Mapúa University

School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila

DC Power Supply with 220V AC Input and 3V, 5V,

9V and 12V DC Output

Presented to: Engr. Febus Reidj Cruz

Mapúa University

By:
Group 2
Calites, John Vincent
Cariaga, Jejomar Pancho
Dotimas, Winvel
Español, James Christian
Guevarra, Rex
Mercado, Luis Benjamin

Presented: September 2017

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 4

OBJECTIVES 6

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES 7

FIGURES 8

LIST OF COMPONENTS 10

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 11

FUNCTIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT 12

REFERENCES 13

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to give our most sincere gratitude and thanks to our professor, Engr. Febus

Reidj Cruz, for giving us most valuable advices, suggestions and guidance in the creation of this

project. With his help, we could accomplish our goals and finish our task by completing our

prototype, power supply, by applying all the things we learned in the laboratory.

We would also like to thank Mapúa University for giving us access to the tools required in

completing this project.

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 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

September 14, 2017

Engr. Febus Reidj Cruz

School of EECE
Mapúa University
Intramuros, Manila

Greetings Engr. Cruz,

We are writing to you with the project titled DC Power Supply with 220V AC Input and

3V, 5V, 9V and 12V DC Output. The purpose of writing this paper is to analyze the project in

terms of designing, construction and testing as part of the Electronics 1 Laboratory

(ECE103L)/B11 requirements. This project officially started on August 31st , 2017 and was

completed on September 13th, 2017. We would like to thank you, Engr. Febus Reidj Cruz for the

advices that helped us in completing this project. This documentation focuses on the objectives

of this prototype, schematic design of the circuit, printed circuit board (PCB) design based from

the schematic diagram of the circuit, and the list of components together with their quantity and

prices used in creating this prototype.

The outputs 3V, 5V, 9V, and 12V in DC was reached. We applied the topics we learned

in our laboratory experiments in creating the circuit that provided such outputs: from a step-

down transformer, we used a bridge type full wave rectifier and then we used a filter and a

regulator. In regulating the required outputs, we used a Zener diode with the corresponding

Zener voltage range to check and test the output voltages for the prototype. We used a digital

multi-tester to get the output voltages.

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 We are looking forward that this prototype can comply with the standards and be

considered a fulfillment in one of the requirements of the course.

Sincerely,
Calites, John Vincent
Cariaga, Jejomar Pancho
Dotimas, Winvel
Español, James Christian
Guevarra, Rex
Mercado, Luis Benjamin

ECE103L-B11
Group 2

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 OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this prototype is to prove that the we learned the fundamentals and functions

in creating a circuit that with an AC voltage input, we can provide a regulated DC voltage with

varying output depending on the Zener voltage range.

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 THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES

There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC
mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power
supply can be broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a function.

Figure 1: Block Diagram of DC Power Supply

Transformers that are commonly used in dc power supplies are step-down transformers.
The step-down transformer would lower the high voltage AC to low voltage AC as the voltage
pass across it, this is due to the fact to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage to a safer low
voltage. The lowered voltage will pass through the rectifier, in this project a bridge type rectifier
was used, to convert the lowered AC voltage into a DC voltage. A full-wave rectifier is a device
that converts AC sine wave into a pulsating DC for both positive and negative cycle of the input
cycle. Capacitor filters are commonly found in dc power supplies, since the varying DC voltage
from the rectifier is falling the capacitor acts as a reservoir, supplying current and voltage to the
output, smoothening the output voltage. Higher capacitance means lower ripple to the output
voltage, meaning it would be a good practice to have a high capacitance capacitor connected to a
dc power supply circuit to maintain a much constant output voltage with little ripple. Since
smoothing of the output voltage in the filter is not perfect due to the capacitor voltage falling a
little as it discharges, a Zener diode regulator is used to create a constant output voltage which are
rated by their breakdown voltage.

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 FIGURES

Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Prototype

Figure 2: PCB Diargram

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Figure 4: Soldered Components

Figure 5: Initial Testing of Power Supply Prototype with Output

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 LIST OF COMPONENTS

Quantity Unit Component/ Description/Value Price

Materials
1 meter Connecting Wire Red & Black Color On Stock
1 piece Stepdown 220V AC to 15 V P180.00
Transformer AC
4 pieces Diodes 1N4004 P6.00
2 piece Zener Diode 1N4732 P5.00
1 piece Zener Diode 1N4738 P2.50
1 piece Electrolytic 2200uF 25V P5.00
Capacitor
1 piece Resistor 2.2k Ω 1/2W P1.00
1 piece Resistor 200 Ω 1/2W P1.00
1 piece Pre-synthesized 4” x 6” P110.00
PCB w/
developer
solution
1 piece Transformer Reused Tin Case On Stock
Case
1 piece Plug 1meter 40
Total Cost: P354.00

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 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

In our prototype, DC Power Supply with Two Hundred Twenty Volts AC Input and Five

Volts, Twelve Volts, Fifteen Volts, and Twenty-Four Volts Output, we used a 12V 3A transformer,

a bridge type full wave rectifier, a capacitor, and four different Zener diodes with the

corresponding Zener voltage rating to achieve the required output voltages. We used a step-down

transformer to convert the 220V primary voltage to a 12V secondary voltage. Using the bridge

type rectifier, four different diodes arranged into a bridge type setup, we we’re able to convert the

AC input into a pulsating DC. As the pulsating DC passes through the capacitor that acts as a filter,

the waveform will now be a ripple voltage. We used four different Zener diodes and four switches

to convert the ripple voltage into a pure DC voltage output. Depending on the switch used, the DC

output voltage will vary accordingly. The DC output voltage can now be used for electronic

devices.

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 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This project was made, for us to apply the lessons that we learned from the topics that were
discussed in the class. By creating this project, we understood how to create an effective and
functional power supply by applying the basic concepts and definitions of diodes and other
components.
The variable power supply that we created and produced is composed of components that
are commonly found in today’s power supplies, such as: transformer, rectifier, diodes, zener diodes
and a capacitor filter. The designed variable power supply outputs different voltages, 3V, 5V, 9V,
and 12V. A step-down transformer was used to lower the input voltage of 220VAC to 24VAC,
this is due to the reason that the largest output that the variable power supply must yield is 12V. A
full-wave bridge type rectifier was also made by using four regular diodes (1N4001), this rectifier
would convert AC voltage to DC voltage. A capacitor was connected in the circuit to filter the dc
voltage. We used a high capacitance capacitor, since the higher the value of capacitance the smaller
the ripple, thus creating a much efficient and stable power supply. A resistor was also connected
to lower the voltage level within the circuit. Four Zener diodes are used to output the required
voltages, we found four models of Zener diode that would suffice and meet the requirements. The
four models are: 1N4728A – 3.3V 1N4733A – 5.1V 1N4739A – 9.1V and 1N4742A - 12V. Some
of the Zener diodes used are not exactly as the output voltage, since the availability of Zener diodes
with exact output voltage are low. We used a 5-holes terminal block to choose between the four
Zener diodes, to let the user choose on what output voltage he/she wants for the variable power
supply to yield.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Floyd, Thomas L., Electronic Devices Conventional Current Version, New Jersey, U.S.A,
Pearson, 2005

[2] Electronics Club (2017) Power Supplies [Online]

https://electronicsclub.info/powersupplies.htm

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