42.2 22.5 41.2 22.3 24.3 40.0 23.7 39.4 19.1 14.0 33.8 18.1 13.2 33.4 7.1 6.2 5.3 282 2783
PORT SAID 31.27N 32.30E 6 9.8 10.8 32.2 25.3 31.2 25.3 30.9 25.2 26.8 30.6 26.4 30.1 25.9 21.2 29.9 25.1 20.2 29.4 10.7 9.5 8.8 283 1601
PORT SAID/EL GAMIL 31.28N 32.23E 6 9.8 10.8 31.9 25.3 31.0 25.2 30.3 24.8 26.7 30.4 26.1 29.9 25.6 20.8 29.6 24.9 20.0 29.2 11.6 10.3 9.4 309 1516
Estonia 1 site, 19 more on CD-ROM
TALLIN-HARKU 59.38N 24.58E 33 -18.9 -15.2 26.1 18.7 24.2 17.6 22.8 16.8 20.0 24.2 18.7 22.6 18.3 13.2 21.7 17.2 12.3 20.7 9.2 8.1 7.2 4607 34
Finland 2 sites, 49 more on CD-ROM
HELSINKI-VANTAA 60.32N 24.97E 56 -22.1 -18.6 26.9 18.0 25.1 17.0 23.4 16.2 19.4 24.4 18.3 22.9 17.8 12.8 21.3 16.5 11.8 19.9 10.1 9.0 8.0 4786 46
ISOSAARI 60.10N 25.07E 5 -18.7 -15.1 22.8 19.3 21.5 18.5 20.4 17.5 20.1 22.1 18.9 21.0 19.2 14.0 21.5 18.0 13.0 20.4 15.8 14.1 12.6 4571 29

Heating DB
France 14 sites, 145 more on CD-ROM
CAP COURONNE 43.33N 5.05E 27 -2.9 0.4 30.7 22.6 29.5 22.3 28.3 21.8 24.8 28.7 24.0 27.8 23.6 18.5 27.4 22.8 17.6 26.6 17.1 15.0 13.3 1578 568
CAP POMEGUES 43.27N 5.30E 70 -1.4 1.8 28.6 22.0 27.3 21.9 26.3 21.5 24.2 26.5 23.4 25.7 23.5 18.4 25.6 22.7 17.5 25.0 23.5 20.7 17.9 1523 457
CAPE FERRAT 43.68N 7.33E 144 4.0 5.2 29.1 22.4 28.1 22.4 27.1 22.1 24.6 27.3 23.9 26.7 23.7 18.9 26.5 23.0 18.1 25.9 12.2 9.9 8.0 1269 561
LE BOURGET 48.97N 2.43E 52 -4.5 -3.0 31.1 19.9 29.0 19.1 26.9 18.6 21.1 28.2 20.2 26.6 19.0 13.8 23.1 18.0 13.0 22.3 9.9 8.7 7.7 2511 171
LYON-BRON 45.72N 4.93E 202 -5.4 -3.9 33.2 19.8 31.4 19.6 29.7 19.3 21.4 29.4 20.7 28.4 18.9 14.0 24.0 18.1 13.4 23.5 11.3 9.8 8.4 2393 381
LYON-SATOLAS 45.73N 5.08E 240 -6.1 -4.3 32.4 20.2 30.7 19.9 28.9 19.3 21.7 28.9 20.8 27.8 19.2 14.4 24.4 18.5 13.7 23.5 10.6 9.1 7.9 2526 321
MARIGNANE 43.45N 5.23E 32 -2.8 -1.2 32.7 21.2 31.3 21.0 30.1 20.6 23.4 28.8 22.6 28.3 21.8 16.5 26.4 20.9 15.6 25.8 16.3 14.2 12.3 1655 623
NICE 43.65N 7.20E 27 1.9 3.0 29.5 22.7 28.6 22.6 27.7 22.4 24.9 27.7 24.1 27.2 24.0 18.9 27.0 23.0 17.8 26.5 11.9 10.1 8.3 1404 537
PARIS-AEROPORT CHAR 49.02N 2.53E 112 -5.9 -3.8 30.7 20.0 28.6 19.3 26.6 18.6 21.3 27.8 20.4 26.4 19.2 14.1 23.9 18.2 13.3 22.8 11.5 10.0 8.8 2617 166
PARIS-MONTSOURIS 48.82N 2.33E 77 -3.0 -1.8 31.2 20.1 29.1 19.5 27.2 18.7 21.4 28.9 20.3 27.0 18.9 13.8 24.1 17.9 13.0 23.0 7.3 6.4 5.7 2323 239
PARIS-ORLY 48.72N 2.38E 90 -5.4 -3.6 31.0 20.1 29.0 19.4 27.0 18.6 21.4 28.4 20.4 26.7 19.1 14.1 23.7 18.2 13.2 22.8 10.9 9.4 8.3 2609 182
TOULOUSE BLAGNAC 43.63N 1.37E 154 -4.0 -2.2 33.1 20.9 31.2 20.4 29.5 19.9 22.5 29.5 21.7 28.3 20.3 15.2 25.5 19.5 14.5 24.7 10.5 9.3 8.2 2048 389
TRAPPES 48.77N 2.00E 168 -4.6 -3.2 30.0 19.5 28.0 18.7 26.1 18.0 20.7 27.1 19.7 25.6 18.7 13.8 23.0 17.7 13.0 21.7 6.8 6.0 5.3 2696 139
VILLACOUBLAY 48.77N 2.20E 179 -5.3 -3.5 29.8 19.6 27.9 19.0 26.0 18.2 20.9 27.3 19.9 25.7 18.8 13.9 23.5 17.8 13.1 22.4 9.5 8.4 7.5 2757 152
Gabon 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
LIBREVILLE 0.45N 9.42E 15 21.9 22.5 31.8 27.4 31.1 27.2 30.9 27.1 28.3 30.3 27.9 29.9 27.9 24.1 30.0 27.2 23.0 29.2 6.9 6.2 5.5 0 3020
Gambia 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
BANJUL/YUNDUM 13.20N 16.63W 33 16.4 17.3 37.9 20.2 36.1 20.2 35.0 21.0 27.7 31.4 27.2 30.9 26.8 22.5 30.0 26.2 21.7 29.5 8.7 7.9 7.0 1 3128
Georgia 1 site, 4 more on CD-ROM
TBILISI/LOCHINI A 41.75N 44.77E 427 -5.3 -3.9 34.6 21.8 33.1 21.4 31.6 21.1 23.2 31.9 22.3 30.9 20.2 15.7 27.7 19.3 14.8 26.9 20.6 17.3 14.8 2347 680
Germany 28 sites, 108 more on CD-ROM
BERLIN/DAHLEM 52.47N 13.30E 51 -12.0 -9.1 29.3 19.0 27.3 18.2 25.6 17.4 20.2 26.5 19.3 25.2 18.1 13.1 22.3 17.1 12.3 21.1 7.4 6.5 5.9 3390 118
BERLIN/SCHONEFELD 52.38N 13.52E 47 -13.9 -10.8 29.6 19.0 27.7 18.3 25.8 17.6 20.2 26.5 19.3 25.7 18.1 13.1 22.6 17.1 12.2 21.3 11.1 9.6 8.4 3508 101
BERLIN/TEGEL (FAFB) 52.57N 13.32E 37 -12.4 -9.2 30.0 18.7 28.0 18.0 26.2 17.1 20.0 26.9 19.1 25.7 17.9 12.9 22.1 16.9 12.1 21.0 10.4 9.2 8.2 3317 147
BERLIN/TEMPELHOF 52.47N 13.40E 50 -11.8 -9.2 30.0 18.9 28.0 18.2 26.2 17.5 20.1 26.9 19.2 25.8 18.0 13.0 22.1 16.9 12.1 21.2 10.4 9.1 8.1 3284 147
BREMEN 53.05N 8.80E 3 -10.7 -8.0 28.5 19.4 26.4 18.4 24.6 17.5 20.4 26.1 19.3 24.5 18.5 13.3 22.5 17.4 12.5 21.3 11.4 10.0 8.8 3423 72
CELLE 52.60N 10.02E 52 -11.2 -8.4 30.2 18.9 28.2 18.3 26.2 17.3 20.0 27.8 19.1 26.2 17.4 12.5 21.9 16.5 11.9 21.6 9.3 8.0 7.0 3288 119
DRESDEN/KLOTZSCHE 51.13N 13.77E 230 -13.6 -10.6 29.4 18.7 27.3 18.1 25.7 17.4 20.0 26.6 19.0 25.2 17.5 12.9 22.1 16.7 12.3 21.4 9.6 8.3 7.3 3408 124
DUSSELDORF 51.28N 6.78E 45 -9.9 -6.8 29.6 19.6 27.8 18.7 26.1 17.9 20.5 27.3 19.7 26.0 18.3 13.2 22.9 17.4 12.5 21.9 10.4 9.2 8.1 2929 139
ESSEN/MULHEIM 51.40N 6.97E 154 -9.9 -6.9 28.2 19.3 26.6 18.4 24.8 17.6 20.1 26.2 19.2 25.1 18.0 13.2 22.4 17.1 12.4 21.2 9.7 8.4 7.4 3178 103
FRANKFURT MAIN ARPT 50.05N 8.60E 112 -9.7 -7.2 30.8 19.1 28.9 18.6 27.2 18.1 20.7 27.5 19.8 26.2 18.6 13.6 22.5 17.7 12.8 21.8 10.1 8.7 7.5 3094 171
FUERSTENFELDBRUCK 48.20N 11.27E 535 -15.1 -12.1 29.1 18.9 27.1 18.0 25.2 17.2 19.7 27.2 18.8 25.8 17.0 12.9 23.3 16.1 12.2 21.8 11.1 9.3 7.7 3706 82
GUETERSLOH 51.93N 8.32E 72 -9.5 -6.7 30.0 19.1 27.9 18.5 25.9 17.8 20.5 27.1 19.6 25.6 18.3 13.3 22.2 17.5 12.7 21.4 9.8 8.4 7.4 3090 114
HAMBURG/FUHLSBUTTEL 53.63N 10.00E 16 -11.6 -8.9 27.8 18.9 25.9 18.1 24.0 17.2 20.0 25.8 18.9 24.2 17.9 12.9 22.1 16.9 12.1 21.2 10.2 9.0 8.1 3514 61
HANNOVER 52.47N 9.70E 55 -12.7 -9.7 28.9 19.4 27.0 18.5 25.1 17.6 20.4 26.5 19.4 25.2 18.3 13.3 22.2 17.3 12.5 21.6 10.2 8.9 8.0 3368 80
HEIDELBERG (USA-AF) 49.40N 8.65E 109 -8.1 -5.2 31.9 20.6 30.0 19.9 28.2 18.8 21.7 29.0 20.9 27.8 19.2 14.2 24.1 18.2 13.3 23.5 7.9 6.8 5.9 2741 264
KOLN/BONN (CIV/MIL) 50.87N 7.17E 91 -9.7 -6.9 30.0 19.5 28.0 18.7 26.2 17.8 20.7 27.4 19.6 25.9 18.3 13.4 23.2 17.4 12.6 21.9 8.9 7.8 6.9 3082 107
LEIPZIG-HOLZHAUSEN 51.32N 12.45E 151 -10.4 -7.7 30.3 19.2 28.3 18.4 26.5 17.9 20.4 27.3 19.6 25.7 18.2 13.3 22.1 17.4 12.7 21.5 6.6 5.8 5.1 3149 157
LEIPZIG/SCHKEUDITZ 51.42N 12.23E 133 -13.3 -10.4 29.8 19.2 27.7 18.5 25.9 17.7 20.2 27.1 19.3 25.7 17.8 13.0 22.7 17.0 12.3 21.8 12.5 10.8 9.4 3393 120
MUNICH 48.13N 11.55E 520 -11.9 -9.2 29.5 19.0 27.7 18.1 26.1 17.5 19.7 27.4 18.9 26.1 17.2 13.1 21.6 16.4 12.5 21.1 7.8 6.4 5.3 3337 157
MUNICH/RIEM 48.35N 11.79E 453 -13.2 -10.2 29.7 19.0 27.8 18.5 26.0 17.9 20.0 26.7 19.2 25.7 17.9 13.6 21.9 17.1 12.9 21.4 11.6 9.7 8.3 3540 104
NOERVENICH 50.83N 6.67E 135 -8.2 -6.0 30.3 19.5 28.2 18.8 26.3 17.9 20.7 27.9 19.7 26.4 18.2 13.3 23.2 17.2 12.5 22.2 10.0 8.4 7.2 2966 123
NURNBERG 49.50N 11.08E 319 -14.4 -10.9 30.2 18.5 28.3 17.9 26.5 17.0 19.7 26.8 18.9 25.5 17.6 13.1 21.3 16.8 12.4 20.6 9.2 7.9 6.8 3507 128
POTSDAM 52.38N 13.07E 81 -12.9 -10.3 29.3 18.9 27.4 18.3 25.6 17.7 20.2 26.6 19.3 25.4 18.3 13.3 22.1 17.1 12.3 21.3 10.8 9.4 8.3 3460 108
QUICKBORN 53.73N 9.88E 17 -9.7 -7.4 28.4 18.9 26.4 18.4 24.5 17.7 20.3 25.7 19.4 24.2 18.6 13.5 21.7 17.7 12.7 20.9 8.9 7.5 6.6 3458 59
ROTH 49.22N 11.10E 395 -13.3 -10.3 30.8 19.2 28.7 18.4 26.9 17.8 20.1 28.0 19.3 26.5 17.7 13.3 21.9 16.9 12.6 21.5 8.1 6.9 5.8 3586 107
STUTTGART/ECHTERDI 48.68N 9.22E 396 -12.7 -10.0 29.3 18.9 27.6 18.4 25.8 17.7 20.0 27.4 19.2 26.0 17.4 13.0 23.1 16.6 12.4 22.2 9.4 7.9 6.8 3490 106
STUTTGART/SCHNARREN 48.83N 9.20E 315 -11.5 -9.0 29.6 19.6 27.8 18.6 26.1 17.9 20.6 27.3 19.7 25.9 18.2 13.6 23.2 17.4 12.9 22.4 9.1 7.7 6.6 3152 160
WUNSTORF 52.47N 9.43E 51 -10.7 -7.9 30.2 19.2 28.1 18.5 26.1 17.6 20.3 27.7 19.4 26.2 17.9 12.9 22.5 16.9 12.1 22.0 10.6 9.3 8.2 3183 122
Greece 3 sites, 23 more on CD-ROM
ATHINAI AP HELLINIKO 37.90N 23.73E 15 1.8 3.2 35.6 21.1 34.1 21.0 32.9 21.0 24.6 31.4 23.8 30.6 22.3 17.0 29.0 21.5 16.2 28.5 10.0 8.9 8.1 1117 1131
ELEFSIS (AIRPORT) 38.07N 23.55E 31 0.8 2.1 36.9 20.9 35.1 20.6 34.0 20.3 22.7 32.2 22.1 31.7 19.9 14.7 26.7 18.9 13.8 26.2 10.1 9.0 8.2 1231 1173
THESSALONIKI (AIRPORT) 40.52N 22.97E 4 -3.2 -1.8 34.2 21.7 33.0 21.8 31.8 21.3 23.8 31.1 23.0 30.2 21.2 15.9 28.3 20.4 15.1 27.4 11.5 9.6 8.2 1801 823
Guatemala 1 site, 2 more on CD-ROM

GUATEMALA (AEROPUERTO) 14.58N 90.52W 1489 10.8 11.9 28.1 17.7 27.2 17.9 26.2 17.8 20.2 24.8 19.7 24.1 19.0 16.6 21.3 18.2 15.8 20.7 11.9 10.3 9.5 65 701
125
126


Heating DB
Honduras 2 sites, 1 more on CD-ROM
LA MESA (SAN PEDRO SULA) 15.45N 87.93W 31 17.3 18.2 37.1 25.9 36.0 26.1 35.0 26.1 28.4 33.2 27.8 32.4 27.2 23.0 30.6 26.9 22.6 30.2 8.8 7.8 6.7 0 3228
TEGUCIGALPA 14.05N 87.22W 1007 11.6 12.9 32.0 19.2 31.0 19.7 30.1 19.7 22.5 27.8 22.1 27.4 21.1 17.8 24.4 20.7 17.4 23.8 9.3 8.2 7.2 13 1492
Hong Kong 2 sites, 2 more on CD-ROM
HONG KONG INTERNATI 22.32N 113.92E 8 8.9 10.4 33.9 26.5 33.1 26.3 32.2 26.1 27.7 30.9 27.3 30.6 26.9 22.6 30.1 26.2 21.7 29.6 10.4 9.1 8.2 170 2304
HONG KONG OBSERVATO 22.30N 114.17E 62 9.6 10.9 32.2 26.5 31.7 26.4 31.2 26.3 27.4 30.5 27.1 30.1 26.6 22.3 29.3 26.2 21.8 29.1 8.6 7.4 6.5 237 1976
Hungary 3 sites, 31 more on CD-ROM
BUDAORS 47.45N 18.97E 132 -11.2 -9.0 31.0 20.1 29.3 19.7 27.8 19.2 21.3 28.9 20.5 27.5 18.6 13.7 24.3 17.9 13.1 23.6 13.9 11.6 9.3 3072 246
BUDAPEST/FERIHEGY I 47.43N 19.27E 185 -12.1 -9.8 32.6 22.0 30.9 21.0 29.0 20.0 23.0 30.6 21.8 28.5 20.2 15.3 26.7 19.8 14.8 25.7 13.9 11.2 9.2 3158 268
BUDAPEST/PESTSZENTL 47.43N 19.18E 139 -10.1 -8.1 32.6 20.3 30.9 19.8 29.2 19.2 21.6 29.2 20.7 28.5 19.1 14.1 24.5 18.2 13.3 23.6 7.5 6.4 5.5 2958 347
India 36 sites, 30 more on CD-ROM
AHMADABAD 23.07N 72.63E 55 11.0 12.3 42.1 23.0 41.0 22.8 39.9 22.9 28.5 33.7 28.0 32.7 27.3 23.3 30.6 26.9 22.8 30.1 6.9 6.0 5.3 11 3478
AKOLA 20.70N 77.07E 305 12.9 14.1 43.2 22.0 42.0 21.7 40.9 21.5 26.8 34.3 26.2 32.1 25.2 21.2 28.5 24.9 20.7 28.0 5.7 4.8 4.0 3 3382
AURANGABAD CHIKALTH 19.85N 75.40E 579 10.6 12.0 40.2 22.6 39.2 22.7 38.2 22.4 26.6 35.2 25.7 33.1 24.6 21.0 29.4 24.0 20.3 28.3 8.3 7.0 6.0 7 2779
BANGALORE 12.97N 77.58E 921 15.2 15.9 34.2 19.8 33.4 19.8 32.6 19.8 23.6 28.9 23.1 28.3 22.2 19.0 25.4 21.7 18.4 24.9 5.5 4.8 4.1 0 2142
BELGAUM/SAMBRA 15.85N 74.62E 747 13.3 14.5 36.4 19.2 35.4 19.3 34.4 19.4 24.0 29.3 23.6 28.4 22.7 19.1 25.5 22.4 18.7 25.2 8.3 7.5 6.4 0 2233
BHOPAL/BAIRAGARH 23.28N 77.35E 523 10.0 11.2 41.8 21.6 40.6 21.4 39.4 21.3 26.2 31.5 25.8 30.7 25.1 21.6 28.1 24.7 21.0 27.6 9.0 8.1 7.1 53 2757
BHUBANESWAR 20.25N 85.83E 46 14.0 15.1 38.6 26.6 37.3 26.6 36.2 26.5 29.4 34.1 29.0 33.6 28.4 24.8 31.4 28.0 24.2 31.1 10.2 8.9 7.9 1 3361
BIKANER 28.00N 73.30E 224 6.2 7.6 44.2 21.3 42.9 22.0 41.6 22.3 28.1 34.5 27.6 33.9 26.8 23.1 30.5 26.2 22.2 30.3 6.9 5.4 4.4 172 3450
BOMBAY/SANTACRUZ 19.12N 72.85E 14 16.8 18.0 35.9 22.7 34.9 23.1 33.9 23.4 27.7 31.2 27.4 30.9 26.9 22.6 29.9 26.4 21.9 29.5 7.1 6.3 5.7 0 3435
CALCUTTA/DUM DUM 22.65N 88.45E 6 11.5 12.7 37.4 27.0 36.3 27.0 35.4 26.8 29.6 34.5 29.1 33.8 28.4 24.7 32.2 28.0 24.2 31.9 6.0 5.1 4.4 17 3096
COIMBATORE/PEELAMED 11.03N 77.05E 399 18.2 19.1 36.5 22.1 35.6 22.4 34.7 22.7 25.7 31.4 25.2 30.7 24.6 20.5 27.3 24.1 20.0 26.9 9.2 8.3 7.6 0 3116
CWC VISHAKHAPATNAM 17.70N 83.30E 66 20.0 20.8 33.7 27.2 33.0 27.6 32.4 27.4 29.2 32.1 28.7 31.7 28.4 24.9 31.5 27.9 24.2 31.2 8.1 7.1 6.2 0 3409
GAUHATI 26.10N 91.58E 54 10.9 11.9 34.6 26.7 33.7 26.7 33.0 26.7 28.7 32.7 28.4 32.1 27.7 23.9 31.1 27.3 23.3 30.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 53 2392
GWALIOR 26.23N 78.25E 207 6.0 7.2 43.7 22.5 42.6 22.7 41.3 22.6 28.3 33.2 27.9 32.5 27.2 23.6 30.5 26.8 23.1 30.1 4.5 3.6 3.1 181 3043
BEGUMPET AIRPORT 17.45N 78.47E 545 13.9 15.1 40.2 21.8 39.1 21.7 38.0 21.8 25.7 31.5 25.1 30.8 24.2 20.5 27.8 23.8 20.0 27.3 7.8 6.5 5.8 0 3096
INDORE 22.72N 75.80E 567 9.3 10.7 40.9 19.8 39.7 19.8 38.6 19.8 25.6 30.4 25.1 29.8 24.5 20.9 27.4 24.1 20.4 26.9 11.0 9.5 8.7 41 2642
JABALPUR 23.20N 79.95E 393 8.5 9.8 42.4 20.7 41.2 20.7 40.0 20.9 26.6 31.1 26.2 30.3 25.6 21.8 28.4 25.2 21.3 27.9 4.2 3.4 3.0 79 2842
JAIPUR/SANGANER 26.82N 75.80E 390 7.2 8.6 42.5 21.3 41.2 21.3 40.0 21.3 27.5 31.2 27.0 30.9 26.7 23.5 29.0 26.1 22.6 28.7 7.8 6.3 5.3 161 2994
JAMSHEDPUR 22.82N 86.18E 142 10.1 11.3 42.3 22.2 40.7 22.5 39.1 23.0 28.2 33.2 27.7 32.4 27.0 23.2 30.1 26.6 22.6 29.6 4.2 3.4 2.9 23 3111
JODHPUR 26.30N 73.02E 224 8.8 10.1 42.7 21.2 41.4 21.6 40.2 21.8 27.5 32.4 27.1 32.1 26.5 22.6 29.5 26.0 21.9 29.1 5.4 4.5 3.5 69 3402
KOZHIKODE 11.25N 75.78E 5 22.4 23.0 34.1 28.1 33.5 27.7 33.1 27.3 28.8 33.0 28.4 32.5 27.6 23.6 32.1 27.2 23.0 31.5 6.2 5.2 4.3 0 3526
LUCKNOW/AMAUSI 26.75N 80.88E 128 6.9 8.1 42.1 22.8 40.8 22.8 39.2 23.5 29.2 33.8 28.8 33.2 28.2 24.8 31.4 27.9 24.3 31.2 6.9 5.9 5.0 183 2804
MADRAS/MINAMBAKKAM 13.00N 80.18E 16 19.9 20.8 38.7 25.9 37.2 25.8 36.2 25.8 28.4 33.1 28.0 32.3 27.3 23.1 30.5 27.0 22.7 30.3 8.2 7.3 6.3 0 3814
MANGALORE/BAJPE 12.92N 74.88E 102 20.7 21.5 34.4 25.0 33.8 25.0 33.3 24.8 27.2 31.4 26.8 30.9 26.2 21.8 29.0 25.8 21.3 28.7 7.9 6.7 6.0 0 3333
NAGPUR SONEGAON 21.10N 79.05E 310 11.8 13.0 43.9 22.5 42.8 22.4 41.4 22.2 27.4 32.3 26.8 31.6 26.2 22.5 29.0 25.9 22.0 28.8 7.9 6.4 5.5 6 3287
NELLORE 14.45N 79.98E 20 20.4 21.1 40.7 26.8 39.2 27.1 38.0 26.9 29.0 35.8 28.5 34.9 27.5 23.5 31.5 27.1 22.9 31.2 5.2 4.2 3.4 0 4075
NEW DELHI/PALAM 28.57N 77.12E 233 6.1 7.2 43.8 22.6 42.1 22.5 40.8 22.5 29.5 33.3 28.9 32.7 29.0 26.3 30.9 28.1 25.0 30.7 8.0 6.9 6.0 281 2981
NEW DELHI/SAFDARJUN 28.58N 77.20E 216 6.2 7.2 42.2 22.7 40.7 22.9 39.4 23.1 28.7 34.0 28.2 33.4 27.5 24.1 31.2 27.1 23.5 30.8 6.7 5.7 4.8 261 2811
PATIALA 30.33N 76.47E 251 5.0 6.1 41.6 24.6 40.1 24.4 38.5 24.5 29.6 33.6 29.2 33.4 28.6 25.9 31.8 28.2 25.2 31.6 4.2 3.3 2.8 393 2427
PATNA 25.60N 85.10E 60 8.0 9.2 41.1 23.0 39.6 23.1 38.0 23.8 28.9 33.7 28.6 33.0 27.9 24.2 30.9 27.5 23.6 30.5 6.3 5.6 5.0 131 2873
POONA 18.53N 73.85E 559 9.9 11.0 38.3 19.8 37.2 19.7 36.2 19.8 24.7 29.9 24.2 29.1 23.5 19.6 26.3 23.1 19.1 25.9 5.1 4.2 3.4 7 2358
RAJKOT 22.30N 70.78E 138 11.9 13.4 41.1 22.2 40.0 22.2 38.9 22.6 27.9 33.4 27.4 32.2 26.8 22.8 29.3 26.4 22.3 29.0 10.7 9.2 8.3 6 3455
SHOLAPUR 17.67N 75.90E 479 15.9 17.1 41.1 22.2 40.1 22.5 39.0 22.3 26.6 33.1 25.9 32.1 25.1 21.5 29.0 24.5 20.7 28.4 3.2 2.6 2.4 0 3501
SURAT 21.20N 72.83E 12 14.2 15.5 38.0 22.4 36.5 22.7 35.2 23.0 28.2 31.7 27.9 31.4 27.4 23.3 30.2 27.0 22.8 29.9 5.5 4.7 3.9 1 3422
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 8.48N 76.95E 64 22.1 22.7 33.8 25.8 33.2 25.7 32.8 25.6 27.6 31.7 27.2 31.2 26.5 22.2 29.7 26.1 21.7 29.4 5.4 4.5 3.7 0 3401
TIRUCHCHIRAPALLI 10.77N 78.72E 88 20.0 20.8 39.0 25.8 38.1 25.7 37.3 25.5 27.8 35.0 27.2 34.1 26.2 21.9 30.1 25.8 21.3 29.7 11.4 10.3 9.0 0 4013
Indonesia 8 sites, 10 more on CD-ROM
DENPASAR/NGURAH RAI 8.75S 115.17E 1 21.8 22.8 32.4 26.6 32.0 26.4 31.5 26.3 27.6 30.8 27.2 30.4 26.9 22.5 29.8 26.2 21.7 29.2 8.1 7.0 6.1 0 3369
JAKARTA/SOEKARNO-HA 6.12S 106.65E 8 22.0 22.8 33.8 25.6 33.1 25.8 32.8 25.8 27.8 31.3 27.4 31.0 26.9 22.6 30.3 26.2 21.7 29.4 9.8 8.4 7.4 0 3388
MEDAN/POLONIA 3.57N 98.68E 25 22.5 22.8 34.2 26.1 33.7 26.1 33.1 26.1 27.5 32.0 27.2 31.5 26.2 21.7 29.9 26.0 21.5 29.6 6.1 5.3 4.8 0 3434
MENADO/ SAM RATULAN 1.53N 124.92E 80 20.5 21.4 33.0 24.3 32.5 24.4 32.1 24.6 26.4 30.4 26.1 30.1 25.2 20.6 28.2 25.1 20.4 28.1 7.5 5.9 4.9 0 3055
PADANG/TABING 0.88S 100.35E 3 21.5 22.1 32.2 25.9 31.9 25.9 31.6 25.9 27.2 31.0 26.9 30.7 26.1 21.6 29.9 25.7 21.0 29.5 5.4 4.6 4.1 0 3168
PEKAN BARU/SIMPANGT 0.47N 101.45E 31 21.8 22.3 34.5 26.7 34.0 26.7 33.6 26.6 28.1 32.8 27.7 32.4 26.7 22.4 31.4 26.3 21.8 30.9 5.4 4.5 4.0 0 3499
SURABAYA/JUANDA 7.37S 112.77E 3 21.0 21.9 34.1 24.5 33.5 24.7 33.0 24.8 27.0 31.1 26.7 30.7 26.0 21.3 28.7 25.7 20.9 28.5 8.3 7.3 6.2 0 3518
UJUNG PANDANG/HASAN 5.07S 119.55E 14 20.4 21.1 34.1 23.4 33.3 23.9 32.9 24.1 27.1 30.5 26.7 30.2 26.2 21.6 28.6 25.9 21.3 28.4 7.3 6.1 5.3 0 3221

Heating DB
Iran, Islamic Republic of 17 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
ABADAN 30.37N 48.25E 6 4.0 5.5 47.8 22.4 46.8 22.3 45.8 22.0 28.8 35.3 27.5 35.3 27.2 23.0 32.6 25.5 20.7 32.5 10.4 9.2 8.1 413 3304
AHWAZ 31.33N 48.67E 22 4.8 6.0 47.8 22.8 46.8 22.6 45.8 22.3 28.2 35.7 26.7 37.2 26.4 21.9 33.0 24.0 19.0 32.8 9.0 7.5 6.4 429 3323
ANZALI 37.47N 49.47E -26 1.4 2.7 30.6 25.3 29.9 25.1 29.2 24.8 26.8 29.4 26.2 29.0 26.0 21.2 29.0 25.3 20.4 28.5 11.3 9.3 7.3 1506 857
ARAK 34.10N 49.77E 1708 -16.6 -12.4 36.3 16.2 35.2 15.9 34.0 15.5 18.8 32.2 17.6 31.6 13.9 12.2 26.3 12.1 10.8 24.8 8.5 7.6 6.5 2424 879
BANDARABBASS 27.22N 56.37E 10 9.1 10.8 41.8 23.8 40.0 25.2 38.9 25.8 31.1 35.2 30.7 34.8 30.2 27.5 33.8 29.8 26.9 33.6 8.5 7.5 6.8 73 3246
ESFAHAN 32.47N 51.67E 1550 -7.9 -5.9 39.1 17.4 38.1 16.9 36.9 16.7 19.0 36.3 18.1 35.6 12.1 10.6 28.0 10.8 9.7 26.4 10.1 8.4 7.1 1968 1081
HAMEDAN 34.85N 48.53E 1749 -18.4 -14.3 35.6 17.1 34.5 16.5 33.2 16.0 19.1 32.7 18.0 31.5 14.0 12.3 26.2 12.5 11.2 26.0 10.3 8.6 7.3 2789 555
KASHAN 33.98N 51.45E 982 -5.8 -2.8 41.7 19.8 40.5 19.3 39.3 19.0 21.9 38.1 20.9 37.5 16.1 12.9 32.4 14.4 11.5 31.4 7.2 5.5 4.4 1460 1832
KERMAN 30.25N 56.97E 1754 -7.1 -5.1 38.0 16.2 37.0 15.7 36.0 15.5 17.7 34.5 16.9 34.2 10.9 10.1 22.6 9.6 9.2 22.6 11.0 9.3 7.8 1604 1028
SHAHID ASHRAFI ESFAH 34.35N 47.16E 1306 -8.1 -5.8 39.7 18.3 38.6 17.7 37.3 17.1 20.2 37.2 19.1 36.2 13.2 11.1 27.2 11.9 10.2 26.2 9.8 8.3 7.2 2054 1014
MASHHAD 36.27N 59.63E 999 -9.1 -6.1 37.1 18.4 36.0 18.1 34.8 17.7 21.7 33.3 20.5 32.7 17.6 14.3 29.5 16.0 12.8 27.6 8.9 7.6 6.6 2044 1022
ORUMIEH 37.53N 45.08E 1316 -11.6 -9.1 33.0 17.8 31.8 17.7 30.6 17.3 19.7 29.4 19.1 28.9 16.4 13.7 25.0 15.3 12.7 24.6 9.1 7.1 5.6 2873 452
SHIRAZ 29.53N 52.53E 1481 -2.2 -0.9 39.2 18.3 38.2 17.9 37.2 17.4 20.4 35.2 19.5 34.7 15.2 12.9 30.2 13.8 11.8 29.1 9.4 7.9 6.6 1353 1443
TABRIZ 38.08N 46.28E 1361 -11.2 -9.0 35.7 16.7 34.1 16.3 33.0 16.1 18.4 31.2 17.7 30.3 14.1 11.8 23.1 13.1 11.1 23.2 10.5 9.3 8.0 2638 814
TEHRAN-MEHRABAD 35.68N 51.32E 1191 -3.6 -1.9 38.7 18.6 37.2 18.3 36.2 18.0 22.2 32.7 20.7 33.2 18.2 15.2 30.5 16.1 13.3 28.6 11.1 9.6 7.8 1573 1546
ZAHEDAN 29.48N 60.91E 1378 -4.9 -3.0 39.1 16.5 38.1 16.2 37.0 15.5 18.7 33.9 17.5 35.0 12.8 10.9 25.1 10.6 9.4 20.9 11.8 10.0 8.5 1165 1462
ZANJAN 36.68N 48.48E 1663 -14.1 -11.3 34.0 15.8 32.7 15.9 31.4 15.4 18.4 30.1 17.5 29.0 14.0 12.3 24.0 13.2 11.6 22.9 10.2 8.4 7.1 2953 432
Ireland 2 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
CASEMENT AERODROME 53.30N 6.43W 93 -3.3 -1.7 22.7 17.3 21.2 16.6 19.9 16.0 18.2 21.3 17.4 20.1 17.0 12.3 19.6 16.2 11.6 18.8 15.0 13.2 11.7 3156 8
DUBLIN AIRPORT 53.43N 6.25W 85 -2.7 -1.1 22.0 17.1 20.5 16.3 19.4 15.7 17.9 20.7 17.1 19.6 16.7 12.0 19.3 15.9 11.4 18.4 13.4 12.0 10.6 3158 5
Israel 2 sites, 4 more on CD-ROM
BEN-GURION INT. AIR 32.00N 34.90E 49 5.2 6.8 35.1 20.7 33.2 22.1 32.1 22.7 25.9 30.8 25.2 30.2 24.2 19.3 29.2 23.8 18.7 28.8 10.0 8.8 7.9 573 1369
SDE-DOV (TEL-AVIV) 32.10N 34.78E 4 7.3 8.6 31.2 23.6 30.3 24.3 29.8 24.2 26.8 29.4 26.1 29.0 26.1 21.5 29.0 25.1 20.3 28.5 11.9 9.7 8.2 509 1294
Italy 16 sites, 68 more on CD-ROM
BARI/PALESE MACCHIE 41.13N 16.75E 49 0.8 1.9 33.9 22.7 32.0 22.4 30.6 22.0 25.2 29.7 24.2 28.9 24.0 19.0 27.7 22.9 17.7 26.9 9.4 8.2 7.2 1536 657
BOLOGNA/BORGO PANIG 44.53N 11.30E 49 -4.2 -3.0 34.1 22.7 32.9 22.6 31.4 22.0 24.7 31.0 23.8 30.1 22.9 17.7 28.2 21.9 16.7 27.3 7.2 6.1 5.3 2169 669
CATANIA/FONTANAROSS 37.47N 15.05E 17 1.8 3.0 35.0 23.3 33.0 23.4 31.8 23.1 26.3 30.0 25.6 29.5 25.2 20.4 28.1 24.2 19.2 27.5 10.1 8.5 7.4 1081 861
SIGONELLA 37.40N 14.92E 31 1.1 2.2 37.2 22.2 35.8 22.1 33.9 22.1 24.8 31.5 24.1 31.0 23.1 17.9 27.5 22.1 16.8 27.3 9.4 8.2 7.3 1094 989
FIRENZE/PERETOLA 43.80N 11.20E 38 -3.1 -1.2 35.1 22.2 33.8 22.0 32.1 21.4 24.3 31.4 23.5 30.3 22.2 17.0 27.0 21.2 15.9 26.6 8.4 7.1 6.1 1680 730
GENOVA/SESTRI 44.42N 8.85E 3 1.1 2.8 29.9 23.2 28.9 23.5 28.0 23.3 26.0 27.8 25.2 27.3 25.2 20.4 27.2 24.2 19.2 26.7 11.5 10.3 9.3 1378 644
GRAZZANISE 41.05N 14.07E 10 -0.9 0.2 32.2 23.1 31.1 23.1 30.1 23.1 26.5 29.5 25.5 28.9 25.7 21.0 28.8 24.2 19.1 27.7 9.9 8.3 7.0 1564 608
MILANO/LINATE 45.45N 9.27E 104 -4.9 -3.2 33.1 24.0 31.8 23.2 30.5 22.4 25.1 31.0 24.2 29.7 23.3 18.4 28.1 22.4 17.4 27.2 7.1 5.5 4.4 2196 614
NAPLES 40.90N 14.30E 93 2.0 3.2 33.5 23.6 32.1 23.2 31.0 22.9 25.9 30.9 24.9 30.2 24.2 19.3 29.3 23.1 18.1 28.4 8.2 6.8 5.7 1218 862
NAPOLI/CAPODICHINO 40.85N 14.30E 72 0.8 2.0 33.1 23.3 31.9 23.2 30.8 23.2 26.2 30.0 25.3 29.3 25.1 20.4 28.6 24.1 19.1 27.8 9.1 7.5 6.4 1319 768
PALERMO/PUNTA RAISI 38.18N 13.10E 21 6.6 7.7 33.8 22.1 31.5 22.9 30.0 23.8 26.7 29.2 26.0 28.7 26.0 21.4 28.6 25.1 20.2 28.0 13.3 11.6 10.1 797 991
PRATICA DI MARE 41.65N 12.45E 21 0.8 2.0 30.9 23.4 29.9 23.5 28.9 23.8 26.2 28.6 25.5 28.1 25.3 20.5 28.2 24.6 19.7 27.7 10.2 8.7 7.5 1374 597
ROMA FIUMICINO 41.80N 12.23E 3 -0.3 0.8 31.1 22.2 30.0 22.6 29.1 22.6 25.7 28.4 24.9 27.8 24.9 19.9 27.5 24.0 18.8 26.9 11.3 9.6 8.3 1513 556
ROMA/CIAMPINO 41.78N 12.58E 105 -1.1 0.0 33.8 21.8 32.2 21.6 31.0 21.2 24.7 28.5 23.9 28.0 23.9 19.0 26.6 22.9 17.8 26.0 11.2 9.2 7.7 1614 661
TORINO/BRIC DELLA C 45.03N 7.73E 710 -4.8 -3.2 28.1 20.4 27.0 19.9 25.8 19.4 22.7 25.7 21.8 24.8 21.8 18.0 24.2 20.8 16.9 23.8 8.8 7.0 5.5 2624 279
TORINO/CASELLE 45.22N 7.65E 287 -5.9 -4.2 30.9 22.3 29.5 21.7 28.2 21.0 23.8 28.4 22.9 27.5 22.3 17.5 25.8 21.5 16.7 25.3 6.4 4.8 4.0 2491 386
Jamaica 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
KINGSTON/NORMAN MAN 17.93N 76.78W 3 22.0 22.8 33.5 25.9 33.1 26.0 32.6 25.8 28.1 30.4 27.7 30.4 27.7 23.6 29.4 27.0 22.8 29.2 14.1 12.8 11.4 0 3580
Japan 65 sites, 127 more on CD-ROM
AKITA 39.72N 140.10E 7 -5.0 -4.0 31.5 24.2 29.9 23.6 28.4 23.0 25.1 29.4 24.5 28.4 24.0 18.9 27.4 23.3 18.1 26.8 12.3 10.7 9.3 2811 489
ASAHIKAWA 43.77N 142.37E 116 -17.6 -15.2 29.6 22.5 27.9 21.2 26.5 20.4 23.7 28.1 22.7 26.5 22.2 17.2 26.4 21.3 16.2 25.3 8.2 6.7 5.6 4291 228
ASHIYA AB 33.88N 130.65E 33 -0.9 0.2 32.2 25.7 31.2 25.8 30.2 25.4 26.7 30.1 26.2 29.6 25.9 21.3 28.9 25.2 20.4 28.2 10.4 9.2 8.1 1704 822
ATSUGI NAS 35.45N 139.45E 65 -1.0 0.0 33.0 25.4 31.9 25.0 30.8 24.7 26.2 30.4 25.8 29.8 25.1 20.4 28.1 24.8 20.0 28.0 10.5 9.2 8.2 1674 858
CHIBA 35.60N 140.10E 19 0.5 1.3 32.4 25.6 31.4 25.4 30.4 25.0 26.5 30.6 26.1 30.0 25.4 20.6 29.0 24.9 20.1 28.6 12.2 10.4 8.9 1616 871
FUKUOKA 33.58N 130.38E 15 1.0 2.0 33.6 25.5 32.6 25.3 31.6 25.0 26.5 31.5 26.0 30.9 25.0 20.1 29.4 24.5 19.5 29.0 8.2 7.2 6.4 1431 1049
FUKUOKA AIRPORT 33.58N 130.45E 12 -0.1 1.0 33.9 25.6 32.9 25.4 31.9 25.0 26.6 31.1 26.2 30.7 25.2 20.3 28.9 25.0 20.1 28.7 9.3 8.2 7.4 1532 1033
FUKUYAMA 34.45N 133.25E 3 -2.5 -1.5 34.0 25.3 33.0 25.3 32.0 25.0 26.2 32.1 25.7 31.5 24.5 19.5 29.2 24.1 19.0 28.9 6.0 5.2 4.4 1828 959
FUSHIKI 36.80N 137.05E 13 -2.2 -1.4 33.4 24.8 31.8 24.7 30.3 24.3 26.1 30.7 25.4 29.9 24.8 19.9 28.7 24.1 19.1 28.0 7.5 6.4 5.5 2170 722
FUTENMA MCAF 26.27N 127.75E 78 10.9 11.8 32.2 26.6 31.9 26.5 31.1 26.3 28.0 30.5 27.4 29.9 27.2 23.2 29.6 26.7 22.5 29.2 11.1 9.5 8.4 193 1851
GIFU 35.40N 136.77E 17 -1.3 -0.4 35.1 25.2 33.9 24.8 32.5 24.4 26.2 32.1 25.7 31.2 24.8 19.9 28.2 24.3 19.3 28.1 8.0 7.0 6.2 1736 1037
GIFU AB 35.38N 136.87E 42 -3.1 -2.1 34.2 25.4 33.1 25.0 31.9 24.5 26.5 31.1 26.0 30.5 25.2 20.5 27.9 24.9 20.1 27.8 8.1 7.1 6.1 1958 905
HAMAMATSU 34.72N 137.72E 33 0.3 1.1 32.6 25.2 31.4 25.1 30.4 24.9 26.7 30.1 26.2 29.3 25.8 21.2 28.4 25.4 20.6 28.1 8.8 8.0 7.2 1503 935
127
128


Heating DB
HAMAMATSU AB 34.75N 137.70E 48 -0.9 0.1 32.9 25.4 31.2 25.2 30.1 24.8 26.5 30.1 26.1 29.3 25.8 21.3 28.3 25.1 20.3 27.8 9.6 8.7 7.9 1603 867
HIMEJI 34.83N 134.67E 40 -2.1 -1.2 33.4 25.5 32.5 25.3 31.5 24.9 26.4 31.4 25.9 30.6 25.1 20.3 28.9 24.6 19.7 28.5 8.4 7.2 6.2 1859 923
HIROSHIMA 34.40N 132.47E 53 -0.7 0.2 33.6 25.3 32.7 25.1 31.7 24.7 26.2 31.3 25.8 30.6 24.9 20.1 28.7 24.5 19.6 28.5 9.3 8.1 7.3 1651 1006
IIZUKA 33.65N 130.70E 38 -1.6 -0.6 33.6 25.6 32.6 25.5 31.5 25.1 26.6 31.6 26.1 30.8 25.2 20.4 28.8 24.8 19.9 28.4 7.2 6.2 5.4 1713 949
IRUMA AB 35.83N 139.42E 93 -3.7 -2.2 34.0 25.6 32.4 25.0 31.0 24.6 26.4 31.5 25.8 30.6 25.1 20.4 28.5 24.2 19.4 27.8 9.9 8.4 7.3 2044 734
KADENA AB 26.35N 127.77E 48 9.8 10.9 33.2 26.9 32.8 26.9 32.0 26.7 28.2 30.9 27.9 30.6 27.8 23.9 30.0 27.1 23.0 29.7 11.6 9.9 8.7 202 1908
KAGOSHIMA 31.55N 130.55E 32 1.3 2.4 33.3 25.6 32.5 25.4 31.7 25.3 26.7 31.0 26.3 30.5 25.5 20.8 29.0 25.1 20.3 28.9 8.8 7.5 6.6 1097 1266
KANAZAWA 36.58N 136.63E 33 -1.3 -0.5 33.1 24.8 32.0 24.6 30.8 24.3 25.8 30.6 25.3 30.2 24.4 19.5 28.6 23.8 18.7 28.2 11.8 10.0 8.6 2017 789
KANSAI INTERNATIONA 34.43N 135.25E 8 1.8 2.8 33.0 25.6 32.0 25.4 31.1 25.4 26.7 30.3 26.4 29.9 26.0 21.3 29.0 25.2 20.3 28.5 12.5 10.8 9.5 1497 1080
KOBE 34.70N 135.22E 30 -0.1 1.0 33.0 25.0 31.9 24.9 30.9 24.6 26.4 30.4 26.0 29.8 25.3 20.5 28.6 24.8 19.9 28.4 9.5 8.2 7.2 1591 1041
KOCHI 33.57N 133.55E 5 -0.8 0.3 32.8 25.1 31.9 25.0 31.0 24.8 26.5 30.2 26.1 29.8 25.6 20.8 28.5 25.1 20.2 28.2 5.5 4.7 4.0 1386 1031
KOMATSU AB 36.40N 136.40E 9 -2.0 -1.1 33.1 24.7 31.9 24.7 30.2 24.2 26.0 30.6 25.4 29.9 24.8 19.9 28.5 24.1 19.0 27.9 11.2 9.6 8.4 2118 713
KUMAGAYA 36.15N 139.38E 31 -2.0 -1.1 35.3 25.5 33.9 25.1 32.4 24.4 26.4 32.5 25.9 31.6 25.0 20.1 28.2 24.4 19.5 28.2 8.0 6.8 5.8 1844 883
KUMAMOTO 32.82N 130.70E 39 -1.6 -0.4 34.4 25.3 33.4 25.1 32.4 24.8 26.5 31.4 26.1 30.8 25.3 20.6 28.5 24.9 20.1 28.3 7.2 6.1 5.2 1498 1132
KURE 34.23N 132.55E 5 0.1 1.1 32.5 25.2 31.6 25.0 30.7 24.6 25.9 30.6 25.5 30.1 24.5 19.5 28.5 24.1 19.0 28.3 7.1 6.1 5.3 1583 989
KYOTO 35.02N 135.73E 46 -0.8 0.1 34.8 24.6 33.7 24.4 32.4 24.0 25.7 32.1 25.2 31.4 24.0 18.9 28.5 23.5 18.4 28.3 5.3 4.6 4.1 1741 1038
MATSUYAMA 33.85N 132.78E 34 0.0 1.0 33.2 24.7 32.4 24.5 31.5 24.3 25.6 31.0 25.2 30.4 24.2 19.2 27.8 23.7 18.6 27.8 5.9 5.2 4.5 1572 994
MIYAZAKI 31.93N 131.42E 15 -0.1 1.1 33.7 25.7 32.5 25.6 31.4 25.4 26.8 30.9 26.4 30.4 25.8 21.1 28.9 25.4 20.6 28.6 9.2 7.8 6.7 1240 1085
NAGANO 36.67N 138.20E 419 -6.6 -5.3 32.8 23.5 31.4 23.1 29.9 22.5 24.3 30.5 23.7 29.5 22.6 18.2 27.2 22.0 17.6 26.8 7.9 7.0 6.2 2711 633
NAGASAKI 32.73N 129.87E 35 0.9 2.0 32.6 25.4 31.7 25.3 30.7 25.1 26.7 30.1 26.2 29.6 25.8 21.1 28.7 25.3 20.5 28.4 7.7 6.5 5.6 1351 1048
NAGOYA 35.17N 136.97E 56 -1.2 -0.3 34.5 24.7 33.2 24.5 32.0 24.1 25.8 31.3 25.4 30.6 24.6 19.7 27.7 24.1 19.1 27.5 8.6 7.5 6.6 1726 1002
NAGOYA AIRPORT 35.25N 136.92E 16 -2.1 -1.1 35.0 24.9 33.8 24.7 32.1 24.2 26.2 31.1 25.7 30.6 25.1 20.2 28.0 24.2 19.2 27.7 9.8 8.5 7.3 1803 1002
NAHA 26.20N 127.68E 53 11.8 12.7 32.2 26.3 31.7 26.2 31.2 26.1 27.2 30.3 27.0 30.1 26.3 22.0 29.2 26.1 21.6 29.0 12.7 10.9 9.6 148 1957
NAHA AIRPORT 26.20N 127.65E 6 12.2 13.0 32.2 26.4 32.0 26.4 31.2 26.5 27.7 30.2 27.3 29.9 27.0 22.8 29.9 26.2 21.7 29.3 13.2 11.6 10.3 119 2034
NARA 34.70N 135.83E 106 -2.1 -1.3 34.1 24.8 33.0 24.7 31.8 24.3 25.9 31.8 25.4 31.0 24.3 19.5 28.2 23.8 18.9 27.8 4.5 3.9 3.4 1928 874
NIIGATA 37.92N 139.05E 6 -1.7 -0.8 32.8 25.0 31.5 24.6 30.1 24.2 25.9 30.8 25.2 30.0 24.4 19.4 28.9 23.8 18.7 28.4 10.3 9.0 7.8 2223 711
NYUTABARU AB 32.08N 131.45E 82 -1.1 0.1 32.8 25.5 31.2 25.7 30.1 25.5 26.8 29.9 26.3 29.3 26.1 21.7 28.6 25.8 21.3 28.3 9.9 8.2 6.9 1365 935
OITA 33.23N 131.62E 13 -0.3 0.7 33.3 25.3 32.3 25.1 31.2 24.8 26.2 30.9 25.8 30.3 25.1 20.2 28.5 24.5 19.6 28.1 7.1 6.2 5.4 1545 943
OKAYAMA 34.67N 133.92E 18 -1.0 -0.1 34.5 25.2 33.5 25.0 32.5 24.7 26.1 32.0 25.7 31.2 24.7 19.7 28.4 24.2 19.2 28.4 9.8 8.3 7.0 1709 1067
ONAHAMA 36.95N 140.90E 5 -2.3 -1.3 29.0 24.1 27.8 23.8 26.9 23.3 25.1 27.6 24.6 26.9 24.3 19.2 26.6 23.8 18.6 26.1 8.2 7.1 6.2 2156 478
OSAKA 34.68N 135.52E 83 0.8 1.6 34.2 24.7 33.3 24.6 32.3 24.4 26.0 31.6 25.6 31.0 24.5 19.7 28.9 24.1 19.1 28.6 8.9 7.6 6.6 1537 1134
OSAKA INTERNATIONAL 34.78N 135.43E 15 -1.2 -0.2 34.2 25.3 33.2 25.0 32.2 24.7 26.5 31.8 26.0 31.1 25.1 20.2 28.7 24.8 19.8 28.6 8.4 7.4 6.5 1749 1041
OTARU 43.18N 141.02E 26 -9.6 -8.3 28.1 22.2 26.5 21.2 25.0 20.5 23.1 26.9 22.2 25.4 21.8 16.5 25.4 21.0 15.7 24.8 8.1 7.0 6.1 3686 210
OZUKI AB 34.05N 131.05E 7 -0.2 0.8 32.2 25.8 31.2 25.8 30.2 25.4 26.8 30.3 26.4 29.9 25.9 21.3 29.6 25.2 20.3 28.7 11.1 9.4 8.2 1697 864
SAPPORO 43.07N 141.33E 26 -10.2 -8.9 29.1 22.5 27.5 21.5 26.1 20.5 23.6 27.8 22.6 26.4 22.1 16.9 26.2 21.3 16.0 25.4 9.5 8.2 7.1 3609 273
SENDAI 38.27N 140.90E 43 -3.7 -2.6 31.1 24.3 29.5 23.7 28.0 23.0 25.2 29.0 24.6 28.0 24.1 19.1 27.1 23.5 18.4 26.6 10.2 8.7 7.5 2508 467
SHIMOFUSA AB 35.80N 140.02E 33 -2.1 -1.0 33.2 25.6 32.1 25.2 30.9 25.0 26.6 31.1 26.1 30.2 25.2 20.4 28.7 25.0 20.1 28.4 10.3 8.6 7.4 1828 800
SHIMONOSEKI 33.95N 130.93E 19 1.6 2.7 32.0 25.5 31.1 25.3 30.2 25.0 26.3 30.2 25.9 29.8 25.2 20.4 28.9 24.7 19.8 28.5 10.1 8.7 7.5 1433 963
SHIZUHAMA AB 34.82N 138.30E 10 -0.2 0.8 32.2 25.7 31.1 25.7 30.1 25.3 27.0 30.2 26.5 29.6 26.1 21.6 28.7 25.8 21.2 28.5 10.7 9.6 8.7 1482 881
SHIZUOKA 34.98N 138.40E 15 -0.2 1.0 32.9 25.2 31.6 25.1 30.6 24.8 26.5 30.6 26.0 29.8 25.4 20.6 28.6 24.9 20.0 28.4 6.3 5.5 5.0 1438 923
SUMOTO 34.33N 134.90E 112 0.1 1.0 31.8 25.4 30.8 25.2 29.8 24.9 26.4 30.0 25.9 29.3 25.4 20.9 28.5 24.9 20.2 28.0 7.0 6.0 5.2 1716 868
TADOTSU 34.28N 133.75E 5 0.1 1.1 33.7 24.9 32.7 24.7 31.7 24.5 25.9 31.4 25.5 30.8 24.4 19.3 28.7 23.9 18.8 28.6 7.4 6.3 5.5 1621 1031
TAKAMATSU 34.32N 134.05E 10 -0.5 0.5 34.2 25.1 33.1 25.0 32.0 24.9 26.3 31.4 25.9 30.9 25.0 20.1 28.6 24.5 19.5 28.5 8.0 6.9 5.9 1661 1023
TOKYO 35.68N 139.77E 36 0.9 1.7 33.3 25.0 32.2 24.7 31.1 24.3 26.0 31.0 25.5 30.4 24.5 19.6 28.7 24.0 19.0 28.7 8.5 7.4 6.5 1569 928
TOKYO INTERNATIONAL 35.55N 139.78E 9 0.8 1.8 32.9 25.8 31.8 25.3 30.2 24.9 26.6 30.6 26.1 29.8 25.2 20.4 28.8 25.0 20.1 28.6 12.5 11.1 9.9 1595 868
TOYAMA 36.72N 137.20E 17 -2.4 -1.5 33.6 25.4 32.2 25.0 30.8 24.6 26.5 31.1 25.8 30.2 25.2 20.4 29.1 24.6 19.6 28.4 9.2 7.8 6.6 2142 750
TSUIKI AB 33.68N 131.05E 20 -2.1 -1.0 32.2 25.9 31.2 25.9 30.1 25.5 27.1 30.2 26.5 29.7 26.2 21.6 29.1 25.8 21.1 28.8 10.1 8.8 7.8 1858 807
UTSUNOMIYA 36.55N 139.87E 140 -4.1 -3.0 33.3 25.4 31.9 24.8 30.4 24.2 26.1 31.5 25.5 30.4 24.6 20.0 28.6 24.1 19.3 28.1 9.2 7.7 6.5 2144 709
WAKAYAMA 34.23N 135.17E 18 0.5 1.5 33.2 24.6 32.2 24.7 31.2 24.6 26.2 30.7 25.8 30.2 25.0 20.1 29.2 24.5 19.5 28.8 10.8 9.1 7.9 1545 1043
YOKOHAMA 35.43N 139.65E 42 0.6 1.4 32.3 25.3 31.3 24.9 30.2 24.5 26.1 30.5 25.6 29.7 25.0 20.2 28.5 24.4 19.5 28.1 9.4 8.3 7.2 1607 846
YOKOSUKA FWF 35.28N 139.67E 53 1.8 2.8 33.9 25.8 32.0 25.1 30.3 24.6 26.6 31.3 25.8 30.0 25.2 20.4 28.9 24.8 19.9 28.6 13.7 12.0 10.4 1430 914
YOKOTA AB 35.75N 139.35E 142 -3.8 -2.2 34.0 25.8 32.2 25.0 31.0 24.5 26.6 31.6 25.9 30.6 25.1 20.6 28.8 24.8 20.1 28.5 9.3 8.0 6.8 1994 733
Jordan 3 sites, 5 more on CD-ROM
AMMAN AIRPORT 31.98N 35.98E 779 1.0 2.3 35.9 18.8 34.2 18.4 33.1 18.2 22.3 30.3 21.4 29.4 20.1 16.2 25.4 19.0 15.2 24.5 10.1 8.7 7.6 1235 1114
IRBED 32.55N 35.85E 616 1.8 3.4 34.5 19.3 33.0 19.2 31.8 19.0 23.1 28.8 22.2 27.7 21.6 17.6 25.2 20.8 16.7 24.1 8.8 7.7 6.8 1133 1063
QUEEN ALIA AIRPORT 31.72N 35.98E 722 -0.8 0.5 37.0 19.9 35.2 19.2 34.1 19.1 22.9 32.3 21.9 31.6 20.1 16.1 26.7 19.0 15.0 26.3 12.0 10.1 9.0 1388 803

Heating DB
Kazakhstan 6 sites, 71 more on CD-ROM
ALMATY 43.23N 76.93E 851 -19.8 -16.8 34.0 18.6 32.2 18.1 30.9 17.8 20.6 29.9 19.6 29.0 17.6 14.0 24.6 16.3 12.8 23.5 6.2 5.0 4.1 3585 456
ASTANA 51.13N 71.37E 350 -31.2 -29.0 32.2 17.8 30.2 17.3 28.3 16.8 19.6 27.4 18.8 26.5 17.2 12.9 21.6 16.2 12.1 21.1 11.8 10.1 8.8 5722 199
KARAGANDA 49.80N 73.15E 553 -30.8 -27.7 32.1 16.7 30.1 16.3 28.2 15.6 18.5 27.1 17.7 26.0 16.0 12.2 20.5 15.0 11.4 19.9 11.9 10.0 8.5 5564 181
PAVLODAR 52.30N 76.93E 122 -33.3 -30.5 32.9 18.6 30.8 18.3 29.0 17.7 20.7 28.1 19.8 27.2 18.4 13.5 23.3 17.3 12.6 22.7 9.7 8.4 7.4 5698 248
SHYMKENT 42.32N 69.70E 604 -16.0 -12.2 37.2 19.2 36.0 18.9 34.8 18.5 21.1 33.5 20.2 32.3 17.0 13.1 26.0 16.0 12.2 25.2 8.1 6.8 5.9 2537 831
TARAZ 42.85N 71.38E 655 -18.8 -15.7 35.5 18.4 33.9 17.9 32.5 17.6 19.7 31.1 19.0 30.7 16.2 12.5 22.7 15.2 11.7 22.4 10.5 8.1 5.9 3168 594
Kenya 2 sites, 14 more on CD-ROM
MOMBASA 4.03S 39.62E 55 20.0 20.8 33.1 25.2 32.5 25.1 32.0 25.0 26.5 30.1 26.2 29.8 25.4 20.8 27.9 25.2 20.4 27.7 9.3 8.4 7.7 0 2982
JOMO KENYATTA INTL 1.32S 36.92E 1624 9.9 11.0 29.0 15.7 28.1 15.8 27.3 16.0 18.7 23.2 18.4 22.9 17.7 15.5 19.5 17.2 15.0 19.1 9.4 8.4 7.6 98 552
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 7 sites, 20 more on CD-ROM
CHONGJIN 41.78N 129.82E 43 -12.8 -11.0 27.5 22.4 26.1 21.9 25.0 21.4 24.0 26.1 23.1 25.0 23.2 18.1 25.3 22.4 17.2 24.6 7.4 5.8 4.5 3771 221
HAMHEUNG 39.93N 127.55E 22 -12.9 -11.0 31.2 23.5 29.7 23.1 28.2 22.3 25.5 29.4 24.6 27.9 24.3 19.2 27.5 23.6 18.5 26.6 8.0 6.6 5.4 3186 406
KAESONG 37.97N 126.57E 70 -12.6 -10.7 30.8 25.1 29.4 24.0 28.2 23.4 26.3 29.0 25.6 27.9 25.5 20.9 27.8 24.9 20.1 27.1 8.8 7.4 6.1 3056 545
NAMPO 38.72N 125.38E 47 -12.6 -10.7 30.1 25.1 28.9 24.4 27.8 23.7 26.2 28.9 25.5 27.8 25.5 20.8 28.0 24.9 20.0 27.1 9.8 8.2 6.9 3156 560
PYONGYANG 39.03N 125.78E 36 -14.9 -12.6 31.2 24.1 30.0 23.6 28.8 23.1 25.8 29.3 25.2 28.2 24.8 20.0 27.7 24.2 19.3 27.1 6.8 5.7 4.8 3245 591
SINUIJU 40.10N 124.38E 7 -15.5 -13.4 30.8 24.1 29.3 23.2 28.1 22.8 25.8 28.8 24.9 27.4 24.9 20.0 27.4 24.2 19.1 26.5 7.8 6.5 5.6 3472 514
WONSAN 39.18N 127.43E 36 -10.2 -8.3 31.4 23.4 29.8 22.8 28.3 22.4 25.4 29.0 24.6 27.9 24.4 19.4 27.4 23.6 18.5 26.6 7.8 6.4 5.4 2912 441
Korea, Republic of 27 sites, 26 more on CD-ROM
BUSAN 35.10N 129.03E 70 -5.0 -3.3 31.1 25.6 30.0 25.2 28.9 24.7 26.5 29.5 25.9 28.9 25.7 21.1 28.3 25.1 20.3 28.0 10.1 8.6 7.5 1858 688
CHEONGJU 36.63N 127.45E 59 -10.7 -8.8 32.6 24.6 31.3 23.8 30.1 23.1 26.0 30.0 25.3 29.2 24.9 20.1 27.9 24.2 19.2 27.5 6.5 5.4 4.7 2682 718
CHEONGJU INTL AIRPO 36.72N 127.50E 60 -12.7 -10.2 33.1 26.1 32.0 25.3 30.8 24.6 27.2 31.3 26.4 30.2 26.1 21.6 29.5 25.2 20.5 28.4 7.1 5.9 5.1 2805 718
DAEGU 35.88N 128.62E 59 -6.9 -5.2 34.0 24.3 32.6 23.8 31.3 23.2 25.7 30.8 25.2 30.1 24.4 19.5 28.0 23.8 18.8 27.7 8.0 6.9 6.1 2197 821
DAEGU AB 35.90N 128.67E 35 -8.0 -6.2 34.8 25.5 33.1 24.9 31.9 24.1 26.7 31.8 26.1 30.8 25.2 20.4 28.7 24.9 20.1 28.6 8.8 7.6 6.5 2316 802
DAEJEON 36.37N 127.37E 72 -10.3 -8.5 32.4 24.8 31.1 24.2 29.9 23.3 26.2 30.1 25.5 29.2 25.1 20.4 28.2 24.3 19.4 27.5 7.1 5.8 4.9 2684 669
GIMHAE INTL AIRPORT 35.17N 128.93E 4 -6.1 -4.9 32.8 25.9 31.2 25.5 30.1 24.8 26.8 30.7 26.2 30.0 25.9 21.2 29.5 25.1 20.2 28.6 8.9 7.8 6.9 2107 758
GIMPO INTL AIRPORT 37.57N 126.78E 17 -13.1 -11.1 32.0 25.1 30.9 24.6 29.8 23.6 26.7 29.6 26.1 28.7 26.1 21.5 27.9 25.2 20.3 27.2 8.2 7.1 6.2 3004 630
GWANGJU 35.17N 126.90E 74 -6.3 -4.8 32.4 24.9 31.2 24.4 30.1 23.8 26.1 30.1 25.6 29.4 25.0 20.3 28.0 24.5 19.7 27.7 7.5 6.4 5.5 2264 781
GWANGJU AB 35.12N 126.82E 13 -7.1 -5.8 34.1 26.3 32.9 25.6 31.2 24.8 27.1 31.6 26.5 30.9 26.1 21.5 29.1 25.2 20.3 28.4 7.6 6.5 5.7 2386 838
INCHEON 37.47N 126.63E 70 -10.1 -8.2 30.9 24.6 29.6 23.8 28.5 23.1 25.7 29.0 25.1 28.0 24.8 20.0 27.5 24.2 19.3 26.9 9.2 7.7 6.5 2707 615
JEJU 33.52N 126.53E 23 0.5 1.4 31.8 25.1 30.8 25.1 29.8 24.9 26.7 29.8 26.0 29.3 25.7 21.0 28.9 25.1 20.2 28.5 10.6 9.1 7.9 1658 789
JEJU INTL AIRPORT 33.52N 126.50E 24 0.0 1.0 31.9 26.5 30.8 26.6 29.8 26.1 28.1 30.1 27.3 29.3 27.8 23.9 29.8 26.9 22.7 29.0 12.3 11.0 9.8 1758 744
JEONJU 35.82N 127.15E 55 -8.3 -6.7 33.1 25.1 31.8 24.4 30.6 23.6 26.3 30.1 25.7 29.5 25.4 20.7 28.2 24.7 19.8 27.7 5.7 5.0 4.3 2441 784
JINJU 35.20N 128.12E 23 -8.2 -6.8 32.8 24.9 31.5 24.5 30.2 23.9 26.4 30.5 25.8 29.6 25.2 20.4 28.4 24.7 19.8 28.0 7.0 5.9 5.1 2378 707
CHANGWON 35.17N 128.57E 37 -4.7 -3.0 32.3 25.5 31.1 25.1 29.9 24.5 26.5 30.4 26.0 29.6 25.5 20.8 28.8 24.9 20.0 28.3 6.6 5.8 5.2 1943 789
OSAN AB 37.10N 127.03E 12 -12.9 -10.9 33.0 26.0 31.8 25.4 30.1 24.3 27.5 30.1 26.6 29.6 27.0 22.7 28.6 26.0 21.4 28.2 8.3 7.1 6.1 2860 701
POHANG 36.03N 129.38E 1 -6.1 -4.4 33.6 24.9 32.1 24.4 30.6 24.0 26.2 30.7 25.6 30.0 25.0 20.1 28.4 24.4 19.4 28.1 7.9 6.6 5.7 2065 721
POHANG AB 35.98N 129.42E 20 -7.1 -5.8 34.0 25.9 32.7 25.4 31.0 24.8 26.8 32.0 26.2 30.9 25.2 20.4 29.2 24.9 20.1 29.0 9.6 8.3 7.4 2237 686
A511/PYEONGTAEK 36.97N 127.03E 16 -12.1 -10.2 33.0 25.7 31.8 24.8 30.2 23.8 26.9 30.6 26.1 29.4 26.1 21.5 28.5 25.2 20.3 27.9 7.8 6.6 5.6 2827 712
SEOGWIPO 33.25N 126.57E 51 0.3 1.5 31.4 26.4 30.5 26.1 29.6 25.7 27.3 30.0 26.8 29.5 26.6 22.3 29.2 26.1 21.6 28.8 8.1 7.0 6.2 1390 872
SEOUL 37.57N 126.97E 86 -11.1 -9.1 32.0 24.4 30.7 23.3 29.5 22.8 25.8 29.8 25.1 28.7 24.8 20.0 27.7 24.0 19.1 27.1 7.0 6.1 5.3 2684 705
SEOUL (KOR-AF HQ) 37.50N 126.93E 49 -11.8 -10.1 33.2 25.2 32.0 24.5 30.8 24.1 26.3 31.0 25.8 30.1 25.1 20.3 28.3 24.7 19.9 28.0 6.3 5.2 4.5 2620 796
SEOUL AB 37.43N 127.12E 20 -14.8 -12.0 33.2 25.3 31.9 24.6 30.2 23.5 26.3 31.1 25.7 30.0 25.1 20.2 28.7 24.2 19.2 27.6 6.2 5.3 4.5 2911 671
SUWON 37.27N 126.98E 35 -11.2 -9.2 32.0 24.9 30.7 24.0 29.5 23.3 26.1 29.5 25.4 28.7 25.1 20.3 27.8 24.5 19.6 27.3 6.3 5.4 4.6 2784 678
ULSAN 35.55N 129.32E 36 -5.7 -4.2 33.0 24.8 31.7 24.5 30.2 24.0 26.1 30.4 25.5 29.6 24.9 20.1 28.2 24.3 19.4 27.9 6.9 6.0 5.3 2080 696
YEOSU 34.73N 127.75E 67 -4.7 -3.2 30.3 24.9 29.3 24.6 28.2 24.2 26.1 28.6 25.6 28.0 25.4 20.7 27.6 24.8 20.0 27.1 12.1 10.5 9.2 2014 673
Kyrgyzstan 1 site, 8 more on CD-ROM
BISHKEK 42.85N 74.53E 760 -18.2 -14.8 35.2 19.8 33.7 18.9 32.2 18.3 21.8 32.5 20.4 30.8 18.1 14.3 27.2 16.8 13.1 25.6 8.1 6.7 5.6 3074 609
Latvia 1 site, 9 more on CD-ROM
RIGA 56.92N 23.97E 10 -18.9 -14.2 28.9 20.3 27.0 19.7 25.1 18.3 21.8 26.8 20.5 25.1 20.0 14.7 24.4 18.9 13.7 23.1 9.1 8.1 7.3 4098 93
Lebanon 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
RAFIC HARIRI INTL 33.82N 35.48E 19 8.1 9.3 32.2 22.8 31.1 24.0 30.3 24.3 26.8 30.1 26.2 29.7 25.9 21.3 29.6 25.1 20.3 29.2 10.5 8.7 7.3 416 1467
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3 sites, 3 more on CD-ROM
BENINA 32.10N 20.27E 132 6.9 7.8 37.2 21.1 35.2 21.0 33.8 20.6 25.2 30.5 24.4 29.4 23.9 19.1 27.2 23.1 18.1 26.8 15.1 13.3 11.4 614 1356
MISURATA 32.42N 15.05E 32 8.4 9.3 36.8 21.9 34.3 21.6 32.3 21.7 26.5 29.6 25.9 29.1 25.6 21.0 28.5 25.0 20.1 28.0 13.2 10.8 9.5 453 1381
TRIPOLI INTERNATION 32.70N 13.08E 63 4.6 5.8 42.0 23.2 39.9 22.8 38.0 22.4 26.9 35.9 25.6 33.4 24.8 20.0 30.4 23.7 18.7 29.3 10.5 9.5 8.5 639 1656
129
130


Heating DB
Lithuania 2 sites, 5 more on CD-ROM
KAUNAS 54.88N 23.83E 770 -19.1 -15.5 28.0 19.5 26.2 18.6 24.5 17.5 20.9 26.1 19.7 24.3 19.2 15.3 23.3 18.1 14.3 22.2 9.6 8.5 7.6 4161 74
VILNIUS 54.63N 25.28E 156 -19.9 -16.2 28.2 19.0 26.3 18.2 24.8 17.4 20.7 25.8 19.6 24.2 19.0 14.1 22.8 18.0 13.1 21.6 10.1 8.8 7.8 4321 80
Macao 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
TAIPA GRANDE 22.15N 113.60E 6 7.4 9.0 33.0 27.2 32.2 27.0 31.4 26.9 28.2 30.9 27.8 30.4 27.3 23.1 29.7 27.1 22.9 29.6 11.1 9.8 8.7 278 2004
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of 1 site, 5 more on CD-ROM
SKOPJE- AIRPORT 41.97N 21.65E 239 -12.1 -8.8 36.0 20.5 34.1 20.2 32.4 19.7 22.0 32.3 21.2 31.1 18.9 14.1 24.8 18.0 13.3 24.1 8.8 7.6 6.2 2601 532
Madagascar 1 site, 3 more on CD-ROM
ANTANANARIVO/IVATO 18.80S 47.48E 1276 7.8 8.9 29.5 19.3 28.7 19.4 27.9 19.3 22.5 26.6 21.7 25.9 21.2 18.5 24.3 20.2 17.5 23.1 7.8 7.0 6.3 319 680
Malaysia 6 sites, 9 more on CD-ROM
KOTA KINABALU 5.93N 116.05E 3 22.8 23.0 33.3 27.6 33.0 27.5 32.6 27.3 28.6 32.6 28.2 32.3 27.2 23.1 32.0 27.0 22.7 31.8 6.7 5.4 4.5 0 3453
KUALA LUMPUR SUBANG 3.12N 101.55E 22 22.5 22.9 34.5 25.9 34.0 25.9 33.5 25.7 27.7 31.7 27.3 31.3 26.8 22.5 30.1 26.2 21.6 29.4 6.3 5.4 4.8 0 3622
KUANTAN 3.78N 103.22E 16 21.4 21.9 34.0 26.5 33.3 26.4 32.9 26.4 27.9 31.9 27.5 31.5 26.9 22.7 30.6 26.3 21.7 29.6 6.3 5.4 4.9 0 3318
KUCHING 1.48N 110.33E 27 21.9 22.3 33.9 25.7 33.2 25.8 32.8 25.8 27.2 31.3 26.8 30.8 26.1 21.6 29.5 25.8 21.2 29.1 5.3 4.5 4.0 0 3241
SANDAKAN 5.90N 118.07E 13 22.9 23.3 33.6 26.3 33.0 26.3 32.4 26.3 27.6 31.3 27.2 31.0 26.4 21.9 29.7 26.2 21.6 29.5 6.9 6.0 5.3 0 3456
TAWAU 4.27N 117.88E 20 22.1 22.6 32.6 26.0 32.1 26.0 31.8 26.0 27.6 30.7 27.2 30.6 26.6 22.2 29.9 26.2 21.6 29.6 5.7 5.1 4.4 0 3224
Mali 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
BAMAKO/SENOU 12.53N 7.95W 381 15.0 16.4 40.2 19.9 39.5 20.0 38.8 20.2 27.1 31.6 26.3 31.1 26.1 22.5 28.7 25.2 21.3 28.0 8.3 7.1 6.3 1 3529
Mauritania 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
NOUAKCHOTT 18.10N 15.95W 3 12.9 14.1 41.2 20.5 39.5 20.5 37.8 20.3 28.4 30.6 27.6 30.2 28.0 24.2 29.2 27.1 22.8 28.9 9.9 8.8 8.0 3 2987
Mexico 18 sites, 16 more on CD-ROM
AEROP. INTERNACIONA 19.43N 99.13W 2235 4.1 5.6 29.0 13.8 27.9 13.7 26.9 13.6 16.6 23.4 16.1 23.0 14.8 13.9 18.2 14.1 13.3 17.4 21.1 9.6 7.9 563 190
AEROP.INTERNACIONAL 20.98N 89.65W 9 13.4 15.3 38.5 24.4 37.2 24.5 36.2 24.5 28.2 31.5 27.6 31.3 27.8 23.8 29.0 27.0 22.7 28.6 10.2 9.0 8.1 2 3247
CANCUN INTL 21.03N 86.87W 6 13.1 14.8 34.1 27.0 33.2 26.8 33.0 26.7 28.3 32.4 27.9 32.0 27.2 22.9 30.9 26.9 22.6 30.8 10.3 9.4 7.9 3 2894
DE GUANAJUATO INTL 20.98N 101.48W 1815 4.0 5.8 34.0 14.8 32.8 14.9 31.8 14.9 19.8 26.6 19.2 25.6 18.2 16.4 19.9 17.9 16.1 19.7 10.5 9.7 8.1 285 765
DON MIGUEL Y HIDALG 20.52N 103.30W 1529 1.8 3.0 33.2 15.9 32.2 15.5 31.2 15.2 20.2 26.8 19.7 26.2 18.2 15.8 22.2 17.9 15.5 22.1 10.1 8.3 6.6 367 713
GENERAL ABELARDO L 32.53N 116.97W 149 5.9 6.9 32.2 20.9 30.2 20.4 28.8 19.9 23.1 29.5 22.2 28.1 21.1 16.0 26.9 20.1 15.1 25.4 8.3 7.0 6.2 697 511
GENERAL FRANCISCO J 22.28N 97.87W 24 10.1 11.9 34.1 26.7 33.2 26.6 33.0 26.6 28.6 32.2 27.8 31.5 27.8 23.9 31.7 26.9 22.7 30.8 14.9 11.9 10.0 79 2579
GENERAL HERIBERTO J 19.13N 96.18W 27 14.9 16.0 35.2 26.8 34.2 26.8 33.2 26.6 28.1 33.2 27.6 32.4 26.9 22.7 30.8 26.2 21.7 29.9 19.8 14.9 11.2 4 2779
GENERAL JUAN N ALVA 16.75N 99.75W 4 19.4 20.8 33.6 26.7 33.1 26.6 32.9 26.4 27.9 32.5 27.5 31.9 26.9 22.5 31.4 26.2 21.6 30.6 8.3 7.3 6.2 0 3288
GENERAL MARIANO ESC 25.77N 100.10W 390 3.2 5.2 38.8 23.5 37.8 23.3 36.8 23.5 26.5 34.5 26.0 33.6 24.8 20.8 29.7 24.1 19.9 29.1 13.3 10.4 9.5 356 2156
GENERAL RAFAEL BUEL 23.15N 106.27W 12 8.8 10.1 34.0 25.5 33.2 25.3 32.9 25.2 27.8 31.8 27.2 31.0 26.9 22.6 30.8 26.1 21.6 29.9 8.8 7.5 6.5 26 2169
LICENCIADO ADOLFO L 19.33N 99.57W 2580 -2.1 -0.9 26.2 12.4 25.1 12.3 24.0 12.1 16.1 21.2 15.3 20.4 14.2 14.0 17.1 14.0 13.7 17.0 8.9 7.6 6.4 1773 3
LICENCIADO BENITO J 19.43N 99.07W 2230 3.0 4.8 29.2 12.7 28.1 12.5 27.0 12.4 16.1 22.6 15.7 22.0 14.2 13.3 17.1 14.0 13.1 17.0 10.7 9.5 8.0 599 197
GENERAL RAFAEL BUEL 23.15N 106.27W 12 8.8 10.1 34.0 25.5 33.2 25.3 32.9 25.2 27.8 31.8 27.2 31.0 26.9 22.6 30.8 26.1 21.6 29.9 8.8 7.5 6.5 26 2169
MONTERREY (CITY) 25.73N 100.30W 515 4.2 6.0 38.2 23.5 37.2 23.6 36.2 23.7 27.2 34.6 26.2 33.6 25.1 21.6 32.3 24.2 20.3 30.8 6.0 4.9 4.1 328 2139
SAN LUIS POTOSI 22.18N 100.98W 1883 0.1 2.0 32.1 15.2 30.8 15.1 29.6 15.1 18.7 25.3 18.2 24.7 17.2 15.5 19.7 16.8 15.1 19.5 9.9 8.4 7.4 688 426
GENERAL FRANCISCO J 22.28N 97.87W 24 10.1 11.9 34.1 26.7 33.2 26.6 33.0 26.6 28.6 32.2 27.8 31.5 27.8 23.9 31.7 26.9 22.7 30.8 14.9 11.9 10.0 79 2579
VERACRUZ/GEN JARA 19.15N 96.18W 29 14.0 15.2 34.2 26.9 33.2 26.7 32.8 26.6 27.8 33.0 27.2 31.9 26.2 21.7 30.2 26.1 21.5 30.0 20.2 15.2 12.8 8 2568
Moldova, Republic of 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
KISINEV 47.02N 28.98E 173 -14.1 -11.5 32.0 19.9 30.3 19.5 28.7 19.0 21.7 28.6 20.7 27.4 19.4 14.4 24.6 18.5 13.7 23.8 6.8 5.7 5.0 3259 369
Mongolia 1 site, 39 more on CD-ROM
ULAANBAATAR 47.92N 106.87E 1306 -35.2 -32.6 31.0 15.9 28.8 15.1 26.5 14.4 17.7 25.8 16.8 24.4 15.2 12.7 19.9 14.2 11.8 19.4 10.3 9.0 7.6 6967 101
Morocco 11 sites, 9 more on CD-ROM
AGADIR INEZGANNE 30.38N 9.57W 23 5.0 6.5 35.2 19.4 31.8 18.8 29.0 18.4 22.5 28.7 21.8 26.6 21.0 15.7 24.1 20.2 15.0 23.2 10.5 8.7 7.2 522 649
AGADIR AL MASSIRA 30.32N 9.40W 23 5.1 6.8 38.2 19.6 34.8 19.0 32.0 19.0 22.6 30.6 22.1 29.4 20.2 14.9 24.3 19.9 14.7 24.1 9.5 8.1 7.1 375 931
CASABLANCA 33.57N 7.67W 57 6.3 7.3 29.4 21.9 27.3 22.1 26.2 22.0 24.1 26.7 23.5 26.0 23.2 18.1 25.5 22.7 17.5 25.0 7.2 6.0 5.2 659 617
FES-SAIS 33.93N 4.98W 579 0.9 2.0 39.2 20.2 37.2 20.1 35.4 19.9 22.6 33.7 21.7 33.0 19.1 14.9 27.7 18.1 14.0 26.0 10.1 8.3 6.9 1214 834
MARRAKECH 31.62N 8.03W 466 3.9 5.2 41.7 20.7 39.5 20.6 37.5 20.3 23.5 35.0 22.4 34.1 20.1 15.6 29.0 19.0 14.6 26.7 7.5 6.2 5.2 633 1392
MEKNES 33.88N 5.53W 560 2.3 3.7 38.8 21.4 36.6 21.3 34.4 20.8 24.0 34.1 22.9 32.6 20.8 16.6 30.5 19.7 15.5 28.5 8.5 7.3 6.3 1093 848
NOUASSEUR 33.37N 7.58W 206 3.2 4.8 35.8 21.8 33.0 21.7 31.0 21.1 23.7 31.5 22.8 29.9 21.3 16.4 26.1 20.8 15.9 25.3 9.8 8.4 7.4 819 758
OUJDA 34.78N 1.93W 470 0.3 2.0 37.5 20.8 35.5 20.7 33.8 20.5 23.7 32.4 22.9 31.0 21.1 16.7 27.0 20.4 16.0 26.3 11.8 10.1 9.0 1148 842
RABAT-SALE 34.05N 6.77W 79 4.9 6.0 32.2 22.2 29.8 21.9 27.8 22.0 24.7 29.0 23.6 27.4 23.2 18.1 26.9 22.2 17.1 25.6 8.3 7.1 6.2 798 540
TANGER (AERODROME) 35.73N 5.90W 21 4.1 5.8 33.2 21.5 31.9 21.3 30.2 21.2 23.2 29.7 22.6 28.7 21.2 15.9 25.7 20.8 15.5 25.5 16.5 14.0 12.3 799 714
TETOUAN 35.58N 5.33W 10 6.5 7.8 32.8 20.9 30.9 20.8 29.4 20.7 24.2 27.4 23.7 26.8 23.3 18.1 25.7 22.8 17.6 25.4 11.9 10.4 9.5 626 820
Mozambique 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
MAPUTO/MAVALANE 25.92S 32.57E 44 11.9 13.0 35.4 23.6 33.6 23.7 32.1 23.8 26.6 31.1 26.1 30.4 25.4 20.7 28.7 25.0 20.1 28.3 15.5 13.2 10.9 19 1985

Heating DB
Netherlands 6 sites, 33 more on CD-ROM
AMSTERDAM AP SCHIPH 52.30N 4.77E -4 -6.7 -4.5 27.6 19.7 25.5 18.8 23.6 17.9 20.7 25.7 19.6 24.0 19.0 13.8 22.6 18.0 12.9 21.4 13.6 11.9 10.4 2986 66
HOEK VAN HOLLAND 51.98N 4.10E 14 -5.5 -3.6 27.0 19.2 24.6 18.5 22.7 18.0 20.6 24.7 19.7 23.0 19.3 14.1 22.2 18.4 13.3 21.0 16.2 14.5 13.2 2790 68
IJMUIDEN 52.47N 4.57E 13 -6.4 -4.1 25.6 18.7 23.6 17.8 21.8 17.6 20.0 23.3 19.2 21.5 19.0 13.8 21.1 18.4 13.3 20.2 18.6 16.4 15.0 2921 51
ROTTERDAM THE HAGUE 51.95N 4.45E -4 -6.6 -4.5 27.8 19.8 25.6 19.0 23.8 18.0 20.8 25.9 19.8 24.1 19.1 13.9 23.0 18.1 13.0 21.7 12.4 11.0 9.6 2963 66
VALKENBURG 52.17N 4.43E 1 -6.6 -4.5 27.0 19.5 24.7 18.6 22.9 17.8 20.5 25.0 19.4 23.3 18.9 13.7 22.4 18.0 12.9 21.1 13.3 11.8 10.4 2995 53
WOENSDRECHT 51.45N 4.33E 17 -7.4 -5.2 29.2 19.8 27.0 19.2 25.0 18.2 21.0 26.6 20.0 25.1 19.1 13.9 22.8 18.2 13.1 22.0 9.8 8.4 7.4 2988 80
New Zealand 4 sites, 33 more on CD-ROM
AUCKLAND AERO AWS 37.00S 174.80E 7 4.4 5.6 25.3 19.8 24.3 19.2 23.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 20.5 22.9 20.3 15.0 22.5 19.6 14.3 22.0 12.7 11.2 9.9 1234 159
AUCKLAND AIRPORT 37.02S 174.80E 6 1.9 2.9 25.2 19.7 24.5 19.3 23.8 18.9 21.3 23.7 20.6 23.0 20.4 15.1 22.6 19.8 14.5 22.1 12.9 11.4 10.3 1301 163
CHRISTCHURCH 43.48S 172.55E 30 -2.8 -1.8 28.0 16.9 26.0 16.1 24.0 15.6 18.4 24.4 17.6 23.0 16.4 11.7 19.6 15.8 11.3 19.0 11.3 10.1 9.0 2607 59
CHRISTCHURCH AERO A 43.48S 172.52E 37 -2.5 -1.5 27.7 16.6 25.6 15.8 23.6 15.2 18.1 24.2 17.3 22.7 16.2 11.6 19.3 15.5 11.0 18.4 11.4 10.1 9.0 2609 53
Nicaragua 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
MANAGUA A.C.SANDINO 12.15N 86.17W 56 19.9 20.8 36.0 24.3 35.1 24.2 34.8 24.1 26.6 31.4 26.2 31.1 25.2 20.5 28.3 25.1 20.3 28.2 8.2 7.3 6.4 0 3462
Niger 1 site, 11 more on CD-ROM
NIAMEY-AERO 13.48N 2.17E 227 15.9 17.0 42.3 20.9 41.7 20.9 40.8 20.8 27.1 33.2 26.6 32.8 25.9 21.8 29.4 25.1 20.8 29.1 9.5 8.2 7.1 0 4202
Norway 2 sites, 54 more on CD-ROM
HAKADAL 60.12N 10.83E 170 -19.0 -16.0 26.9 17.6 25.0 16.9 23.2 15.9 19.2 23.7 18.2 23.0 17.8 13.1 20.6 16.4 11.9 19.3 8.3 7.1 6.2 4428 52
OSLO-BLINDERN 59.95N 10.72E 97 -14.5 -12.2 26.7 17.2 24.9 16.5 23.1 15.6 18.5 23.7 17.7 22.7 16.7 12.1 20.1 15.7 11.3 19.4 8.0 6.9 6.0 4217 56
Oman 1 site, 9 more on CD-ROM
BURAIMI 24.23N 55.78E 299 9.5 10.9 45.2 21.9 44.2 21.5 43.2 21.4 27.8 33.5 27.0 34.1 26.6 23.0 30.9 25.2 21.1 31.3 8.3 7.2 6.3 77 3734
Pakistan 3 sites, 2 more on CD-ROM
ISLAMABAD AIRPORT 33.62N 73.10E 508 2.1 3.2 41.0 22.5 39.2 22.6 37.9 22.6 28.0 34.0 27.5 33.2 26.5 23.5 31.2 26.1 22.8 30.9 12.7 10.3 9.1 641 2019
KARACHI AIRPORT 24.90N 67.13E 22 10.3 11.9 38.9 22.7 37.2 23.1 36.0 23.5 28.2 33.4 27.9 32.8 27.1 22.9 30.9 26.7 22.4 30.7 9.2 8.2 7.3 20 3251
LAHORE AIRPORT 31.52N 74.40E 217 3.0 4.8 43.1 22.9 41.8 23.0 40.1 23.0 29.2 34.1 28.6 33.4 28.1 24.9 32.1 27.6 24.1 31.7 8.0 6.4 5.4 422 2584
Palestinian Territory, Occupied 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
JERUSALEM AIRPORT 31.87N 35.22E 759 0.7 2.0 32.9 18.7 31.7 18.5 30.2 18.3 21.8 28.8 21.0 27.3 19.9 16.0 24.4 19.1 15.2 23.0 9.5 8.5 7.8 1400 723
Panama 2 sites, 0 more on CD-ROM
MARCOS A GELABERT I 8.97N 79.55W 9 22.8 22.9 34.9 25.4 34.1 25.2 33.8 25.2 27.7 31.5 27.3 31.0 26.8 22.5 30.3 26.2 21.6 29.8 7.9 7.1 6.3 0 3584
TOCUMEN 9.05N 79.37W 45 20.2 21.0 34.1 25.5 33.2 25.2 33.0 25.1 27.6 31.2 27.1 30.9 26.8 22.6 29.6 26.1 21.7 29.1 7.8 6.6 5.7 0 3295
Paraguay 1 site, 3 more on CD-ROM
AEROPUERTO PETTIROSS 25.25S 57.52W 101 5.1 7.1 37.0 23.8 35.9 24.0 34.9 24.0 26.7 32.3 26.3 31.9 25.2 20.6 29.3 24.8 20.1 29.0 10.4 9.4 8.5 262 2064
Peru 8 sites, 5 more on CD-ROM
AREQUIPA 16.33S 71.57W 2520 5.9 6.8 24.1 11.5 23.5 11.2 23.0 11.0 14.8 21.1 14.2 20.5 12.7 12.5 16.4 12.0 12.0 15.8 9.5 7.9 7.0 1118 2
CHICLAYO 6.78S 79.82W 30 14.9 15.2 32.2 24.2 31.7 24.0 30.8 23.5 25.6 30.3 24.9 29.6 24.1 19.1 28.8 23.2 18.1 28.3 10.4 9.7 8.9 2 1600
CUZCO 13.53S 71.93W 3249 0.0 1.1 23.0 10.5 22.1 10.3 21.4 10.0 12.6 20.2 12.1 19.6 9.9 11.3 15.1 9.2 10.8 14.3 8.6 7.0 5.9 2042 0
IQUITOS 3.78S 73.30W 126 19.0 20.1 34.1 26.5 33.7 26.5 33.0 26.4 27.4 32.6 27.1 32.1 26.1 21.8 30.9 25.7 21.3 30.7 6.2 4.8 3.9 0 3044
LIMA-CALLAO/AEROP. 12.00S 77.12W 13 13.9 14.2 28.9 22.8 27.8 22.3 26.9 22.0 23.6 27.3 22.9 26.7 22.2 16.9 26.3 21.3 16.0 25.3 9.3 7.8 6.8 183 775
PIURA 5.20S 80.60W 55 15.8 16.3 34.1 25.4 33.3 25.1 32.7 24.9 26.5 32.3 25.9 31.9 24.9 20.1 29.5 24.2 19.3 29.4 8.4 7.7 6.8 0 2383
PUCALLPA 8.37S 74.57W 149 17.6 18.9 34.9 26.2 34.1 26.2 33.6 26.1 27.0 33.1 26.7 32.7 25.2 20.7 29.9 25.0 20.5 29.9 6.7 5.5 4.5 1 3133
TRUJILLO 8.08S 79.10W 30 14.2 14.8 28.2 23.6 27.4 23.3 26.7 22.8 24.0 27.4 23.5 26.9 22.9 17.7 26.3 22.2 16.9 26.3 7.4 6.6 6.1 129 729
Philippines 10 sites, 34 more on CD-ROM
CAGAYAN DE ORO 8.48N 124.63E 6 22.1 22.8 34.6 27.5 34.1 27.4 33.6 27.3 28.8 33.1 28.4 32.8 27.6 23.6 32.3 27.2 23.0 32.1 4.8 3.7 3.0 0 3601
DAVAO AIRPORT 7.12N 125.65E 18 22.6 23.0 33.9 26.6 33.2 26.6 32.9 26.6 28.1 32.1 27.7 31.7 27.0 22.7 31.3 26.5 22.1 30.7 7.8 6.0 5.0 0 3506
GEN. SANTOS 6.12N 125.18E 15 22.7 23.0 35.1 27.3 34.4 27.2 33.9 27.1 28.2 33.2 28.0 32.9 26.9 22.6 31.7 26.6 22.2 31.4 6.1 5.4 4.9 0 3582
ILOILO 10.70N 122.57E 8 22.8 23.3 34.8 27.7 34.0 27.5 33.3 27.3 28.6 33.0 28.2 32.6 27.4 23.3 31.5 27.0 22.8 31.3 7.4 6.4 5.6 0 3576
MACTAN 10.30N 123.97E 24 23.1 23.8 33.2 27.2 32.8 27.1 32.2 27.0 28.6 31.3 28.2 31.0 27.9 24.1 30.4 27.5 23.5 30.2 8.3 7.1 6.1 0 3536
MANILA 14.58N 120.98E 13 23.1 23.8 34.5 26.4 33.8 26.3 33.2 26.3 28.2 32.0 27.7 31.6 27.2 22.9 30.8 26.7 22.3 30.4 9.4 7.5 6.1 0 3726
NINOY AQUINO INTERN 14.52N 121.00E 15 21.2 22.1 35.0 26.3 34.1 26.1 33.5 26.1 28.5 31.6 28.0 31.0 27.8 23.9 30.2 27.2 23.0 29.6 16.0 12.1 9.9 0 3517
SANGLEY POINT 14.50N 120.92E 4 23.3 23.9 34.7 27.9 34.1 27.7 33.5 27.4 28.7 33.3 28.3 32.8 27.5 23.4 32.0 27.1 22.8 31.7 9.5 7.5 6.4 0 3778
SCIENCE GARDEN 14.63N 121.02E 46 20.2 21.1 35.2 26.2 34.5 26.2 33.8 26.2 27.7 32.4 27.5 32.0 26.6 22.3 30.3 26.2 21.8 29.8 5.7 4.8 4.0 0 3406
ZAMBOANGA 6.90N 122.07E 6 22.6 23.1 34.1 27.4 33.6 27.3 33.1 27.2 28.2 32.7 27.8 32.3 26.9 22.6 31.4 26.6 22.1 31.0 5.6 5.0 4.4 0 3617
Poland 13 sites, 48 more on CD-ROM
GDANSK-REBIECHOWO 54.38N 18.47E 138 -16.1 -12.2 27.1 18.9 25.1 18.0 23.2 17.1 20.2 25.1 19.2 23.8 18.2 13.4 22.1 17.2 12.5 21.1 12.3 10.3 8.9 4016 46
GDANSK-SWIBNO 54.33N 18.93E 7 -17.0 -12.7 25.8 19.5 23.6 18.3 21.9 17.6 20.3 24.4 19.1 22.5 18.8 13.6 22.1 17.7 12.7 21.1 10.2 8.7 7.5 3891 34
HEL 54.60N 18.82E 3 -9.6 -7.2 25.3 20.2 23.7 19.2 22.2 18.4 21.0 24.1 20.0 22.8 19.7 14.4 22.8 18.9 13.7 21.7 10.0 8.5 7.6 3639 52
KATOWICE 50.23N 19.03E 284 -15.1 -12.0 29.4 19.8 27.5 18.8 25.8 18.0 20.7 27.0 19.8 25.8 18.6 13.9 23.1 17.7 13.2 22.0 8.4 7.4 6.5 3708 97
131
132


Heating DB
KRAKOW-BALICE 50.08N 19.80E 237 -16.1 -13.1 29.9 20.4 27.9 19.6 26.0 18.6 21.3 27.9 20.4 26.4 19.1 14.3 24.1 18.2 13.5 22.7 9.4 8.2 7.3 3667 119
LODZ 51.73N 19.40E 190 -15.3 -12.2 29.6 19.4 27.6 18.6 25.8 17.7 20.7 26.5 19.7 25.4 18.8 14.0 22.7 17.9 13.1 21.7 9.0 7.9 7.0 3744 115
LUBLIN RADAWIEC 51.22N 22.40E 240 -17.3 -13.7 28.8 20.3 26.8 19.4 25.1 18.4 21.3 26.8 20.2 25.3 19.4 14.6 24.2 18.4 13.7 22.7 8.5 7.4 6.5 3931 93
POZNAN 52.42N 16.85E 84 -14.0 -10.9 30.1 19.4 28.1 18.4 26.3 17.7 20.7 27.5 19.7 25.9 18.5 13.5 22.5 17.7 12.8 21.9 9.6 8.4 7.4 3582 123
RACIBORZ 50.05N 18.20E 206 -15.6 -12.2 29.5 20.1 27.7 19.3 25.9 18.5 21.1 27.0 20.2 25.9 19.1 14.2 23.8 18.2 13.4 22.7 10.1 8.7 7.5 3559 111
SZCZECIN 53.40N 14.62E 7 -12.7 -9.4 29.0 19.9 27.0 19.1 25.2 18.3 21.2 26.8 20.1 25.1 19.3 14.1 23.6 18.3 13.2 22.4 9.4 8.4 7.4 3506 94
TERESPOL 52.07N 23.62E 137 -19.2 -15.1 29.3 20.2 27.4 19.5 25.6 18.5 21.5 27.1 20.4 25.6 19.6 14.5 24.1 18.6 13.6 23.0 7.4 6.5 5.9 3909 109
WARSZAWA-OKECIE 52.17N 20.97E 106 -16.2 -12.9 29.8 20.3 27.8 19.4 26.0 18.3 21.4 27.5 20.5 26.0 19.3 14.3 23.8 18.5 13.5 22.9 10.2 9.1 8.1 3727 124
WROCLAW II 51.10N 16.88E 124 -14.9 -11.2 30.1 19.8 28.1 19.0 26.3 18.2 20.9 27.5 19.9 26.0 18.8 13.8 23.3 17.9 13.0 22.3 9.0 7.9 7.0 3494 121
Portugal 1 site, 25 more on CD-ROM
LISBOA/GAGO COUTINH 38.77N 9.13W 105 4.6 5.8 33.6 20.4 31.5 19.8 29.6 19.3 21.5 30.5 20.8 28.5 19.2 14.2 22.5 18.6 13.6 22.3 8.8 7.7 6.9 1045 549
Puerto Rico 2 sites, 2 more on CD-ROM
SAN JUAN INTL ARPT 18.42N 66.00W 4 20.8 21.3 32.8 25.4 31.9 25.5 31.4 25.4 26.9 30.4 26.6 30.1 25.9 21.2 28.8 25.5 20.8 28.6 8.8 8.1 7.4 0 3131
LUIS MUNOZ MARIN IN 18.43N 66.00W 3 21.0 21.5 32.9 25.2 32.1 25.4 31.6 25.5 27.2 30.3 26.7 30.1 26.2 21.6 28.9 25.8 21.2 28.8 9.2 8.5 7.9 0 3137
Qatar 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
DOHA INTERNATIONAL 25.25N 51.57E 10 11.2 12.8 43.9 22.2 42.8 22.4 41.3 22.9 31.1 35.2 30.6 34.9 30.2 27.5 34.0 29.7 26.7 33.9 10.5 9.3 8.3 68 3631
Romania 8 sites, 45 more on CD-ROM
BUCURESTI AFUMATI 44.48N 26.18E 90 -13.2 -10.8 33.9 21.6 32.1 21.4 30.8 20.7 23.4 30.2 22.4 29.5 21.3 16.2 25.4 20.2 15.0 24.5 10.2 8.2 7.1 2995 419
BUCURESTI INMH-BANE 44.48N 26.12E 91 -12.5 -10.0 34.1 21.1 32.5 20.7 30.9 20.1 23.1 29.9 22.1 29.1 21.2 16.0 25.0 20.1 15.0 23.8 8.4 7.4 6.3 3012 399
CLUJ-NAPOCA 46.78N 23.57E 413 -14.8 -12.0 30.4 20.5 28.9 19.7 27.2 19.0 21.9 28.1 20.8 26.6 20.0 15.4 24.6 18.9 14.4 23.2 8.1 6.4 5.3 3526 169
CONSTANTA 44.22N 28.65E 14 -8.9 -6.9 30.1 23.7 28.7 22.9 27.5 22.3 25.6 28.2 24.3 27.2 24.8 19.9 27.3 23.4 18.2 26.3 12.2 10.3 9.7 2627 442
CRAIOVA 44.32N 23.87E 195 -12.0 -9.6 33.9 22.0 32.1 21.6 30.5 21.0 24.1 30.7 23.0 29.3 22.1 17.2 27.1 21.0 16.1 25.8 12.1 9.5 8.1 2884 457
IASI 47.17N 27.63E 104 -15.8 -12.6 32.7 21.2 30.9 20.7 29.2 19.9 22.9 29.5 21.9 28.2 21.0 15.8 25.9 19.9 14.8 24.4 9.5 8.0 7.0 3248 339
KOGALNICEANU 44.33N 28.43E 102 -11.0 -9.0 32.5 22.0 30.9 21.4 29.1 21.0 25.2 27.6 23.8 27.0 24.5 19.8 26.3 23.0 17.9 25.0 11.2 9.4 8.5 2881 402
TIMISOARA 45.77N 21.25E 88 -11.4 -8.9 33.9 21.2 32.1 20.9 30.2 20.1 22.8 30.0 21.8 28.8 21.0 15.8 24.7 19.9 14.8 23.8 8.4 7.0 5.9 2877 362
Russian Federation 62 sites, 512 more on CD-ROM
SOCHI (ADLER) 43.43N 39.90E 13 -2.0 -0.6 30.2 23.9 29.1 23.5 28.0 23.1 25.4 28.7 24.5 27.9 24.2 19.1 27.8 23.4 18.2 26.9 7.6 6.6 5.9 2012 469
ARHANGELSK 64.50N 40.72E 8 -33.2 -29.5 27.2 19.5 25.0 18.1 22.9 17.0 20.6 25.5 19.3 23.7 18.8 13.6 23.2 17.4 12.5 21.7 8.1 7.0 6.2 6263 47
ASTRAHAN 46.28N 48.05E -23 -18.1 -15.0 35.4 21.5 33.7 21.1 32.2 20.7 23.6 30.8 22.6 29.8 21.6 16.2 26.3 20.5 15.2 25.5 9.8 8.6 7.9 3397 667
BARNAUL 53.43N 83.52E 184 -32.9 -29.8 30.0 19.1 28.2 18.5 26.7 17.7 21.0 27.0 19.9 25.7 19.0 14.1 23.7 17.9 13.1 22.9 10.7 9.0 7.9 5846 157
BRJANSK 53.25N 34.32E 216 -22.6 -19.4 28.5 19.4 26.8 18.6 25.1 17.8 20.6 26.3 19.6 24.9 18.6 13.8 23.0 17.6 12.9 22.0 9.2 8.0 7.2 4572 116
CHEREPOVEC 59.27N 38.02E 114 -30.3 -26.8 28.0 20.1 25.9 19.0 24.0 17.8 21.1 26.4 20.0 24.5 19.3 14.2 24.0 18.2 13.3 22.4 8.9 7.4 6.3 5577 53
CHELJABINSK-BALANDI 55.30N 61.53E 227 -29.2 -26.3 30.5 19.6 28.6 19.0 26.9 18.2 21.0 27.6 20.1 26.5 18.9 14.1 23.3 17.9 13.2 22.7 10.6 9.2 8.1 5563 153
CHITA 52.08N 113.48E 671 -37.2 -35.0 30.9 19.3 28.9 18.2 26.9 17.3 21.0 28.2 19.7 26.2 18.8 14.7 23.7 17.5 13.6 22.5 10.1 8.7 7.6 6979 100
EKATERINBURG 56.83N 60.63E 283 -30.8 -27.9 29.4 19.5 27.7 18.7 25.9 17.8 21.1 27.1 20.0 25.8 19.1 14.3 23.8 18.0 13.4 22.7 8.9 7.9 7.1 5893 99
ELABUGA 55.77N 52.07E 192 -29.2 -25.6 30.6 20.1 28.6 19.5 26.7 18.5 21.4 28.2 20.4 26.8 19.1 14.2 24.1 18.1 13.4 23.3 13.2 11.0 9.4 5380 172
GOR'KIJ 56.22N 43.82E 82 -27.4 -23.9 28.4 19.5 26.7 18.8 25.0 17.8 20.9 26.3 19.8 24.8 19.1 14.0 23.5 17.9 13.0 22.2 9.3 8.3 7.3 5163 96
HABAROVSK 48.52N 135.17E 76 -30.0 -28.0 30.5 22.2 28.8 21.6 27.1 20.6 24.0 27.8 22.9 26.7 23.0 17.9 25.7 21.8 16.6 24.9 10.6 9.3 8.3 6046 222
IRKUTSK 52.27N 104.32E 469 -35.5 -32.1 28.2 17.9 26.8 17.6 25.0 16.8 20.0 25.6 19.0 24.3 18.1 13.8 22.2 17.0 12.9 21.2 10.1 8.8 7.7 6612 52
IZHEVSK 56.83N 53.45E 159 -30.1 -26.5 29.7 19.8 27.8 18.9 26.0 18.0 20.9 27.4 20.0 26.2 18.7 13.8 23.8 17.7 12.9 22.7 9.8 8.4 7.2 5706 126
KALININGRAD 54.72N 20.55E 21 -17.4 -13.2 27.8 19.7 25.8 18.7 24.1 17.6 21.1 25.6 19.8 24.2 19.5 14.2 23.2 18.2 13.1 21.8 9.1 7.9 7.1 3848 67
KALUGA 54.57N 36.40E 201 -25.4 -22.0 27.9 19.5 26.2 18.8 24.6 18.0 20.9 25.7 19.8 24.4 19.1 14.2 23.7 18.1 13.3 22.4 9.1 7.6 6.7 4898 71
KAZAN 55.73N 49.20E 116 -28.6 -25.0 30.7 19.8 28.4 19.4 26.6 18.5 21.3 27.6 20.4 26.4 19.1 14.1 24.2 18.2 13.3 23.2 11.1 9.9 9.1 5299 172
KEMEROVO 55.23N 86.12E 260 -33.6 -30.3 28.7 19.1 26.9 18.2 25.1 17.4 20.7 25.8 19.6 24.7 18.9 14.2 23.3 17.8 13.2 22.2 10.9 9.5 8.6 6240 106
KIROV 58.65N 49.62E 164 -33.5 -28.7 28.3 20.0 25.9 18.5 24.1 17.5 20.7 26.1 19.6 24.4 18.7 13.8 23.7 17.7 12.9 22.1 9.8 8.7 7.8 5907 67
KIROV 58.57N 49.57E 158 -29.5 -26.2 29.6 20.6 27.7 19.4 25.9 18.3 21.2 27.7 20.4 26.4 19.1 14.2 24.0 18.2 13.4 23.1 6.2 5.4 5.0 5587 131
KRASNODAR 45.03N 39.15E 34 -14.8 -11.1 34.2 22.5 32.2 22.0 30.6 21.2 24.1 30.9 23.1 29.6 22.0 16.8 27.5 21.1 15.8 26.3 10.3 9.1 8.2 2866 509
KRASNOJARSK 56.00N 92.88E 277 -33.7 -31.1 28.4 18.3 26.6 17.6 24.8 16.8 20.0 25.7 19.0 24.3 18.1 13.4 22.4 17.0 12.6 21.3 10.1 8.4 7.0 6227 70
KRASNOJARSK OPYTNOE 56.03N 92.75E 276 -37.1 -34.6 29.0 19.2 27.1 18.7 25.2 17.7 20.8 26.5 19.6 24.9 18.8 14.1 23.8 17.7 13.2 22.2 7.2 6.2 5.4 6149 105
KURGAN 55.47N 65.40E 79 -32.7 -29.5 31.3 19.5 29.4 19.2 27.6 18.4 21.3 28.4 20.4 27.2 18.9 13.8 24.0 18.0 13.1 23.0 10.8 9.3 8.2 5848 174
KURSK 51.77N 36.17E 247 -22.8 -19.5 30.4 19.6 28.4 18.8 26.6 18.2 20.9 27.3 20.1 26.1 18.8 14.0 23.6 17.9 13.3 22.8 9.1 7.9 7.1 4420 183
MAGNITOGORSK 53.35N 59.08E 382 -29.5 -26.5 30.4 18.5 28.6 17.9 26.9 17.3 20.0 27.2 19.2 26.2 17.6 13.2 23.0 16.6 12.4 22.3 10.0 8.5 7.4 5758 142
MAHACKALA 43.02N 47.48E 32 -11.6 -8.6 31.5 23.4 30.1 23.3 28.9 22.8 25.5 29.3 24.7 28.5 24.3 19.3 28.4 23.4 18.2 27.7 10.9 9.4 8.2 2729 581
MOSKVA 55.83N 37.62E 156 -22.8 -19.5 29.4 20.9 27.5 20.2 25.6 19.1 21.9 27.8 20.8 26.0 19.8 14.8 25.0 18.8 13.9 23.7 4.3 3.5 3.2 4662 131
MURMANSK 68.97N 33.05E 51 -32.2 -28.8 24.1 16.0 21.5 14.9 19.2 13.8 17.0 21.6 15.6 20.3 14.9 10.7 19.2 13.3 9.6 17.5 10.9 9.4 8.1 6645 10
NIZHNYJ TAGIL 57.88N 60.07E 258 -31.9 -29.2 28.6 19.2 26.9 18.4 25.1 17.6 20.7 26.5 19.6 25.0 18.6 13.9 23.2 17.5 12.9 22.0 7.4 6.4 5.6 6118 71
NIZNIJ NOVGOROD 56.27N 44.00E 157 -26.6 -23.2 30.8 20.4 28.6 19.7 26.8 19.0 21.4 27.8 20.5 26.8 19.2 14.3 24.0 18.3 13.4 22.9 7.2 6.3 5.5 4997 154

Heating DB
NOVOKUZNETSK 53.82N 86.88E 308 -32.5 -29.8 29.1 19.5 27.3 18.7 25.7 17.9 20.9 26.6 19.8 25.4 19.0 14.3 23.7 17.9 13.3 22.5 11.9 9.9 8.4 5967 99
NOVOSIBIRSK 55.08N 82.90E 176 -35.2 -31.9 29.2 18.8 27.8 18.1 26.0 17.4 20.7 26.3 19.7 25.0 18.9 14.0 22.8 17.8 13.1 22.0 10.2 8.8 7.6 6141 119
OMSK 55.02N 73.38E 122 -32.8 -29.9 31.0 18.8 29.1 18.2 27.2 17.7 20.7 27.7 19.7 26.6 18.2 13.3 23.3 17.2 12.5 22.4 10.4 8.9 7.8 6036 166
OREL 52.93N 36.00E 203 -24.0 -20.5 30.0 20.1 28.0 19.3 26.3 18.5 21.2 27.3 20.3 26.2 19.1 14.2 24.4 18.2 13.4 23.0 10.4 9.2 8.1 4528 155
ORENBURG 51.68N 55.10E 117 -29.5 -26.2 34.1 19.5 32.1 18.9 30.2 18.5 21.3 29.8 20.4 28.8 18.7 13.7 24.5 17.6 12.8 23.5 10.5 9.3 8.2 5116 314
PENZA 53.12N 45.02E 174 -27.2 -23.9 31.8 19.8 29.4 19.2 27.6 18.4 21.3 28.1 20.4 27.1 19.1 14.1 24.4 18.1 13.3 23.2 10.2 9.3 8.5 4964 184
PERM 57.95N 56.20E 170 -31.0 -27.5 29.9 20.4 27.9 19.3 26.0 18.3 21.4 27.6 20.3 26.5 19.1 14.2 24.9 18.0 13.2 23.4 10.0 8.9 7.9 5778 116
RJAZAN' 54.62N 39.72E 160 -23.5 -20.7 28.7 19.8 27.0 19.1 25.2 18.0 21.0 26.6 19.9 25.2 19.0 14.0 23.8 18.0 13.2 22.2 9.8 8.2 6.9 4858 131
RJAZAN' 54.63N 39.70E 158 -25.0 -21.7 30.7 20.2 28.4 19.3 26.5 18.5 21.2 27.8 20.4 26.5 19.2 14.3 23.9 18.3 13.4 22.8 6.6 5.8 5.2 4748 166
ROSTOV-NA-DONU 47.25N 39.82E 77 -17.1 -14.5 34.6 21.8 32.2 21.3 30.3 20.5 23.3 31.0 22.4 29.5 21.0 15.8 26.7 20.0 14.8 25.6 12.5 10.9 9.5 3442 482
SAMARA 53.25N 50.45E 40 -27.2 -24.1 32.2 19.9 30.2 19.6 28.2 18.8 21.8 28.2 20.9 27.4 19.8 14.6 24.6 18.8 13.7 23.6 10.5 9.3 8.3 5043 234
SARATOV 51.55N 46.03E 166 -23.3 -20.6 33.0 19.8 30.8 19.2 28.9 18.7 21.2 28.8 20.4 27.9 18.9 13.9 23.7 18.0 13.2 23.2 10.3 9.0 7.9 4554 350
SHEREMETYEVO 55.97N 37.42E 190 -25.0 -21.5 29.8 19.3 27.2 18.7 25.2 18.0 20.7 26.1 19.6 25.2 18.9 14.0 23.4 17.9 13.1 22.2 9.2 8.2 7.3 4924 104
SMOLENSK 54.75N 32.07E 239 -22.7 -19.5 27.7 19.9 25.8 19.0 24.2 18.1 20.8 25.9 19.8 24.6 19.0 14.2 23.4 18.0 13.3 22.3 7.3 6.3 5.4 4732 77
PULKOVO 59.80N 30.26E 6 -23.2 -19.6 28.0 19.6 25.9 18.5 24.1 17.6 20.7 26.0 19.5 24.3 18.8 13.6 23.3 17.6 12.6 22.0 8.9 7.5 6.6 4778 68
STAVROPOL 45.12N 42.08E 452 -17.0 -13.9 33.9 19.7 31.9 19.3 30.0 19.0 21.6 29.4 20.8 28.2 19.1 14.6 25.2 18.1 13.8 24.1 12.5 10.6 9.3 3308 411
SURGUT 61.25N 73.50E 56 -40.7 -38.1 28.4 18.6 26.7 17.7 24.5 17.1 20.0 26.0 18.9 24.4 17.9 13.0 22.4 16.9 12.1 21.6 10.1 8.9 7.9 7422 80
TJUMEN 57.12N 65.43E 104 -32.3 -29.7 29.5 19.6 27.8 18.9 26.1 18.3 21.1 27.2 20.2 25.8 19.0 13.9 23.9 18.0 13.1 23.2 6.4 5.7 5.1 6012 123
TOMSK 56.50N 84.92E 139 -36.3 -32.9 28.4 19.9 26.7 18.7 25.1 18.0 21.1 26.1 20.1 24.9 19.4 14.4 23.4 18.3 13.4 22.5 9.1 7.5 6.3 6423 88
TULA 54.23N 37.62E 204 -24.8 -21.3 30.1 20.2 28.0 19.3 26.2 18.6 21.2 27.5 20.3 26.3 19.1 14.3 24.2 18.2 13.4 23.1 7.2 6.2 5.4 4720 133
TVER 56.88N 35.87E 137 -25.9 -22.3 29.4 19.9 27.2 19.2 25.3 18.2 21.2 26.9 20.1 25.5 19.2 14.2 23.6 18.2 13.3 22.5 9.2 7.8 6.9 4924 101
UFA 54.72N 55.83E 104 -31.8 -28.2 31.2 20.6 29.3 19.7 27.6 19.0 21.9 28.7 20.9 27.6 19.4 14.4 25.2 18.4 13.5 24.1 10.2 8.7 7.5 5483 163
ULAN-UDE 51.83N 107.60E 515 -36.4 -33.9 31.2 18.3 29.1 17.7 27.1 17.0 20.1 27.7 19.2 26.2 17.7 13.5 22.9 16.8 12.7 22.0 10.7 9.2 7.9 6890 128
ULYANOVSK 54.32N 48.33E 127 -28.6 -25.2 31.7 20.1 29.4 19.7 27.6 18.6 21.6 28.1 20.7 27.3 19.4 14.3 24.5 18.4 13.5 23.5 11.1 10.0 9.1 5076 184
VLADIMIR 56.12N 40.35E 170 -26.4 -22.9 29.3 20.8 27.2 20.1 25.4 19.1 22.1 27.3 20.8 25.9 20.2 15.2 25.2 18.9 14.0 23.7 9.1 8.1 7.2 5035 122
VLADIVOSTOK 43.12N 131.93E 183 -25.2 -22.8 28.2 21.3 26.8 20.6 24.9 19.8 23.2 26.3 22.2 24.6 22.2 17.2 24.4 21.2 16.2 23.4 13.1 11.2 9.8 4948 161
VNUKOVO 55.58N 37.25E 209 -24.0 -20.9 29.2 19.6 27.2 18.9 25.2 18.1 20.9 26.7 19.8 25.4 18.9 14.1 23.5 17.9 13.2 22.5 9.5 8.4 7.5 4868 113
VOLGOGRAD 48.78N 44.35E 147 -21.8 -19.1 35.0 19.0 32.9 18.6 30.9 18.2 20.7 29.5 20.0 28.6 18.1 13.3 22.9 17.3 12.6 22.7 12.4 10.8 9.7 4112 446
VORONEZ 51.65N 39.25E 104 -24.6 -21.2 32.1 19.0 29.8 18.9 27.6 18.2 20.9 27.8 20.0 26.6 18.6 13.6 23.3 17.9 13.0 22.5 10.3 8.8 7.4 4472 191
VORONEZ 51.70N 39.22E 149 -23.6 -20.4 32.5 20.2 30.3 19.5 28.3 18.7 21.5 29.1 20.6 27.6 19.2 14.2 24.0 18.3 13.5 23.4 8.1 7.0 6.2 4254 267
VLADIKAVKAZ 43.03N 44.68E 703 -14.0 -11.2 30.6 20.3 28.8 19.8 27.1 19.2 22.0 27.9 21.1 26.7 20.1 16.2 25.1 19.2 15.2 24.2 4.7 3.9 3.3 3407 250
Saudi Arabia 9 sites, 19 more on CD-ROM
ABHA 18.23N 42.65E 2093 6.0 7.2 31.1 13.1 30.3 13.2 29.8 13.2 19.8 24.1 19.2 23.6 18.5 17.4 22.0 17.9 16.7 21.8 9.5 8.5 7.7 522 768
AL-MADINAH 24.55N 39.70E 636 9.0 10.8 45.1 19.0 44.2 18.7 43.2 18.4 22.1 36.6 21.0 37.4 17.2 13.3 27.1 16.0 12.3 25.9 9.3 8.2 7.2 83 3757
DHAHRAN 26.27N 50.17E 17 7.8 9.1 45.1 23.1 44.0 23.3 42.9 23.2 31.1 35.8 30.2 35.5 30.1 27.4 34.3 29.1 25.7 33.8 11.1 9.8 8.9 181 3398
GASSIM 26.30N 43.77E 648 3.0 5.0 44.9 20.1 44.0 19.4 43.0 18.9 22.7 38.5 21.5 39.2 19.0 14.9 26.9 16.9 13.1 24.0 9.0 8.0 6.9 436 2918
JEDDAH (KING ABDUL AZIZ INTL) 21.70N 39.18E 17 15.2 16.8 41.0 23.5 39.8 24.2 38.8 24.5 29.9 35.0 29.1 34.4 28.8 25.4 33.6 27.9 24.1 32.8 9.8 8.8 8.0 1 3762
KHAMIS MUSHAIT 18.30N 42.80E 2056 7.1 8.3 31.9 15.2 31.1 15.0 30.7 14.8 19.5 24.7 18.9 24.0 18.1 16.8 22.3 17.2 15.8 21.8 9.4 8.4 7.4 341 1009
MAKKAH 21.43N 39.77E 240 16.2 17.6 45.1 24.5 44.1 24.3 43.1 24.2 28.9 38.6 28.0 37.9 26.6 22.8 35.4 25.6 21.4 34.8 6.2 5.2 4.5 1 4758
RIYADH OBS. (O.A.P.) 24.70N 46.73E 620 5.8 7.2 44.7 19.2 43.9 18.8 43.0 18.5 21.2 37.4 20.3 37.7 17.8 13.8 22.8 16.1 12.4 21.8 9.4 8.3 7.3 284 3342
TABUK 28.38N 36.60E 768 1.8 3.0 41.0 19.0 39.8 18.5 38.8 18.1 21.1 36.5 20.2 35.5 15.8 12.3 27.7 14.2 11.1 27.2 10.3 8.7 7.1 677 2102
Senegal 1 site, 7 more on CD-ROM
DAKAR/YOFF 14.73N 17.50W 24 16.8 17.0 32.2 23.0 31.2 24.9 30.8 25.2 28.0 29.7 27.4 29.3 27.2 23.1 28.9 27.0 22.8 28.7 9.8 8.9 8.1 1 2375
Serbia 2 sites, 24 more on CD-ROM
BEOGRAD 44.80N 20.47E 132 -8.4 -6.3 34.0 21.4 32.3 21.0 30.7 20.3 22.6 30.9 21.8 29.8 20.1 15.0 26.6 19.1 14.1 25.0 7.4 6.3 5.3 2482 528
BEOGRAD/SURCIN 44.82N 20.28E 99 -10.2 -8.0 34.0 21.4 32.2 21.4 30.8 20.7 23.1 30.8 22.3 29.7 20.8 15.6 26.7 19.9 14.8 25.8 9.9 8.5 7.4 2686 426
Singapore 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
SINGAPORE/CHANGI AI 1.37N 103.98E 16 23.1 23.8 33.2 26.4 32.9 26.4 32.2 26.3 27.7 30.7 27.5 30.5 27.1 22.8 29.5 26.8 22.4 29.2 7.3 6.4 5.6 0 3572
Slovakia 1 site, 18 more on CD-ROM
BRATISLAVA-LETISKO 48.20N 17.20E 134 -11.2 -8.7 32.1 20.5 30.2 19.9 28.8 19.2 21.5 29.4 20.7 28.4 19.0 14.0 24.8 18.1 13.2 23.9 10.3 8.9 7.8 3047 280
South Africa 8 sites, 30 more on CD-ROM
BLOEMFONTEIN AIRPOR 29.10S 26.30E 1354 -4.8 -3.4 33.8 15.4 32.5 15.3 31.2 15.3 19.6 26.2 19.0 25.7 17.9 15.2 21.5 17.1 14.4 20.9 9.1 7.9 7.0 1382 508
CAPE TOWN INTNL. AI 33.97S 18.60E 42 3.8 5.1 31.2 19.3 29.2 18.9 27.8 18.5 21.1 27.5 20.5 26.4 19.2 14.0 22.5 18.5 13.4 22.1 13.7 12.4 11.2 884 387
DURBAN INTNL. AIRPO 29.97S 30.95E 14 9.2 10.4 30.2 23.9 29.2 23.6 28.5 23.3 25.5 28.6 24.9 27.9 24.3 19.3 27.2 24.0 18.9 27.0 11.1 9.9 8.9 137 1115
EAST LONDON 33.03S 27.83E 125 7.9 9.0 30.5 20.2 28.8 20.6 27.2 20.6 23.8 27.4 23.1 26.3 22.8 17.8 25.8 22.1 17.0 24.9 12.4 10.9 9.7 416 575
JOHANNESBURG INTNL. 26.15S 28.23E 1720 0.1 2.0 29.0 15.1 27.9 15.1 26.9 15.3 19.4 23.8 18.6 23.3 18.0 16.0 21.3 17.1 15.1 20.4 9.3 8.3 7.5 1103 265
PORT ELIZABETH 33.98S 25.62E 63 5.3 6.8 29.4 18.9 27.5 19.5 26.1 19.8 22.7 25.7 22.1 25.0 21.9 16.7 24.3 21.1 15.9 23.6 14.5 12.8 11.4 651 409
133
134


Heating DB
PRETORIA (IRENE) 25.92S 28.22E 1523 2.6 3.9 30.6 15.9 29.5 16.1 28.4 16.2 20.1 25.8 19.6 25.1 18.4 16.0 21.9 18.0 15.6 21.4 8.7 7.4 6.5 784 494
PRETORIA-EENDRACHT 25.73S 28.18E 1326 2.9 4.1 32.2 17.5 31.0 17.3 30.0 17.4 21.0 27.0 20.4 26.4 19.4 16.7 22.7 18.9 16.1 22.5 5.5 4.7 4.0 582 865
Spain 14 sites, 24 more on CD-ROM
ALICANTE/EL ALTET 38.28N 0.55W 31 3.5 4.8 32.7 21.5 31.2 21.9 30.2 22.0 25.5 28.6 24.7 28.3 24.5 19.5 27.2 23.8 18.7 27.0 10.2 8.9 7.8 891 874
BARCELONA/AEROPUERT 41.28N 2.07E 6 1.2 2.5 30.2 23.6 29.2 23.4 28.3 22.9 25.4 28.7 24.6 28.0 24.2 19.1 27.8 23.2 18.0 27.1 9.8 8.4 7.4 1355 603
BILBAO/SONDICA 43.30N 2.90W 39 -0.2 1.0 32.1 20.8 29.6 20.0 27.5 19.3 22.7 28.4 21.7 26.6 21.1 15.9 24.2 20.1 14.9 23.1 9.9 8.3 7.2 1529 351
LAS PALMAS DE GRAN 27.93N 15.38W 47 13.5 14.1 30.2 20.3 28.5 20.4 27.2 20.7 24.4 26.6 23.6 25.9 23.8 18.7 25.9 22.8 17.7 25.3 14.6 13.8 13.0 69 1058
MADRID/BARAJAS RS 40.45N 3.55W 582 -4.0 -2.7 36.3 19.1 35.1 18.8 33.8 18.4 21.5 33.8 20.4 32.1 17.1 13.1 26.2 16.0 12.2 25.5 9.6 8.3 7.3 1993 635
MADRID/TORREJON 40.48N 3.45W 611 -4.6 -3.1 36.2 19.9 35.0 19.3 33.7 18.6 21.8 34.3 20.7 32.4 17.1 13.1 28.1 16.1 12.3 26.4 9.5 8.2 7.1 2114 582
MALAGA/AEROPUERTO 36.67N 4.48W 7 4.0 5.3 35.0 20.3 32.9 20.2 30.9 20.0 24.0 28.1 23.4 27.5 22.8 17.6 26.3 22.0 16.7 26.1 10.4 9.2 8.1 823 856
MURCIA 38.00N 1.17W 62 2.4 3.9 35.9 21.6 34.6 21.5 33.3 21.4 24.6 30.9 23.9 29.9 23.0 17.9 26.6 22.2 17.0 26.3 8.0 6.9 6.0 899 1092
PALMA DE MALLORCA/S 39.55N 2.73E 7 0.1 1.5 33.0 22.9 31.8 22.9 30.3 22.8 25.8 29.4 25.0 28.9 24.8 19.9 28.0 23.9 18.8 27.6 10.3 8.9 7.9 1289 692
SEVILLA/SAN PABLO 37.42N 5.90W 31 1.9 3.2 39.8 23.6 38.0 22.4 36.2 21.8 25.1 36.3 23.9 34.4 22.1 16.8 28.4 21.1 15.8 26.9 9.0 7.8 6.9 858 1196
VALENCIA/AEROPUERTO 39.50N 0.47W 62 0.9 2.2 33.1 21.2 31.8 21.7 30.5 21.8 24.9 29.3 24.2 28.5 23.6 18.5 27.5 22.9 17.8 27.2 10.8 9.2 7.8 1102 806
VALLADOLID 41.65N 4.77W 735 -3.9 -2.7 34.3 18.2 32.7 17.9 31.0 17.4 19.6 30.8 18.8 29.8 16.1 12.5 22.4 15.2 11.8 21.4 8.2 6.9 5.8 2398 363
ZARAGOZA (USAFB) 41.67N 1.05W 263 -2.2 -0.9 36.1 20.7 34.0 20.4 32.2 20.0 22.4 32.1 21.6 31.0 19.2 14.5 25.3 18.8 14.1 25.2 12.5 10.8 9.6 1741 667
ZARAGOZA/AEROPUERTO 41.67N 1.00W 258 -2.8 -1.1 36.2 21.4 34.8 20.9 32.9 20.3 22.8 33.1 21.9 31.4 19.9 15.1 25.9 18.9 14.2 25.4 13.3 11.9 10.6 1721 702
Sri Lanka 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
KATUNAYAKE 7.17N 79.88E 9 20.9 21.9 33.1 24.8 32.4 25.2 32.0 25.4 27.7 30.8 27.3 30.6 26.8 22.5 30.1 26.2 21.7 29.6 8.6 8.0 7.3 0 3406
Sweden 4 sites, 122 more on CD-ROM
GOTEBORG 57.72N 12.00E 2 -12.1 -9.5 26.9 18.1 25.4 17.5 23.6 16.8 19.7 24.3 18.7 23.0 18.0 12.9 21.9 17.1 12.2 20.7 8.4 7.2 6.3 3634 63
GOTEBORG/LANDVETTER 57.67N 12.28E 155 -13.2 -10.7 26.0 16.7 24.2 16.1 22.4 15.3 18.4 22.9 17.4 21.8 16.9 12.3 20.0 15.9 11.5 18.6 11.1 9.9 8.8 4149 31
GOTEBORG/SAVE 57.78N 11.88E 16 -14.0 -11.0 25.8 17.7 24.1 17.1 22.2 16.3 19.5 23.0 18.5 22.0 18.2 13.1 20.8 17.1 12.3 19.8 11.2 9.9 8.8 3991 24
STOCKHOLM/BROMMA 59.37N 17.90E 14 -16.1 -12.9 27.0 17.8 25.1 16.9 23.4 16.2 19.4 24.0 18.4 22.7 17.9 12.8 20.9 16.8 12.0 20.2 8.9 7.8 7.0 4232 51
Switzerland 3 sites, 52 more on CD-ROM
LAEGERE 47.48N 8.40E 843 -10.7 -8.8 26.1 17.8 24.5 17.2 23.0 16.6 19.3 23.3 18.2 22.6 18.0 14.3 21.2 16.7 13.2 20.0 12.0 10.4 9.2 3882 73
ZUERICH-FLUNTER 47.38N 8.57E 569 -8.4 -6.6 28.8 19.1 27.1 18.5 25.5 17.8 20.0 26.7 19.3 25.4 17.8 13.6 22.3 17.1 13.1 21.4 8.8 7.2 5.8 3256 143
ZURICH-KLOTEN 47.48N 8.53E 432 -9.2 -7.0 30.0 19.9 28.2 19.1 26.5 18.5 20.7 27.8 19.9 26.5 18.2 13.8 23.1 17.6 13.3 22.3 8.3 6.9 5.8 3262 134
Syrian Arab Republic 5 sites, 7 more on CD-ROM
ALEPPO INT. AEROPOR 36.18N 37.20E 384 -2.0 -0.6 39.1 20.1 37.8 19.8 36.2 19.7 22.9 32.9 22.2 32.1 19.9 15.3 27.4 19.1 14.6 26.9 10.5 9.4 8.4 1494 1378
DAMASCUS INT. AIRPO 33.42N 36.52E 609 -3.7 -1.9 39.3 18.5 38.0 18.2 36.8 18.1 21.2 30.6 20.5 29.9 19.1 14.9 23.1 18.2 14.1 22.7 12.3 10.7 9.6 1472 1134
DARAA 32.60N 36.10E 543 0.9 2.4 36.2 19.4 34.7 19.5 33.3 19.5 22.8 31.0 22.1 29.8 20.6 16.4 25.1 20.0 15.7 24.7 8.8 7.4 6.3 1147 1076
HAMA 35.12N 36.75E 303 -1.4 0.2 39.2 20.8 37.7 20.5 36.4 20.1 23.1 34.0 22.2 33.4 19.6 14.9 28.6 18.6 14.0 27.6 7.2 5.7 4.7 1300 1399
LATTAKIA 35.53N 35.77E 7 4.0 5.4 33.0 22.0 31.7 23.3 30.9 24.0 26.4 30.2 26.0 29.8 25.2 20.4 29.5 24.7 19.7 29.1 9.9 8.1 6.7 724 1187
Taiwan, Province of China 19 sites, 17 more on CD-ROM
CHIANG KAI SHEK 25.08N 121.22E 33 9.0 10.1 34.3 26.9 33.8 26.9 33.0 26.8 28.5 32.1 27.9 31.6 27.3 23.2 30.5 27.0 22.8 30.2 13.0 11.8 10.9 271 1908
CHILUNG 25.15N 121.80E 3 10.2 11.3 33.9 26.1 33.0 26.0 32.2 26.0 27.2 31.2 26.9 31.0 26.3 21.8 29.4 25.9 21.2 29.3 9.1 7.8 6.9 247 1836
CHINMEM/SHATOU(AFB) 24.43N 118.37E 9 7.0 8.0 33.1 28.5 32.2 28.1 31.8 28.0 29.4 31.9 28.9 31.6 28.9 25.5 31.4 28.1 24.3 30.9 9.7 8.5 7.7 522 1573
HSINCHU (TW-AFB) 24.82N 120.93E 8 9.1 10.2 33.1 27.9 32.6 27.7 32.1 27.5 28.9 32.0 28.3 31.5 28.0 24.2 31.5 27.2 23.0 30.9 13.5 12.0 10.8 275 1846
HSINCHU CITY 24.83N 120.93E 27 8.8 10.1 33.8 27.1 33.1 27.0 32.4 26.7 28.0 32.5 27.5 31.9 26.7 22.4 31.0 26.2 21.7 30.5 10.0 8.8 7.6 281 1832
KANGSHAN (TW-AFB) 22.78N 120.27E 10 9.9 11.2 33.2 27.2 32.9 27.1 32.1 26.9 28.2 31.4 27.9 31.2 27.2 23.0 30.2 27.0 22.7 30.1 8.7 7.3 6.4 79 2262
KAOHSIUNG 22.63N 120.28E 29 12.5 13.8 32.7 27.1 32.2 27.1 31.8 27.0 28.1 31.4 27.7 31.1 27.2 23.0 30.3 26.7 22.4 30.1 7.1 6.1 5.3 34 2516
KAOHSIUNG INTL ARPT 22.58N 120.35E 9 11.9 13.0 33.2 26.6 33.0 26.6 32.2 26.3 27.7 31.0 27.4 30.9 27.0 22.8 29.8 26.2 21.7 29.5 8.6 7.3 6.3 37 2548
PINGTUNG NORTH(AFB) 22.70N 120.48E 29 11.1 12.7 34.4 27.3 34.0 27.2 33.2 26.9 28.2 32.8 27.8 32.3 27.1 22.9 30.6 26.7 22.3 30.3 7.4 6.1 5.2 40 2512
PINGTUNG SOUTH AFB 22.68N 120.47E 24 11.8 13.0 35.0 27.3 34.2 27.1 33.7 26.9 28.3 33.0 27.9 32.5 27.1 23.0 30.9 26.8 22.5 30.5 7.4 6.2 5.3 31 2623
SUNGSHAN/TAIPEI 25.07N 121.55E 6 9.1 10.7 35.1 26.7 34.2 26.7 33.7 26.6 28.1 32.7 27.6 32.0 27.0 22.7 30.5 26.2 21.7 29.9 9.0 7.9 7.2 223 2077
TAIBEI 25.03N 121.52E 9 9.7 10.8 35.0 26.8 34.1 26.6 33.4 26.4 27.7 33.1 27.2 32.4 26.3 21.8 30.5 25.9 21.3 30.2 7.8 7.0 6.3 218 2078
TAICHUNG (TW-AFB) 24.18N 120.65E 112 8.0 9.2 34.2 27.8 33.9 27.8 33.1 27.5 29.0 33.2 28.4 32.7 27.9 24.3 32.4 27.2 23.2 31.7 9.2 8.0 7.1 181 2081
TAINAN 23.00N 120.22E 14 10.7 12.0 33.5 27.2 33.0 27.1 32.5 26.9 28.2 31.7 27.9 31.5 27.4 23.3 30.4 27.0 22.7 30.2 8.5 7.3 6.4 78 2470
TAINAN (TW-AFB) 22.95N 120.20E 19 10.2 11.8 33.5 27.7 33.0 27.6 32.3 27.3 28.7 32.2 28.2 31.7 27.8 23.9 31.4 27.2 23.0 30.8 9.4 8.2 7.3 72 2375
TAIZHONG 24.15N 120.68E 78 9.5 10.9 33.4 26.3 32.9 26.2 32.4 26.0 27.1 31.9 26.7 31.4 25.8 21.3 29.6 25.5 20.9 29.4 4.9 4.3 3.9 137 2177
TAOYUAN AB (=589650) 25.07N 121.23E 45 8.8 9.8 34.0 28.1 33.2 27.8 32.7 27.6 29.1 32.7 28.5 32.3 28.1 24.4 32.2 27.2 23.1 31.5 12.1 10.7 9.8 323 1821
WU-CHI OBSERVATORY 24.25N 120.52E 5 10.0 11.1 32.8 27.3 32.3 27.2 31.9 27.1 28.2 31.7 27.8 31.4 27.2 23.0 30.8 26.7 22.3 30.6 15.6 13.9 12.4 203 1968
WUCHIA OBSERVATORY 24.27N 120.62E 5 7.9 9.0 32.2 27.2 31.8 27.1 31.1 26.9 28.3 30.9 27.7 30.5 27.6 23.6 30.6 27.0 22.6 30.2 12.4 10.5 9.4 312 1652
Tajikistan 1 site, 2 more on CD-ROM
DUSHANBE 38.55N 68.78E 800 -7.9 -5.2 37.7 19.3 36.2 19.0 35.1 18.7 22.6 33.6 21.4 32.4 18.9 15.1 29.7 17.5 13.8 28.2 6.5 5.3 4.3 1900 937

Heating DB
Tanzania, United Republic of 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
DAR ES SALAAM AIRPO 6.87S 39.20E 53 17.8 18.5 33.2 25.6 32.7 25.5 32.1 25.2 26.7 30.7 26.5 30.3 25.9 21.4 28.3 25.4 20.7 27.9 9.0 8.2 7.5 0 2879
Thailand 2 sites, 67 more on CD-ROM
BANGKOK METROPOLIS 13.73N 100.57E 4 19.7 21.1 35.9 26.5 35.2 26.4 34.6 26.3 28.1 32.9 27.7 32.4 27.0 22.7 30.5 26.6 22.2 30.2 6.0 5.2 4.5 0 3930
DON MUANG 13.92N 100.60E 12 19.4 20.9 37.2 26.3 36.3 26.4 35.8 26.4 29.6 33.8 29.0 33.2 28.7 25.2 32.0 28.1 24.3 31.4 7.9 6.9 6.1 0 3958
Togo 1 site, 0 more on CD-ROM
LOME 6.17N 1.25E 25 21.3 22.1 33.2 26.3 32.9 26.6 32.2 26.5 28.2 30.9 28.0 30.7 27.8 24.0 29.6 27.2 23.1 29.3 8.3 7.4 6.8 0 3380
Tunisia 1 site, 14 more on CD-ROM
TUNIS-CARTHAGE 36.83N 10.23E 4 5.1 6.2 37.6 22.6 35.4 22.6 33.9 22.4 25.7 31.2 25.0 30.5 24.2 19.1 28.1 23.5 18.3 27.7 11.6 10.3 9.1 778 1225
Turkey 18 sites, 38 more on CD-ROM
ADANA 36.98N 35.30E 20 1.1 2.9 36.9 22.2 35.2 23.0 34.1 23.4 26.5 32.2 26.1 31.5 25.1 20.2 28.8 24.2 19.2 28.2 7.9 6.7 6.0 924 1497
ADANA/INCIRLIK AB 37.00N 35.43E 73 0.1 1.8 36.9 22.4 35.1 22.7 34.0 23.1 26.6 32.2 26.1 31.5 25.1 20.4 29.0 24.2 19.3 28.8 8.3 7.2 6.2 1091 1318
ANTALYA 36.87N 30.73E 54 1.8 3.0 38.2 20.4 36.7 20.5 34.9 20.6 26.3 30.7 25.8 30.2 25.1 20.3 29.5 24.2 19.3 29.1 10.6 9.1 7.8 1029 1254
BURSA 40.18N 29.07E 100 -3.2 -2.0 34.4 22.0 32.9 21.7 31.6 21.3 23.7 31.6 22.9 30.7 21.1 15.9 28.4 20.2 15.1 27.3 7.4 6.2 5.3 1955 644
DIYARBAKIR 37.88N 40.18E 677 -8.9 -6.0 40.2 19.7 39.1 19.6 38.0 19.5 23.0 36.3 21.9 35.8 18.2 14.2 32.3 16.8 13.0 30.8 9.1 7.9 6.9 2155 1199
ERZURUM 39.95N 41.17E 1758 -29.1 -26.2 30.2 15.4 28.8 15.2 27.1 14.8 17.6 26.8 16.6 25.9 14.0 12.4 22.9 12.9 11.5 21.5 10.3 9.4 8.4 5001 73
ESENBOGA 40.12N 33.00E 949 -14.8 -11.2 33.7 17.3 31.9 17.1 30.1 16.7 19.2 29.4 18.3 28.6 15.2 12.1 23.4 14.2 11.3 22.8 8.9 7.6 6.7 3215 275
ESKISEHIR 39.78N 30.57E 786 -10.3 -8.1 33.2 19.5 31.8 19.2 30.1 18.5 21.6 30.2 20.7 28.7 18.9 15.1 25.8 17.8 14.1 25.2 8.9 7.9 7.1 2859 349
ETIMESGUT 39.95N 32.68E 806 -10.8 -8.6 34.8 18.1 32.9 17.9 31.2 17.4 20.2 30.4 19.3 29.3 16.7 13.1 25.1 15.5 12.1 24.0 8.9 7.7 6.4 2826 429
GAZIANTEP 37.08N 37.37E 701 -4.8 -3.0 39.0 21.5 37.6 20.9 36.2 20.5 23.5 36.2 22.5 35.3 19.1 15.1 32.3 17.9 14.0 31.5 8.3 7.3 6.3 1935 1180
ISTANBUL/ATATURK 40.97N 28.82E 37 -2.0 -0.5 31.8 21.5 30.2 21.3 29.1 21.0 24.5 27.9 23.5 27.3 23.2 18.1 26.4 22.2 16.9 25.7 11.2 10.0 9.1 1868 671
IZMIR/A. MENDERES 38.27N 27.15E 120 -2.8 -1.1 37.1 20.7 35.8 20.4 34.4 20.1 22.6 33.1 21.7 32.2 19.2 14.2 26.2 18.2 13.3 25.9 11.9 10.8 10.0 1556 1016
IZMIR/CIGLI 38.52N 27.02E 5 -1.8 -0.2 36.8 21.6 35.2 21.4 34.0 21.1 23.7 33.0 22.9 32.2 20.8 15.5 28.5 19.8 14.6 28.0 10.4 9.3 8.4 1369 1029
KAYSERI/ERKILET 38.82N 35.43E 1054 -16.0 -12.6 34.1 17.5 32.5 17.2 30.9 16.7 19.2 30.0 18.3 29.1 15.6 12.6 23.3 14.3 11.6 22.6 9.2 7.4 5.8 3104 289
KONYA 37.97N 32.55E 1031 -12.7 -9.9 34.1 16.9 32.6 16.8 31.0 16.4 19.1 30.1 17.9 29.1 15.0 12.0 24.3 13.6 11.0 22.8 11.4 9.7 8.6 2852 484
MALATYA/ERHAC 38.43N 38.08E 849 -11.5 -8.6 37.9 19.6 36.4 19.0 35.1 18.8 22.4 34.8 21.0 33.4 17.9 14.2 32.6 16.1 12.7 29.9 10.0 8.7 7.4 2616 821
SAMSUN 41.28N 36.30E 4 -0.9 0.2 28.2 22.5 27.3 22.3 26.6 22.0 23.9 27.0 23.3 26.5 22.9 17.6 26.5 22.1 16.8 26.0 8.1 6.8 5.7 1959 411
VAN 38.47N 43.35E 1662 -13.5 -11.6 29.0 18.9 27.9 18.9 26.9 18.7 21.9 26.9 20.7 26.3 20.2 18.2 26.1 18.8 16.7 25.6 8.5 7.0 5.5 3489 232
Turkmenistan 1 site, 18 more on CD-ROM
ASHGABAT KESHI 37.99N 58.36E 211 -7.0 -4.5 40.2 19.7 38.9 19.6 37.7 19.4 23.1 34.7 22.2 33.6 19.0 14.2 29.5 18.0 13.3 29.3 9.3 8.1 7.1 1856 1467
Ukraine 15 sites, 29 more on CD-ROM
CHERNIHIV 51.47N 31.25E 141 -20.0 -16.9 30.5 20.1 28.6 19.5 26.8 18.7 21.5 28.2 20.6 26.7 19.3 14.3 24.4 18.4 13.5 23.3 8.8 7.8 7.0 4096 180
DNIPROPETROVSK 48.60N 34.97E 143 -17.7 -15.0 33.1 20.9 31.0 20.3 29.3 19.6 22.3 29.8 21.4 28.6 20.0 14.9 25.5 19.1 14.1 24.4 11.1 9.7 8.8 3692 354
DONETSK 48.07N 37.77E 225 -18.7 -15.8 32.6 19.5 30.5 19.2 28.7 18.7 21.4 28.5 20.5 27.4 19.0 14.2 23.9 18.2 13.5 23.0 12.1 10.2 8.8 3859 301
KHARKIV 49.97N 36.13E 155 -19.6 -16.7 32.2 19.7 30.1 19.1 28.2 18.6 21.2 28.2 20.4 27.0 19.0 14.0 23.5 18.2 13.3 23.1 9.6 8.4 7.7 3973 272
KHERSON 46.63N 32.57E 54 -15.4 -12.7 33.8 21.3 31.8 20.5 30.0 19.8 22.6 30.3 21.7 29.0 20.4 15.2 25.0 19.5 14.3 24.4 9.3 8.0 6.8 3290 398
KRYVYI RIH 48.03N 33.22E 124 -17.8 -15.1 32.7 20.4 30.8 19.8 29.2 19.1 22.0 29.0 21.0 28.0 19.7 14.6 24.9 18.7 13.7 23.9 11.3 9.9 8.4 3673 309
KYIV 50.40N 30.57E 167 -17.5 -14.6 30.7 20.3 28.8 19.7 27.0 18.9 21.6 27.8 20.7 26.7 19.6 14.6 24.4 18.7 13.8 23.4 8.5 7.3 6.4 3823 222
LUHANSK 48.57N 39.25E 62 -20.6 -17.2 34.4 20.6 32.1 20.0 30.1 19.3 22.0 30.2 21.2 29.4 19.5 14.3 25.0 18.6 13.6 24.1 9.7 7.7 6.5 3769 344
LVIV 49.82N 23.95E 323 -17.0 -13.9 28.9 20.1 27.1 19.2 25.3 18.2 21.1 26.9 20.0 25.3 19.0 14.4 23.9 18.0 13.5 22.7 9.5 8.2 7.2 3887 102
MARIUPOL 47.03N 37.50E 70 -15.3 -12.9 31.5 21.7 29.8 21.5 28.2 20.9 23.7 28.5 22.7 27.6 22.2 17.0 26.4 21.1 15.9 25.7 13.7 12.1 10.3 3521 378
ODESA 46.43N 30.77E 42 -13.3 -10.7 32.1 20.7 30.2 20.1 28.8 19.7 22.9 27.6 22.0 26.8 21.4 16.2 25.2 20.3 15.1 24.4 10.7 9.2 8.2 3169 384
POLTAVA 49.60N 34.55E 160 -19.2 -16.0 31.5 20.2 29.6 19.5 27.8 18.9 21.7 28.4 20.8 27.2 19.4 14.4 24.7 18.6 13.7 23.8 9.6 8.1 6.9 3918 255
SIMFEROPOL 45.02N 33.98E 181 -12.2 -9.9 33.1 20.3 31.1 19.8 29.3 19.1 22.2 28.3 21.2 27.6 20.4 15.4 24.4 19.2 14.3 23.4 12.4 10.8 9.5 3027 366
VINNYTSIA 49.23N 28.60E 298 -18.8 -15.5 29.4 19.6 27.6 19.0 26.1 18.4 21.0 27.2 20.1 25.7 18.9 14.2 23.8 18.0 13.4 22.7 10.9 9.2 8.0 4011 143
ZAPORIZHZHIA 47.80N 35.02E 112 -17.5 -14.7 33.6 20.4 31.5 19.8 29.8 19.3 22.1 29.3 21.2 28.4 19.9 14.8 24.8 19.0 14.0 23.8 9.8 8.6 7.7 3583 364
United Arab Emirates 5 sites, 2 more on CD-ROM
ABU DHABI BATEEN AI 24.43N 54.47E 5 13.1 14.2 43.8 23.5 42.2 23.9 40.9 24.1 30.8 34.6 30.3 34.4 30.0 27.2 33.4 29.2 26.0 33.2 9.4 8.3 7.4 18 3578
ABU DHABI INTER. AI 24.43N 54.65E 27 11.5 12.8 44.9 23.0 43.3 23.3 42.1 23.5 30.5 35.3 29.9 34.7 29.2 26.1 33.4 28.9 25.5 33.2 9.4 8.4 7.6 32 3608
AL AIN INTERNATIONA 24.27N 55.60E 265 10.9 12.0 46.0 23.0 45.1 23.0 44.1 22.9 29.1 36.2 28.3 36.0 27.8 24.7 32.5 26.5 22.7 32.4 10.3 9.1 8.1 43 3966
DUBAI INTERNATIONAL 25.25N 55.33E 10 12.9 13.9 42.9 23.6 41.4 24.0 40.2 24.3 30.3 35.0 29.8 34.6 29.2 25.9 33.3 28.8 25.3 33.3 9.1 8.1 7.3 21 3568
SHARJAH INTER. AIRP 25.33N 55.52E 34 9.9 11.1 44.1 23.8 42.9 23.8 41.8 24.2 29.9 36.4 29.3 35.8 28.6 25.2 33.1 27.9 24.1 32.9 8.2 7.2 6.4 51 3388
United Kingdom 25 sites, 187 more on CD-ROM
AUGHTON 53.55N 2.92W 56 -2.9 -1.5 24.5 17.4 22.4 16.7 20.5 15.9 18.3 23.0 17.4 21.2 16.7 12.0 19.4 15.8 11.3 18.7 11.5 10.2 9.1 3193 18
BINGLEY NO.2 53.82N 1.87W 267 -4.2 -2.9 23.6 17.1 21.5 16.2 19.8 15.3 18.0 21.7 16.9 20.3 16.6 12.2 19.2 15.6 11.4 18.1 12.4 10.8 9.4 3641 9
BIRMINGHAM AIRPORT 52.45N 1.73W 99 -5.1 -3.2 26.2 17.8 24.2 16.9 22.5 16.3 18.8 24.2 17.9 22.6 17.0 12.3 20.4 16.1 11.6 19.6 10.0 8.8 7.9 3152 29
BRISTOL 51.38N 2.72W 190 -3.8 -2.1 25.2 17.6 23.1 16.8 21.2 16.1 18.7 23.0 17.7 21.4 17.2 12.5 19.6 16.2 11.8 18.5 12.0 10.6 9.6 3052 25
135
136


Heating DB
BRISTOL WEA CENTER 51.47N 2.60W 11 -2.2 -0.7 26.6 18.2 24.6 17.2 22.9 16.5 19.2 24.2 18.1 22.5 17.3 12.4 20.7 16.5 11.8 19.8 10.4 9.0 7.9 2637 54
CARDIFF WEATHER CEN 51.48N 3.18W 52 -1.0 0.1 26.2 18.2 24.3 17.4 22.7 16.6 19.2 24.5 18.2 22.6 17.3 12.5 20.8 16.6 11.9 19.9 11.7 10.2 9.0 2531 57
CARDIFF-WALES ARPT 51.40N 3.35W 67 -2.8 -1.3 24.2 17.7 22.3 16.8 20.9 16.3 18.6 22.5 17.7 20.8 17.2 12.4 19.6 16.8 12.0 19.0 13.0 11.4 10.1 2932 21
CHURCH LAWFORD 52.37N 1.33W 106 -4.6 -3.1 26.4 18.6 24.3 17.4 22.5 16.6 19.3 24.3 18.3 22.7 17.7 12.8 20.5 16.6 11.9 19.8 9.8 8.4 7.4 3158 29
CILFYNYDD 51.63N 3.30W 194 -4.1 -2.6 25.5 18.0 23.4 16.8 21.5 16.1 18.8 23.8 17.6 21.7 17.1 12.5 20.1 16.2 11.8 18.8 11.5 9.9 8.7 3277 22
CROSBY 53.50N 3.07W 9 -3.6 -2.0 24.3 18.1 22.2 17.4 20.5 16.7 19.1 22.7 18.1 21.0 17.9 12.9 20.2 17.0 12.1 19.4 17.4 15.0 13.3 2963 18
EAST MIDLANDS 52.83N 1.32W 93 -3.9 -2.2 26.2 18.0 24.1 17.0 22.2 16.2 18.9 24.5 18.0 22.5 17.1 12.3 20.7 16.1 11.6 19.7 12.5 10.9 9.7 3088 35
EDINBURGH AIRPORT 55.95N 3.35W 41 -5.6 -3.6 22.2 16.6 20.7 15.9 19.2 15.0 17.6 21.0 16.7 19.5 16.2 11.6 18.9 15.4 11.0 18.1 12.4 10.8 9.5 3456 4
EMLEY MOOR 53.62N 1.67W 259 -3.3 -2.3 23.8 17.5 21.8 16.6 20.2 15.7 18.3 22.1 17.2 20.7 16.8 12.3 19.9 15.8 11.5 18.8 14.8 12.9 10.9 3491 14
GLASGOW AIRPORT 55.87N 4.43W 8 -6.1 -4.1 23.1 17.1 21.1 16.2 19.7 15.4 18.0 21.7 17.0 20.0 16.7 11.9 19.7 15.8 11.2 18.8 12.8 11.2 9.8 3418 7
GRAVESEND-BROADNESS 51.47N 0.30E 3 -2.3 -1.2 27.9 19.9 25.8 18.8 24.0 17.9 20.8 26.2 19.7 24.3 18.9 13.7 22.9 17.8 12.8 21.8 10.9 9.7 8.6 2593 82
HAWARDEN 53.17N 2.98W 9 -4.7 -2.9 25.1 18.3 23.1 17.5 21.4 16.7 19.4 23.3 18.3 21.9 18.0 12.9 21.0 16.8 12.0 20.0 10.4 9.1 8.1 3062 18
KENLEY AIRFIELD 51.30N 0.08W 170 -3.1 -1.9 26.3 17.9 24.4 17.1 22.7 16.4 19.0 24.2 18.0 22.6 17.2 12.5 20.4 16.3 11.8 19.7 10.7 9.4 8.3 2972 43
LECONFIELD 53.87N 0.43W 7 -3.8 -2.2 24.9 18.2 23.1 17.3 21.5 16.4 19.0 23.1 18.0 21.9 17.4 12.5 20.5 16.5 11.7 19.5 12.4 10.8 9.6 3199 16
LEEDS BRADFORD 53.87N 1.65W 208 -3.8 -2.2 24.0 17.6 22.0 16.5 20.1 15.7 18.3 22.0 17.2 20.9 16.9 12.4 20.0 16.0 11.6 18.7 12.9 11.1 9.7 3433 13
LEEDS WEATHER CTR 53.80N 1.55W 47 -2.3 -1.1 26.1 17.9 24.1 16.9 22.4 16.1 18.7 24.3 17.7 22.8 16.7 11.9 20.8 15.7 11.2 19.6 13.0 11.0 9.4 2943 39
LIVERPOOL 53.33N 2.85W 24 -3.0 -1.2 25.1 17.8 23.0 16.8 21.2 16.2 18.6 23.4 17.7 21.8 16.9 12.1 20.5 16.0 11.4 19.8 13.3 11.4 10.0 2938 28
LONDON WEATHER CENT 51.52N 0.10W 43 -0.6 0.4 28.2 18.3 26.2 17.6 24.4 16.8 19.4 25.6 18.6 24.1 17.2 12.3 21.7 16.4 11.7 21.0 9.3 8.3 7.4 2322 123
LONDON/HEATHROW AIR 51.48N 0.45W 25 -2.8 -1.5 28.2 18.6 26.2 17.7 24.4 17.0 19.7 26.0 18.7 24.0 17.5 12.5 21.3 16.7 11.9 20.7 10.2 8.9 8.0 2629 90
MANCHESTER AIRPORT 53.35N 2.28W 69 -4.1 -2.4 25.5 17.8 23.4 16.9 21.7 16.1 18.6 23.5 17.7 22.0 16.9 12.2 20.3 16.0 11.5 19.3 11.1 9.8 8.8 3118 28
NORTHOLT 51.55N 0.42W 39 -4.0 -2.6 28.1 18.5 26.0 17.7 24.1 17.0 19.7 25.7 18.7 23.9 17.5 12.6 21.4 16.7 11.9 20.7 10.3 9.2 8.2 2812 68
Uruguay 2 sites, 9 more on CD-ROM
CARRASCO 34.83S 56.00W 32 1.2 2.8 31.4 21.6 29.9 21.4 28.2 20.9 24.1 28.1 23.2 26.8 23.0 17.8 25.8 22.1 16.9 24.8 12.8 10.8 9.7 1221 468
PRADO 34.85S 56.20W 16 2.9 4.2 31.6 22.6 30.2 22.0 28.9 21.7 24.2 29.4 23.5 28.0 22.7 17.5 26.5 22.1 16.8 26.0 10.3 8.7 7.7 1104 576
Uzbekistan 3 sites, 15 more on CD-ROM
NAMANGAN 40.98N 71.58E 474 -8.2 -5.9 36.6 21.4 35.3 21.0 34.2 20.6 23.2 33.1 22.3 32.6 19.8 15.4 29.9 18.7 14.4 29.0 7.2 5.6 4.3 2220 1085
SAMARKAND 39.57N 66.95E 724 -10.0 -7.1 36.1 18.9 34.9 18.7 33.7 18.3 20.7 32.6 19.9 31.6 16.9 13.1 25.4 15.8 12.3 24.5 9.8 8.5 7.3 2211 827
TASHKENT 41.27N 69.27E 466 -9.4 -6.9 38.2 19.8 37.1 19.4 35.8 19.2 22.4 33.8 21.3 32.9 18.6 14.2 29.0 17.3 13.1 27.1 6.2 5.2 4.4 2099 1027
Venezuela 2 sites, 1 more on CD-ROM
CARACAS/MAIQUETIA A 10.60N 66.98W 48 20.8 21.2 33.9 28.0 33.1 27.7 32.7 27.6 29.9 32.0 29.2 31.5 29.2 26.1 31.2 28.9 25.6 30.9 4.3 3.5 3.3 0 3334
SAN ANTONIO DEL TAC 7.85N 72.45W 378 20.0 20.8 34.9 23.6 34.2 23.4 33.8 23.3 26.3 31.4 25.7 31.0 25.1 21.2 28.9 24.2 20.1 27.9 12.2 10.7 9.8 0 3278
Viet Nam 4 sites, 21 more on CD-ROM
DA NANG 16.07N 108.35E 7 16.6 17.5 36.1 26.1 35.1 26.3 34.1 26.3 28.0 32.3 27.6 31.9 27.0 22.7 30.5 26.5 22.0 30.0 7.5 6.3 5.4 3 2913
HA NOI 21.03N 105.80E 6 10.1 11.1 35.9 27.4 34.8 27.5 33.9 27.4 29.3 32.6 28.8 32.1 28.8 25.3 31.2 28.1 24.2 30.7 7.0 6.0 5.2 161 2376
PHU LIEN 20.80N 106.63E 116 9.9 11.0 34.0 28.8 33.1 28.6 32.3 28.3 30.0 32.6 29.3 31.9 29.2 26.4 32.0 28.6 25.4 31.3 6.8 5.4 4.5 162 2193
TAN SON HOA 10.82N 106.67E 5 20.0 21.1 35.4 25.8 34.7 25.8 34.0 25.7 28.0 31.8 27.6 31.4 27.1 22.8 29.8 26.7 22.3 29.6 11.8 8.5 6.9 0 3598
Zimbabwe 1 site, 1 more on CD-ROM
HARARE (KUTSAGA) 17.92S 31.13E 1480 6.7 7.8 30.9 16.4 29.9 16.4 28.9 16.3 20.2 25.2 19.7 24.6 19.0 16.6 21.2 18.5 16.0 20.9 9.0 7.9 7.1 336 763
Appendix D—
Thermodynamic Properties
of Water at Saturation
Table D-1 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
Specific Volume, m3/kgw Specific Enthalpy, kJ/kgw Specific Entropy, kJ/(kgw ·K)
Temp., Absolute Temp.,
°C Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor °C
t pws, kPa vi /vf vig /vfg vg hi /hf hig /hfg hg si /sf sig /sfg sg t
–60 0.00108 0.001081 90971.58 90971.58 –446.12 2836.27 2390.14 –1.6842 13.3064 11.6222 –60
–59 0.00124 0.001082 79885.31 79885.31 –444.46 2836.45 2391.99 –1.6764 13.2452 11.5687 –59
–58 0.00141 0.001082 70235.77 70235.78 –442.79 2836.63 2393.85 –1.6687 13.1845 11.5158 –58
–57 0.00161 0.001082 61826.23 61826.24 –441.11 2836.81 2395.70 –1.6609 13.1243 11.4634 –57
–56 0.00184 0.001082 54488.28 54488.28 –439.42 2836.97 2397.55 –1.6531 13.0646 11.4115 –56
–55 0.00209 0.001082 48077.54 48077.54 –437.73 2837.13 2399.40 –1.6453 13.0054 11.3601 –55
–54 0.00238 0.001082 42470.11 42470.11 –436.03 2837.28 2401.25 –1.6375 12.9468 11.3092 –54
–53 0.00271 0.001082 37559.49 37559.50 –434.32 2837.42 2403.10 –1.6298 12.8886 11.2589 –53
–52 0.00307 0.001083 33254.07 33254.07 –432.61 2837.56 2404.95 –1.6220 12.8310 11.2090 –52
–51 0.00348 0.001083 29474.87 29474.87 –430.88 2837.69 2406.81 –1.6142 12.7738 11.1596 –51
–50 0.00394 0.001083 26153.80 26153.80 –429.16 2837.81 2408.66 –1.6065 12.7171 11.1106 –50
–49 0.00445 0.001083 23232.03 23232.04 –427.42 2837.93 2410.51 –1.5987 12.6609 11.0622 –49
–48 0.00503 0.001083 20658.70 20658.70 –425.68 2838.04 2412.36 –1.5909 12.6051 11.0142 –48
–47 0.00568 0.001083 18389.75 18389.75 –423.93 2838.14 2414.21 –1.5832 12.5498 10.9666 –47
–46 0.00640 0.001083 16387.03 16387.03 –422.17 2838.23 2416.06 –1.5754 12.4950 10.9196 –46
–45 0.00720 0.001084 14617.39 14617.39 –420.40 2838.32 2417.91 –1.5677 12.4406 10.8729 –45
–44 0.00810 0.001084 13052.07 13052.07 –418.63 2838.39 2419.76 –1.5599 12.3867 10.8267 –44
–43 0.00910 0.001084 11666.02 11666.02 –416.85 2838.47 2421.62 –1.5522 12.3331 10.7810 –43
–42 0.01022 0.001084 10437.46 10437.46 –415.06 2838.53 2423.47 –1.5444 12.2801 10.7356 –42
–41 0.01146 0.001084 9347.38 9347.38 –413.27 2838.59 2425.32 –1.5367 12.2274 10.6907 –41
–40 0.01284 0.001084 8379.20 8379.20 –411.47 2838.64 2427.17 –1.5289 12.1752 10.6462 –40
–39 0.01437 0.001085 7518.44 7518.44 –409.66 2838.68 2429.02 –1.5212 12.1234 10.6022 –39
–38 0.01607 0.001085 6752.43 6752.43 –407.85 2838.72 2430.87 –1.5135 12.0720 10.5585 –38
–37 0.01795 0.001085 6070.08 6070.08 –406.02 2838.74 2432.72 –1.5057 12.0210 10.5152 –37
–36 0.02004 0.001085 5461.68 5461.68 –404.19 2838.76 2434.57 –1.4980 11.9704 10.4724 –36
–35 0.02234 0.001085 4918.69 4918.69 –402.36 2838.78 2436.42 –1.4903 11.9202 10.4299 –35
–34 0.02489 0.001085 4433.64 4433.64 –400.51 2838.78 2438.27 –1.4825 11.8703 10.3878 –34
–33 0.02771 0.001085 3999.95 3999.95 –398.66 2838.78 2440.12 –1.4748 11.8209 10.3461 –33
–32 0.03081 0.001086 3611.82 3611.82 –396.80 2838.77 2441.97 –1.4671 11.7718 10.3047 –32
–31 0.03423 0.001086 3264.15 3264.16 –394.94 2838.75 2443.82 –1.4594 11.7231 10.2638 –31
–30 0.03801 0.001086 2952.46 2952.46 –393.06 2838.73 2445.67 –1.4516 11.6748 10.2232 –30
–29 0.04215 0.001086 2672.77 2672.77 –391.18 2838.70 2447.51 –1.4439 11.6269 10.1830 –29
–28 0.04672 0.001086 2421.58 2421.58 –389.29 2838.66 2449.36 –1.4362 11.5793 10.1431 –28
–27 0.05173 0.001086 2195.80 2195.80 –387.40 2838.61 2451.21 –1.4285 11.5321 10.1036 –27
–26 0.05724 0.001087 1992.68 1992.68 –385.50 2838.56 2453.06 –1.4208 11.4852 10.0644 –26
–25 0.06327 0.001087 1809.79 1809.79 –383.59 2838.49 2454.91 –1.4131 11.4386 10.0256 –25
–24 0.06989 0.001087 1644.99 1644.99 –381.67 2838.42 2456.75 –1.4054 11.3925 9.9871 –24
–23 0.07714 0.001087 1496.36 1496.36 –379.75 2838.35 2458.60 –1.3977 11.3466 9.9489 –23
–22 0.08508 0.001087 1362.21 1362.21 –377.81 2838.26 2460.45 –1.3899 11.3011 9.9111 –22
–21 0.09376 0.001087 1241.03 1241.03 –375.88 2838.17 2462.29 –1.3822 11.2559 9.8736 –21
–20 0.10324 0.001087 1131.49 1131.49 –373.93 2838.07 2464.14 –1.3745 11.2110 9.8365 –20
–19 0.11360 0.001088 1032.38 1032.38 –371.98 2837.96 2465.98 –1.3668 11.1665 9.7996 –19
–18 0.12490 0.001088 942.64 942.65 –370.01 2837.84 2467.83 –1.3591 11.1223 9.7631 –18
–17 0.13722 0.001088 861.34 861.34 –368.05 2837.72 2469.67 –1.3514 11.0784 9.7269 –17
–16 0.15065 0.001088 787.61 787.61 –366.07 2837.59 2471.51 –1.3437 11.0348 9.6910 –16
–15 0.16527 0.001088 720.70 720.70 –364.09 2837.45 2473.36 –1.3360 10.9915 9.6554 –15
–14 0.18119 0.001088 659.94 659.94 –362.10 2837.30 2475.20 –1.3284 10.9485 9.6201 –14
–13 0.19849 0.001089 604.72 604.73 –360.10 2837.14 2477.04 –1.3207 10.9058 9.5851 –13
138 Appendix D Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
Table D-1 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation (Continued)

–12 0.21729 0.001089 554.51 554.51 –358.10 2836.98 2478.88 –1.3130 10.8634 9.5504 –12
–11 0.23771 0.001089 508.81 508.81 –356.08 2836.80 2480.72 –1.3053 10.8213 9.5160 –11
–10 0.25987 0.001089 467.19 467.19 –354.06 2836.62 2482.56 –1.2976 10.7795 9.4819 –10
–9 0.28391 0.001089 429.25 429.26 –352.04 2836.44 2484.40 –1.2899 10.7380 9.4481 –9
–8 0.30995 0.001089 394.66 394.66 –350.00 2836.24 2486.23 –1.2822 10.6967 9.4145 –8
–7 0.33817 0.001090 363.09 363.09 –347.96 2836.03 2488.07 –1.2745 10.6558 9.3812 –7
–6 0.36871 0.001090 334.26 334.26 –345.91 2835.82 2489.91 –1.2668 10.6151 9.3482 –6
–5 0.40174 0.001090 307.92 307.92 –343.86 2835.60 2491.74 –1.2592 10.5747 9.3155 –5
–4 0.43745 0.001090 283.82 283.83 –341.79 2835.37 2493.57 –1.2515 10.5345 9.2830 –4
–3 0.47604 0.001090 261.78 261.78 –339.72 2835.13 2495.41 –1.2438 10.4946 9.2508 –3
–2 0.51770 0.001091 241.60 241.60 –337.64 2834.88 2497.24 –1.2361 10.4550 9.2189 –2
–1 0.56266 0.001091 223.10 223.11 –335.56 2834.63 2499.07 –1.2284 10.4157 9.1872 –1
0 0.61115 0.001091 206.15 206.15 –333.47 2834.36 2500.90 –1.2208 10.3766 9.1558 0
Transition from saturated solid to saturated liquid
0 0.6112 0.001000 206.139 206.140 –0.04 2500.93 2500.89 –0.0002 9.1559 9.1558 0
1 0.6571 0.001000 192.444 192.445 4.18 2498.55 2502.73 0.0153 9.1138 9.1291 1
2 0.7060 0.001000 179.763 179.764 8.39 2496.17 2504.57 0.0306 9.0721 9.1027 2
3 0.7581 0.001000 168.013 168.014 12.60 2493.80 2506.40 0.0459 9.0306 9.0765 3
4 0.8135 0.001000 157.120 157.121 16.81 2491.42 2508.24 0.0611 8.9895 9.0506 4
5 0.8726 0.001000 147.016 147.017 21.02 2489.05 2510.07 0.0763 8.9486 9.0249 5
6 0.9354 0.001000 137.637 137.638 25.22 2486.68 2511.91 0.0913 8.9081 8.9994 6
7 1.0021 0.001000 128.927 128.928 29.43 2484.31 2513.74 0.1064 8.8678 8.9742 7
8 1.0730 0.001000 120.833 120.834 33.63 2481.94 2515.57 0.1213 8.8278 8.9492 8
9 1.1483 0.001000 113.308 113.309 37.82 2479.58 2517.40 0.1362 8.7882 8.9244 9
10 1.2282 0.001000 106.308 106.309 42.02 2477.21 2519.23 0.1511 8.7488 8.8998 10
11 1.3129 0.001000 99.792 99.793 46.22 2474.84 2521.06 0.1659 8.7096 8.8755 11
12 1.4028 0.001001 93.723 93.724 50.41 2472.48 2522.89 0.1806 8.6708 8.8514 12
13 1.4981 0.001001 88.069 88.070 54.60 2470.11 2524.71 0.1953 8.6322 8.8275 13
14 1.5989 0.001001 82.797 82.798 58.79 2467.75 2526.54 0.2099 8.5939 8.8038 14
15 1.7057 0.001001 77.880 77.881 62.98 2465.38 2528.36 0.2245 8.5559 8.7804 15
16 1.8188 0.001001 73.290 73.291 67.17 2463.01 2530.19 0.2390 8.5181 8.7571 16
17 1.9383 0.001001 69.005 69.006 71.36 2460.65 2532.01 0.2534 8.4806 8.7341 17
18 2.0647 0.001001 65.002 65.003 75.55 2458.28 2533.83 0.2678 8.4434 8.7112 18
19 2.1982 0.001002 61.260 61.261 79.73 2455.92 2535.65 0.2822 8.4064 8.6886 19
20 2.3392 0.001002 57.760 57.761 83.92 2453.55 2537.47 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661 20
21 2.4881 0.001002 54.486 54.487 88.10 2451.18 2539.29 0.3108 8.3331 8.6439 21
22 2.6452 0.001002 51.421 51.422 92.29 2448.81 2541.10 0.3250 8.2969 8.6218 22
23 2.8109 0.001003 48.551 48.552 96.47 2446.45 2542.92 0.3391 8.2609 8.6000 23
24 2.9856 0.001003 45.862 45.863 100.66 2444.08 2544.73 0.3532 8.2251 8.5783 24
25 3.1697 0.001003 43.340 43.341 104.84 2441.71 2546.54 0.3673 8.1895 8.5568 25
26 3.3637 0.001003 40.976 40.977 109.02 2439.33 2548.35 0.3813 8.1542 8.5355 26
27 3.5679 0.001004 38.757 38.758 113.20 2436.96 2550.16 0.3952 8.1192 8.5144 27
28 3.7828 0.001004 36.674 36.675 117.38 2434.59 2551.97 0.4091 8.0843 8.4934 28
29 4.0089 0.001004 34.718 34.719 121.56 2432.21 2553.78 0.4230 8.0497 8.4727 29
30 4.2467 0.001004 32.881 32.882 125.75 2429.84 2555.58 0.4368 8.0153 8.4521 30
31 4.4966 0.001005 31.153 31.154 129.93 2427.46 2557.39 0.4506 7.9812 8.4317 31
32 4.7592 0.001005 29.528 29.529 134.11 2425.08 2559.19 0.4643 7.9472 8.4115 32
33 5.0351 0.001005 28.000 28.001 138.29 2422.70 2560.99 0.4780 7.9135 8.3914 33
34 5.3247 0.001006 26.561 26.562 142.47 2420.32 2562.79 0.4916 7.8800 8.3715 34
35 5.6286 0.001006 25.207 25.208 146.64 2417.94 2564.58 0.5052 7.8467 8.3518 35
36 5.9475 0.001006 23.931 23.932 150.82 2415.56 2566.38 0.5187 7.8136 8.3323 36
37 6.2818 0.001007 22.728 22.729 155.00 2413.17 2568.17 0.5322 7.7807 8.3129 37
38 6.6324 0.001007 21.594 21.595 159.18 2410.78 2569.96 0.5457 7.7480 8.2936 38
39 6.9997 0.001007 20.525 20.526 163.36 2408.39 2571.75 0.5591 7.7155 8.2746 39
40 7.3844 0.001008 19.516 19.517 167.54 2406.00 2573.54 0.5724 7.6832 8.2557 40
41 7.7873 0.001008 18.564 18.565 171.72 2403.61 2575.33 0.5858 7.6512 8.2369 41
42 8.2090 0.001009 17.664 17.665 175.90 2401.21 2577.11 0.5990 7.6193 8.2183 42
43 8.6503 0.001009 16.815 16.816 180.08 2398.82 2578.89 0.6123 7.5876 8.1999 43
44 9.1118 0.001009 16.012 16.013 184.26 2396.42 2580.67 0.6255 7.5561 8.1816 44
45 9.5944 0.001010 15.252 15.253 188.44 2394.02 2582.45 0.6386 7.5248 8.1634 45
46 10.0988 0.001010 14.534 14.535 192.62 2391.61 2584.23 0.6517 7.4937 8.1454 46
47 10.6259 0.001011 13.855 13.856 196.80 2389.21 2586.00 0.6648 7.4628 8.1276 47
48 11.1764 0.001011 13.212 13.213 200.98 2386.80 2587.77 0.6778 7.4320 8.1099 48

49 11.7512 0.001012 12.603 12.604 205.16 2384.39 2589.54 0.6908 7.4015 8.0923 49
50 12.3513 0.001012 12.027 12.028 209.34 2381.97 2591.31 0.7038 7.3711 8.0749 50
51 12.9774 0.001013 11.481 11.482 213.52 2379.56 2593.08 0.7167 7.3409 8.0576 51
52 13.6305 0.001013 10.963 10.964 217.70 2377.14 2594.84 0.7296 7.3109 8.0405 52
53 14.3116 0.001014 10.472 10.473 221.88 2374.72 2596.60 0.7424 7.2811 8.0235 53
54 15.0215 0.001014 10.006 10.007 226.06 2372.30 2598.35 0.7552 7.2514 8.0066 54
55 15.7614 0.001015 9.5639 9.5649 230.24 2369.87 2600.11 0.7680 7.2219 7.9899 55
56 16.5322 0.001015 9.1444 9.1454 234.42 2367.44 2601.86 0.7807 7.1926 7.9733 56
57 17.3350 0.001016 8.7461 8.7471 238.61 2365.01 2603.61 0.7934 7.1634 7.9568 57
58 18.1708 0.001016 8.3678 8.3688 242.79 2362.57 2605.36 0.8060 7.1344 7.9405 58
59 19.0407 0.001017 8.0083 8.0093 246.97 2360.13 2607.10 0.8186 7.1056 7.9243 59
60 19.9458 0.001017 7.6666 7.6677 251.15 2357.69 2608.85 0.8312 7.0770 7.9082 60
61 20.8873 0.001018 7.3418 7.3428 255.34 2355.25 2610.58 0.8438 7.0485 7.8922 61
62 21.8664 0.001018 7.0328 7.0338 259.52 2352.80 2612.32 0.8563 7.0201 7.8764 62
63 22.8842 0.001019 6.7389 6.7399 263.71 2350.35 2614.05 0.8687 6.9919 7.8607 63
64 23.9421 0.001019 6.4591 6.4601 267.89 2347.89 2615.78 0.8811 6.9639 7.8451 64
65 25.0411 0.001020 6.1928 6.1938 272.08 2345.43 2617.51 0.8935 6.9361 7.8296 65
66 26.1827 0.001020 5.9392 5.9402 276.27 2342.97 2619.23 0.9059 6.9083 7.8142 66
67 27.3680 0.001021 5.6976 5.6986 280.45 2340.50 2620.96 0.9182 6.8808 7.7990 67
68 28.5986 0.001022 5.4674 5.4684 284.64 2338.03 2622.67 0.9305 6.8534 7.7839 68
69 29.8756 0.001022 5.2479 5.2490 288.83 2335.56 2624.39 0.9428 6.8261 7.7689 69
70 31.2006 0.001023 5.0387 5.0397 293.02 2333.08 2626.10 0.9550 6.7990 7.7540 70
71 32.5750 0.001023 4.8392 4.8402 297.21 2330.60 2627.81 0.9672 6.7720 7.7392 71
72 34.0001 0.001024 4.6488 4.6498 301.40 2328.11 2629.51 0.9793 6.7452 7.7245 72
73 35.4775 0.001025 4.4671 4.4681 305.59 2325.62 2631.21 0.9915 6.7185 7.7100 73
74 37.0088 0.001025 4.2937 4.2947 309.78 2323.13 2632.91 1.0035 6.6920 7.6955 74
75 38.5954 0.001026 4.1281 4.1291 313.97 2320.63 2634.60 1.0156 6.6656 7.6812 75
76 40.2389 0.001026 3.9699 3.9709 318.17 2318.13 2636.29 1.0276 6.6393 7.6669 76
77 41.9409 0.001027 3.8188 3.8198 322.36 2315.62 2637.98 1.0396 6.6132 7.6528 77
78 43.7031 0.001028 3.6743 3.6754 326.56 2313.11 2639.66 1.0516 6.5872 7.6388 78
79 45.5271 0.001028 3.5363 3.5373 330.75 2310.59 2641.34 1.0635 6.5613 7.6248 79
80 47.4147 0.001029 3.4042 3.4053 334.95 2308.07 2643.01 1.0754 6.5356 7.6110 80
81 49.3676 0.001030 3.2780 3.2790 339.15 2305.54 2644.68 1.0873 6.5100 7.5973 81
82 51.3875 0.001030 3.1572 3.1582 343.34 2303.01 2646.35 1.0991 6.4846 7.5837 82
83 53.4762 0.001031 3.0415 3.0426 347.54 2300.47 2648.01 1.1109 6.4592 7.5701 83
84 55.6355 0.001032 2.9309 2.9319 351.74 2297.93 2649.67 1.1227 6.4340 7.5567 84
85 57.8675 0.001032 2.8249 2.8259 355.95 2295.38 2651.33 1.1344 6.4090 7.5434 85
86 60.1738 0.001033 2.7234 2.7244 360.15 2292.83 2652.98 1.1461 6.3840 7.5301 86
87 62.5565 0.001034 2.6262 2.6272 364.35 2290.27 2654.62 1.1578 6.3592 7.5170 87
88 65.0174 0.001035 2.5330 2.5341 368.56 2287.70 2656.26 1.1694 6.3345 7.5039 88
89 67.5587 0.001035 2.4437 2.4448 372.76 2285.14 2657.90 1.1811 6.3099 7.4909 89
90 70.1824 0.001036 2.3581 2.3591 376.97 2282.56 2659.53 1.1927 6.2854 7.4781 90
91 72.8904 0.001037 2.2760 2.2771 381.18 2279.98 2661.16 1.2042 6.2611 7.4653 91
92 75.6849 0.001037 2.1973 2.1983 385.38 2277.39 2662.78 1.2158 6.2368 7.4526 92
93 78.5681 0.001038 2.1217 2.1228 389.59 2274.80 2664.39 1.2273 6.2127 7.4400 93
94 81.5420 0.001039 2.0492 2.0502 393.81 2272.20 2666.01 1.2387 6.1887 7.4275 94
95 84.6089 0.001040 1.9796 1.9806 398.02 2269.60 2667.61 1.2502 6.1648 7.4150 95
96 87.7711 0.001040 1.9128 1.9138 402.23 2266.98 2669.22 1.2616 6.1411 7.4027 96
97 91.0308 0.001041 1.8486 1.8497 406.45 2264.37 2670.81 1.2730 6.1174 7.3904 97
98 94.3902 0.001042 1.7870 1.7880 410.66 2261.74 2672.40 1.2844 6.0938 7.3782 98
99 97.8518 0.001043 1.7277 1.7288 414.88 2259.11 2673.99 1.2957 6.0704 7.3661 99
100 101.4180 0.001043 1.6708 1.6719 419.10 2256.47 2675.57 1.3070 6.0471 7.3541 100
101 105.0910 0.001044 1.6161 1.6171 423.32 2253.83 2677.15 1.3183 6.0238 7.3421 101
102 108.8735 0.001045 1.5635 1.5645 427.54 2251.18 2678.72 1.3296 6.0007 7.3303 102
103 112.7678 0.001046 1.5129 1.5140 431.76 2248.52 2680.28 1.3408 5.9777 7.3185 103
104 116.7765 0.001047 1.4642 1.4653 435.99 2245.85 2681.84 1.3520 5.9548 7.3068 104
105 120.9021 0.001047 1.4174 1.4185 440.21 2243.18 2683.39 1.3632 5.9320 7.2951 105
106 125.1472 0.001048 1.3724 1.3734 444.44 2240.50 2684.94 1.3743 5.9092 7.2836 106
107 129.5145 0.001049 1.3290 1.3301 448.67 2237.81 2686.48 1.3854 5.8866 7.2721 107
108 134.0065 0.001050 1.2873 1.2883 452.90 2235.12 2688.02 1.3965 5.8641 7.2607 108
109 138.6261 0.001051 1.2471 1.2481 457.13 2232.41 2689.55 1.4076 5.8417 7.2493 109
110 143.3760 0.001052 1.2083 1.2094 461.36 2229.70 2691.07 1.4187 5.8194 7.2380 110
111 148.2588 0.001052 1.1710 1.1721 465.60 2226.99 2692.58 1.4297 5.7972 7.2268 111
112 153.2775 0.001053 1.1351 1.1362 469.83 2224.26 2694.09 1.4407 5.7750 7.2157 112
113 158.4348 0.001054 1.1005 1.1015 474.07 2221.53 2695.60 1.4517 5.7530 7.2047 113
114 163.7337 0.001055 1.0671 1.0681 478.31 2218.78 2697.09 1.4626 5.7310 7.1937 114
115 169.1770 0.001056 1.0349 1.0359 482.55 2216.03 2698.58 1.4735 5.7092 7.1827 115
140 Appendix D Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation

116 174.7678 0.001057 1.0038 1.0049 486.80 2213.27 2700.07 1.4844 5.6874 7.1719 116
117 180.5090 0.001058 0.9739 0.9750 491.04 2210.51 2701.55 1.4953 5.6658 7.1611 117
118 186.4036 0.001059 0.9450 0.9461 495.29 2207.73 2703.02 1.5062 5.6442 7.1504 118
119 192.4547 0.001059 0.9171 0.9182 499.53 2204.94 2704.48 1.5170 5.6227 7.1397 119
120 198.6654 0.001060 0.8902 0.8913 503.78 2202.15 2705.93 1.5278 5.6013 7.1291 120
122 211.5782 0.001062 0.8392 0.8403 512.29 2196.53 2708.82 1.5494 5.5587 7.1081 122
124 225.1676 0.001064 0.7916 0.7927 520.80 2190.88 2711.69 1.5708 5.5165 7.0873 124
126 239.4597 0.001066 0.7472 0.7483 529.32 2185.19 2714.52 1.5922 5.4746 7.0668 126
128 254.4813 0.001068 0.7058 0.7068 537.85 2179.47 2717.32 1.6134 5.4330 7.0465 128
130 270.2596 0.001070 0.6670 0.6681 546.39 2173.70 2720.09 1.6346 5.3918 7.0264 130
132 286.8226 0.001072 0.6308 0.6318 554.93 2167.89 2722.83 1.6557 5.3508 7.0066 132
134 304.1989 0.001074 0.5969 0.5979 563.49 2162.04 2725.53 1.6767 5.3102 6.9869 134
136 322.4175 0.001076 0.5651 0.5662 572.05 2156.15 2728.20 1.6977 5.2698 6.9675 136
138 341.5081 0.001078 0.5353 0.5364 580.62 2150.22 2730.84 1.7185 5.2298 6.9483 138
140 361.5010 0.001080 0.5074 0.5085 589.20 2144.24 2733.44 1.7393 5.1900 6.9293 140
142 382.4271 0.001082 0.4813 0.4823 597.79 2138.22 2736.01 1.7600 5.1505 6.9105 142
144 404.3178 0.001084 0.4567 0.4577 606.39 2132.15 2738.54 1.7806 5.1112 6.8918 144
146 427.2053 0.001086 0.4336 0.4346 615.00 2126.04 2741.04 1.8011 5.0723 6.8734 146
148 451.1220 0.001088 0.4118 0.4129 623.62 2119.88 2743.50 1.8216 5.0335 6.8551 148
150 476.1014 0.001091 0.3914 0.3925 632.25 2113.67 2745.92 1.8420 4.9951 6.8370 150
152 502.1771 0.001093 0.3722 0.3733 640.89 2107.41 2748.30 1.8623 4.9569 6.8191 152
154 529.3834 0.001095 0.3541 0.3552 649.55 2101.10 2750.64 1.8825 4.9189 6.8014 154
156 557.7555 0.001097 0.3370 0.3381 658.21 2094.74 2752.95 1.9027 4.8811 6.7838 156
158 587.3287 0.001100 0.3209 0.3220 666.89 2088.32 2755.21 1.9228 4.8436 6.7664 158
160 618.1392 0.001102 0.3057 0.3068 675.57 2081.86 2757.43 1.9428 4.8063 6.7491 160
Skill Development
Exercises
To receive full continuing education credit, all questions must be answered
and submitted at www.ashrae.org/sdlonline. Please log in using your student
ID number and the SDL number. Your student ID number is composed of the
last five digits of your Social Security Number or another unique five-digit
number you create when first registering online. The SDL number for this
course can be located near the top of the copyright page of this book.

Chapter 1 Skill Development Exercises
Total number of questions: 4

1-1 How many basic processes of air conditioning can be performed on moist air?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
1-2 Which combination process will increase both the temperature and the mois-
ture content?
a) Cooling and dehumidification
b) Heating and dehumidification
c) Heating and humidification
1-3 Enthalpy is the total heat content of the air.
a) True
b) False
1-4 Change in elevation has no effect on the air density.
a) True
b) False

2-1 Dry-bulb temperature is measured with a wet sock around the sensing bulb.
a) True
b) False
2-2 Saturation temperature of air is the point at which the dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and
dew-point temperatures are equal.
a) True
b) False
2-3 Relative humidity does not change as the dry-bulb temperature changes.
a) True
b) False
2-4 The dry-bulb temperature can be above the dew-point temperature.
a) True
b) False
2-5 According to Appendix A, what is the specific enthalpy hs of saturated air at
5°C?
a) 15.231863
b) 18.63
c) 5.02
a) 0.811
b) 0.794
c) 0.006
2-7 According to Appendix A, what is the specific enthalpy of dry air hda at 50°C?
a) 52.33
b) 225.03
c) 50.31
a) 0.915
b) 1.24
c) 0.012

3-1 On a psychrometric chart, the y-axis is humidity ratio and the x-axis is:
a) Relative humidity
b) Dew-point temperature
c) Dry-bulb temperature
d) Wet-bulb temperature
3-2 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the relative humidity of
an air parcel with W = 6.4 and tdb = 15°C.
a) 60% rh
b) 70% rh
c) 80% rh
d) 90% rh
3-3 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the dew-point tempera-
ture of an air parcel with tdb = 21°C and  = 50% rh.
a) 10°C
b) 12°C
c) 15°C
d) 19°C
3-4 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the humidity ratio W of
an air parcel with a saturation temperature of tdb = 10°C.
a) 6.5
b) 7.6
c) 30%
d) 10°C
3-5 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, determine the specific volume v
of an air parcel with tdb = 21°C and W = 10.
a) 0.82
b) 0.846
c) 0.86
d) none of the above
3-6 According to the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, what is the enthalpy of
tdb = 25°C dry air?
a) 22
b) 35
c) 76
d) 25
perature of a moist air parcel with tdb = 21°C and  = 50% rh air?
a) 21°C
b) 14°C
c) 10°C
d) 13°C
3-8 According to the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, what is the dew point of
tdb = 10°C saturated air?
a) 10°C
b) 4°C
c) 0°C
d) –5°C
perature of tdb = 21°C dry air?
a) 0°C
b) –4°C
c) 4°C
d) 6.5°C
3-10 Using the psychrometric chart in Figure 3-4, plot the points tdb = 21°C, h = 24,
and tdb = 21°C, twb = 14°C, then connect the points with a line. Upon investiga-
tion of the line, which of the following is the best description?
a) The line is almost vertical.
b) The line has a slope of about 45° (angle).
c) The line almost horizontal.

4-1 Moist air that is heated without humidification has the following change in relative
humidity:
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Stays the same
d) Depends on the type of humidifier
4-2 What is the equation that converts enthalpy changes into capacity (kW)?
a) 1210× airflow × (t1 – t2)
b) 1.2 × airflow × (h1 – h2)
c) 3300 × airflow × (W1 – W2)
4-3 Which of the following is true concerning humidification by steam versus by
(cold water) atomization?
a) Atomization always maintains a constant relative humidity.
b) Steam humidification adds no net energy to the airstream.
c) Heat to make steam in the steam humidifier comes from the air
d) Heat to evaporate water in the atomizer comes from the air
4-4 A heating coil can provide for both heating and humidification.
a) True
b) False
4-5 A cooling coil can provide for both cooling and dehumidification.
a) True
b) False
4-6 What is the change in enthalpy when dry air is heated from 10°C to 23°C?
a) 10
b) 13
c) 16
d) 18
4-7 What is the enthalpy change when saturated air at 10°C is conditioned to be
saturated air at 23°C?
a) 39
b) 35
c) 13
d) 45
4-8 One day in Phoenix, Arizona, the temperature reaches 40.5°C with 20% rh.
Water is sprayed into the air to cool it. What will the temperature of the air be
when the relative humidity increases to 50% rh?
a) 30°C
b) 35°C
c) 40°C
d) 22°C
4-9 If the air entering a heating coil is dry and 21°C db and the leaving air is 43°C,
how many watts of cooling are supplied by the coil at 2.35 m3/s if the fan is
located at the coil inlet?
a) 58 000 W
b) 65 000 W
c) 61 000 W
d) 62 550 W
4-10 Air enters a cooling coil at 38°C and 40% rh and leaves saturated at a tempera-
ture of 7°C. What is the total watts of cooling required if a 2.35 m3/s fan is
located at the inlet of the cooling coil?
a) 190 200 W
b) 176 840 W
c) 160 000 W
d) 158 960 W

5-1 The definition of sensible heat ratio (SHR) is the:
a) Ratio of sensible to latent load
b) Ratio of latent to sensible load
c) Ratio of total load to sensible load
d) Ratio of sensible load to total load
5-2 If the sensible load on a building is equal to the latent load, the value of SHR is:
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) –2
5-3 The psychrometric condition for supply air that will satisfy the requirements of
a room depends on:
a) The amount of outdoor air needed
b) The desired room condition
c) Room SHR
d) All of the above
e) Answers b and c only
5-4 Why is it possible to satisfy a room with a variety of “assumptions” about the
temperature change across a coil (heating or cooling)?
a) Because there is a corresponding airflow with every t.
b) Because the heat/cool load calculation is never accurate.
c) Because the comfort zone is large.
d) Because there is a wide variety of methods for heating and
cooling.
5-5 Which condition below is not possible to show on a psychrometric chart?
a) tdb = 24°C, h = 54 kJ/kg
b) tdb = 32°C, twb = 25°C
c) twb = 25°C, h = 84
d) tdb = 24°C,  = 50%
5-6 In a system, 1 m3/s of air at 15³C and 30% rh is mixed with 4 m3/s air at 27°C
and 80% rh. Find the mixed-air temperature using the mixing equation.
a) 18°C
b) 17.5°C
c) 16°C
d) 25°C
5-7 In Exercise 5-6, what is the mixed-air relative humidity?
a) 51% rh
b) 40% rh
c) 60% rh
d) None of these
5-8 In a system, 1 m3/s of air at 4°C and 90% rh is adiabatically mixed with moist
air at 26°C but unknown relative humidity. The final mixture is at 22°C and
50% rh. What is the relative humidity and airflow rate of the second airstream?
a) 42% rh, 5 m3/s
b) 42% rh, 3 m3/s
c) 60% rh, 5 m3/s
d) 35% rh, 6 m3/s
5-9 If the sensible load is 600 000 W and the latent load is 300 000 W, what is the
SHR?
a) 2.0
b) 1.0
c) 0.66
d) 0.76
5-10 If the room design is tdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh and we mix in 25% outdoor air
at tdb = 48°C and  = 10% rh, what is the mixed-air dry-bulb temperature?
a) 45°C
b) 42°C
c) 30°C
d) Not possible
5-11 From Exercise 5-10, what is the mixed-air relative humidity?
a) 33% rh
b) 15% rh
c) 21% rh
d) 28% rh

6-1 Which type of humidification requires the change to not exceed the tempera-
ture rise capacity of a heating coil?
a) Water spray
b) Steam
c) Both the same
d) Neither has an impact
6-2 From the discussion of the psychrometrics of cooling coils, which “rule of
thumb” will best select the cooling coil conditions?
a) Temperature drop across a cooling coil should be about 10°C.
b) Relative humidity off the coil should be 90%.
c) Volume of air across a cooling coil should be kept to a minimum.
d) Coil temperatures should be selected to be as low as possible.
6-3 Which of the following statements best describe why cooling coils cannot
accommodate large latent loads with small sensible loads?
a) Cooling coils rust if too much condensate forms.
b) Cooling coils will freeze up if the coil temperature gets too low.
c) Cooling coils tend to dehumidify first, then drop the air
temperature.
d) Condensation requires a drop in air temperature to the dew point.
6-4 Consider a room heating load with a 200 000 W sensible loss and 40 000 W
latent loss, with room design conditions of tdb = 22°C and approximately  =
40% rh. The air handler has an adiabatic humidifier downstream from a heating
coil without any outdoor air. If the leaving air temperature is tdb = 38°C after
the humidifier, what is the airflow required to satisfy the load?
a) 12
b) 10.3
c) 8
d) None of these
6-5 What is the leaving air temperature tdb from the heating coil for the conditions
a) 37°C
b) 40°C
c) 38°C
d) None of these
6-6 What is the leaving relative humidity  from the heating coil for the conditions
a) 15% rh
b) 12% rh
c) 20% rh
d) 24% rh
6-7 What is the leaving relative humidity  from the adiabatic humidifier for the
conditions listed in Exercise 6-4?
a) 15% rh
b) 25% rh
c) 19% rh
d) 28% rh
6-8 Using the air handler in Exercise 6-4 and 10.3 m3/s, adding a cooling coil to
satisfy a room sensible heat gain of 146 kW and a room latent heat gain of
15 000 W, and room conditions of tdb = 24°C and  = 40% rh and without out-
door air, what is the required leaving air temperature tdb and  from the cooling
coil?
a) 12°C tdb ,  = 90% rh
b) 13°C tdb ,  = 80% rh
c) 12°C tdb ,  = 75% rh
6-9 What is the room sensible heat ratio for the conditions listed in Exercise 6-8?
a) 0.89
b) 0.95
c) 0.91
d) 1.0
6-10 Would you attempt to add humidity to the leaving airstream for the conditions
listed in Exercise 6-8 in the cooling mode with an adiabatic humidifier?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Not sure

For all of the Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 7, consider three zones
in a small office building that we are going to heat and cool. The cooling and
heating loads are as follows:
Zone Sensible Cooling, W Latent Cooling, W Heating Sensible, W

1 12 000 1700 6000
2 16 000 2000 8000
3 20 000 3300 10 000
Assume room design conditions of the following:

Coolingtdb = 24°C and  = 50% rh
Heating tdb = 21°C and  = 40% rh
Use a sea-level psychrometric chart.
7-1 What is the sensible heat ratio for all three zones in order 1, 2, 3? (Round to
two decimal places.)
a) 0.87, 0.89, 0.86
b) 0.88, 0.9, 0.91
c) 0.87, 0.89, 0.88
7-2 If we provide 25% outdoor air for code-required ventilation to all three zones,
what is the mixed air condition in the summer if the outdoor air is tdb = 38°C
and  = 25% rh?
a) tdb = 34.5°C and  = 30% rh
b) tdb = 29°C and  = 36% rh
c) tdb = 27.5°C and  = 42% rh
7-3 For Zone 1 only, if we use individual fan-coils for each zone, what is the
required supply airflow?
a) airflow = 0.9 m3/s
b) airflow = 0.99 m3/s
c) airflow = 1.03 m3/s
7-4 For Zone 1 only, what are the leaving air conditions from the cooling coil
assuming we use 25% outdoor air from Exercise 7-2 and the correct supply air-
flow?
a) tdb = 12°C and  = 90% rh
b) tdb = 14°C and  = 88% rh
c) tdb = 16°C and  = 80% rh
7-5 For Zone 1 only, what is the total cooling capacity, qt , of the cooling coil with
the correct airflow and leaving air conditions?
a) 18 000 W
b) 22 000 W
c) 19 008 W
7-6 If all three zones were put on a central air handler with a constant-volume ter-
minal reheat system, what would the airflow of all three zones be, in order 1, 2,
3? (Same outdoor design and percent outdoor air.)
a) 0.99, 1.3, 1.6
b) 0.9, 1.4, 1.7
c) 0.99, 1.32, 1.65
7-7 If all three zones were put on a central air handler with a variable-air-volume
reheat VAV box and 25% outdoor air, what are the required leaving air condi-
tions from this air handler?
a) tdb = 13.5°C and  = 91% rh
b) tdb = 14.5°C and  = 88% rh
c) tdb = 16°C and  = 82% rh
7-8 With the system in Exercise 7-7, what are the new required airflows by zone in
order 1, 2, 3 with the new leaving conditions?
a) 0.94, 1.26, 1.57 m3/s
b) 0.99, 1.26, 1.6 m3/s
c) 1.03, 1.3, 1.55 m3/s
7-9 What is the reheat required by zone in order 1, 2, 3 to meet the total reheat load
plus the winter heat loss load? (Use tdb = 21°C for room condition and 25%
outdoor air.)
a) 14 000, 18 000, 25 000 W
b) 14 530, 19 930, 24 240 W
c) 16 000, 21 000, 26 000 W
7-10 From Exercise 7-7, with the correct leaving conditions and airflow, what is the
total cooling capacity of the central air-handler cooling coil?

a) 73 280 W
b) 70 120 W
c) 79 910 W
7-11 If the system in Exercise 7-7 were a constant-volume, dual-duct system, what
would be the heat capacity of the hot-deck coil used in the central air handler?
(Room at tdb = 24°C.)
a) 75 000 W
b) 65 000 W
c) 55 100 W
d) 60 500 W


8-1 A heat wheel with a desiccant coating is a:
a) Sensible heat recovery device
b) Total enthalpy heat recovery device
c) Sensible-to-total heat recovery device
d) Total-to-sensible heat recovery device
8-2 When is preheating of the outdoor airstream necessary on a heat recovery
device?
a) When the outdoor air temperature is below –16°C.
b) When the outdoor air dew point is below 0°C.
c) When the exhaust airstream has a dew point above 0°C and the
leaving air temperature is below 0°C.
d) All of the above.
8-3 Heat recovery effectiveness is the actual amount of heat transferred versus the
maximum amount that could be transferred.
a) True
b) False
8-4 Energy recovery involves the transfer of sensible heat from one airstream to the
other airstream.
a) True
b) False
8-5 An air-side economizer should be considered on any/all air systems that have
100% outdoor air capability and high operation hours with an ambient air tem-
perature below 16°C and a demand for cooling.
a) True
b) False
8-6 Water-side economizers can be used on a chilled-water system with all termi-
nal fan-coils and an air-cooled water chiller.
a) True
b) False
8-7 There is a sensible heat recovery system between equal outdoor air and exhaust
airstreams in Phoenix, Arizona, and the summer design outside is tdb = 48°C

and  = 10% rh. If the effectiveness is 75% of the heat recovery device and the
exhaust airstream is tdb = 24°C and  = 40% rh, what are the dry-bulb tempera-
ture and relative humidity of the outdoor airstream leaving the recovery
device?
a) tdb = 32°C and  = 25% rh
b) tdb = 35°C and  = 20% rh
c) tdb = 38°C and  = 18% rh
d) tdb = 30°C and  = 28% rh
8-8 From Exercise 8-7, what are the leaving air conditions of the exhaust airstream
with everything else being the same?
a) tdb = 30°C and  = 30% rh
b) tdb = 35°C and  = 25% rh
c) tdb = 40°C and  = 20% rh
d) tdb = 42°C and  = 16% rh
8-9 If the entering air conditions to a cooling tower are tdb = 48°C and twb = 19°C
and the cooling tower has a full-load approach temperature of 4°C, what is the
leaving water from cooling tower (at full load)?
a) 40°C
b) 35°C
c) 23°C
d) 29°C
8-10 Supply air temperature reset can be used on all air-conditioning systems, any
time of the year in all parts of the world, regardless of the ambient air condi-
tions.
a) True
b) False


9-1 A cooling tower needs to reject heat from 0.075 cu m/s of water entering at
35°C and leaving at 30°C. What is the total heat required to be rejected?
a) 1766 kW
b) 184 kW
c) 1610 kW
d) 1495 kW
9-2 From Exercise 9-1, if the cooling tower has an airflow of 47.2 m3/s and ambi-
ent air conditions of tdb = 30°C and twb = 24°C, what are the leaving air condi-
tions of the tower?
a) tdb = 30°C, twb = 28.5°C
b) tdb = 32°C, twb = 31°C
c) tdb = 31°C, twb = 30.5°C
d) tdb = 30°C, twb = 29.7°C
9-3 What is the cooling tower approach temperature for the cooling tower in Exer-
cise 9-2?
a) 3°C
b) 7°C
c) 4°C
d) 6°C
9-4 In the design of an indoor swimming pool, it is best to keep the swimming pool
water temperature and the room temperature as far apart as comfortably possi-
ble.
a) True
b) False
9-5 In a cleanroom with design conditions of tdb = 20°C and  = 40% rh, the
makeup air must be cooled to what dry-bulb temperature or the relative humid-
ity will not be met?
a) tdb = 12°C
b) tdb = 20°C
c) tdb = 5°C
d) tdb = 10°C
9-6 If we cool the air via direct evaporative cooling from tdb = 43°C and  = 2% rh,
what is the lowest leaving air temperature we can achieve?

a) tdb = 17°C
b) tdb = 20°C
c) tdb = 18°C
d) tdb = 12°C
9-7 In Exercise 9-6, if our evaporative efficiency is 80%, what are the leaving air
conditions?
a) tdb = 20°C and  = 70% rh
b) tdb = 22°C and  = 70% rh
c) tdb = 21°C and  = 58% rh
d) tdb = 25°C and  = 50% rh
9-8 In Exercises 9-6 and 9-7, if the room sensible heat ratio is 0.9, what is the
expected room relative humidity if the room is at tdb = 24°C?
a)  = 53% rh
b)  = 60% rh
c)  = 50% rh
d) Cannot maintain room at tdb = 24°C with this leaving condition
9-9 If we use the same outdoor conditions of tdb = 43°C and  = 2% rh from Exer-
cise 9-6 and an indirect evaporative cooling section of 40% efficiency, what are
the leaving air conditions from this section?
a) tdb = 33°C and  = 3% rh
b) tdb = 31°C and  = 20% rh
c) tdb = 35°C and  = 5% rh
d) tdb = 19°C and  = 5% rh
9-10 If we add a direct evaporative cooling section in series downstream of the indi-
rect section in Exercise 9-9 and the direct section has an efficiency of 70%,
what are the leaving air conditions?
a) tdb = 15°C and  = 95% rh
b) tdb = 15°C and  = 65% rh
c) tdb = 19°C and  = 60% rh
d) tdb = 19°C and  = 52% rh
ASHRAE LEARNING INSTITUTE
Self-Directed Learning Course Evaluation Form
Course Title: Fundamentals of Psychrometrics (SI), Second Edition (2016)
On a scale of 1 to 5, circle the number that corresponds to your feeling about the statements below.
(1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree, 3 = undecided)
Strongly Strongly
Course Content Agree Undecided Disagree
1. The objectives of the course were clearly stated. 1 2 3 4 5

2. The course content supported the stated objectives. 1 2 3 4 5
3. The content quality and format of the course material make it valuable as a 1 2 3 4 5
future reference.
4. The quality and clarity of the charts and diagrams enhanced your ability 1 2 3 4 5
to understand the course concepts.
5. The organization of course material supported effective mastery of the topic. 1 2 3 4 5
6. The material presented will be of practical use to you in your work. 1 2 3 4 5
7. The degree of difficulty (level) of this course was correct to meet your 1 2 3 4 5
needs and expectations.
General
1. Which description best characterizes your primary job function?
_____Architect* _____Developer _____Manufacturer _____Sales

_____Code Agency _____Educator/Research _____Marketing _____Specifier
_____Consultant _____Energy Conservation _____Owner _____Student
_____Contractor/Installer _____Facilities Engineer _____Plant Engineer _____Utilities
_____Consumer/User _____Government _____Policy Maker/Regulator
_____Other (please specify) _______________________________________________________________________
*Are you a registered architect? ___No ___Yes, AIA Membership Number (required): _____________________
2. Which describes your educational background?
_____High School _____Master's Degree—Engineering

_____Associates Degree/Certificate Program _____Master's Degree—Other Than Engineering
_____Bachelor's Degree—Engineering Technology _____Doctoral Degree—Engineering
_____Bachelor's Degree—Engineering _____Doctoral Degree—Other Than Engineering
_____Bachelor's Degree—Other Than Engineering
_____Other (please specify) _______________________________________________________________________
3. Approximately how many hours did it take you to complete this course?
_____10 hours _____20 hours _____30 hours _____40 hours _____Other (please specify)___________
4. What topics would you suggest for future courses? ______________________________________________________________

General Comments regarding any aspect of the course, including suggestions for improvement:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name (optional) __________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone (optional) __________________________________________________________________________________________
E-mail (optional) __________________________________________________________________________________________
Return to: ASHRAE, Education Department, 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
Fax: 404-321-5478
Flexible and Effective Continuing Education
for HVAC&R Professionals
This revision of ASHRAE’S Fundamentals of Psychrometrics self-directed

learning course book addresses the use of psychrometrics and the
psychrometric chart for typical applications and systems. It is intended
for HVAC designers of various backgrounds and to be an introduction for
those new to psychrometrics.
This second edition of the course was rewritten in an attempt to teach
the fundamentals of psychrometrics in about half the time as the previous
version. The author has used his 41 years of experience in the HVAC
industry as the expertise for the format and content.
Skill Development Exercises at the end of each chapter help readers
assess their understanding of the material and apply what they learn to
real-world situations. Answers to these exercises can be submitted online
to earn PDH, CEU, or LU credits.
1791 Tullie Circle

Atlanta, GA 30329-2305
Telephone: 404/636-8400
Fax: 404/321-5478
E-mail: edu@ashrae.org
www.ashrae.org/ali
ISBN 978-1-939200-32-7 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-939200-33-4 (PDF)
9 781939 200327
Product Code: 98049 8/16
SDL_cover_SI.indd 2 8/9/2016 9:04:17 AM

Fundamentals of Psychrometrics SI, 2nd Ed PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Fundamentals of Psychrometrics SI, 2nd Ed PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Fundamentals of

A Course Book for

Includes Skill Development Exercises

SDL_cover_SI.indd 1 8/9/2016 9:04:17 AM

A Course Book for Self-Directed or Group Learning

© 2008, 2016 ASHRAE

For course information or to order additional materials, please contact:

ASHRAE Learning Institute Telephone: 404/636-8400

Updates and errata for this publication will be posted on the

Karen M. Murray kmurray@ashrae.org

Each course book includes the following:

Chapter 5: HVAC Design and the Psychrometric Chart. . . . . . . . . . 35

Direct Evaporative Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Psychrometrics is a tool HVAC designers use to determine the

I need to acknowledge a few folks who helped me out on this first

K understand the basic processes of psychrometrics,

• Cooling—Lowering the air temperature

• Heating and humidification—Increasing the temperature and moisture con-

• Heating and dehumidification—Increasing the temperature and decreasing

These combination processes provide an infinite number of potential

• hda = enthalpy of dry air at 0% relative humidity

Volumetric Airflow versus Mass Flow Calculations

qs (W) = 1210 × airflow in m3/s × (t1 – t2) in °C (1-1)

where the constant 1210 is derived from the following:

1.20 kg/m3 × 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) × 1000 J/kJ = 1210 J/(m3·K)

qt (kW) = 1.20 kg/m3 × airflow in m3/s × (h1 – h2) in kJ/kg (1-2)

where the constant 3010 W is derived from the following:

2500 kJ/kg × 1.2 kg/m3 × 1.006 kJ/(kg·K) = 3010 W

Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 1

K define some fundamental properties used in psychrometrics and

• Dry-bulb temperature: The measure of the surrounding air temperature

• Dew-point temperature: The measure of the dry-bulb temperature at the

• Humidity ratio at saturation

We will use this table as we go through the text.

Terminology and Symbols for Psychrometrics

For dimensions and units used in air-conditioning applications and a table

Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 2

K describe how the psychrometric chart was developed,

The Modern Age of Psychrometrics

Creating the Psychrometric Chart

Next we go to Appendix A and get the saturated humidity ratio Ws values

80% 60% 40% 30

100 Humidity Ratio

Figure 3-1 Beginning the psychrometric chart.

80% 60% 40% 30

Figure 3-2 Plotting intersection of dew-point temperature on the psychrometric chart.

80% 60% 40% 30

Figure 3-3 Plotting enthalpy on the psychrometric chart.

Finding Seven Psychrometric Quantities

Figure 3-4 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1.

Climatic Design Information

• Denver, Colorado, USA

The plotted points are shown in Figure 3-5.

Psychrometric Chart for

Skill Development Exercises for Chapter 3

K understand the air-conditioning processes shown on the psychrometric

The Power of the Psychrometric Chart

qs (W) = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2) in °C (4-1)

ql (W) = 3010 × airflow × (W1 – W2) in g/kg of dry air (4-2)

qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)

80% 60% 40% 30

Figure 4-1 Sensible cooling shown on the psychrometric chart.

qs = 1210 × airflow × (t1 – t2)