MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of EECE
Intramuros, Manila

Experiment #4
Impedance and Admittance of a Parallel RLC Circuit

Dotimas, Winvel P. Group No. 2

Date Submitted:
February 14, 2018
EE103L-B6
Score
Date Performed:
February 7, 2018

Engr. Ezperanza E. Chua

Instructor
Preliminary Data Sheet
Sample Computation:

Table 4.2: Through 300Hz

S = Siemens

Ohm’s Law: (Measured Values)

𝐼𝑅 19 𝑚𝐴
G= = = 5.21 𝑚𝐒
𝑉𝑅 3.650 𝑉

𝐼𝐿 12 𝑚𝐴
βL = = = 3.29 𝑚𝐒
𝑉𝐿 3.650 𝑉

𝐼𝐶 10 𝑚𝐴
βC = = = 2.74 𝑚𝐒
𝑉𝐶 3.650 𝑉

𝑣𝑇 3.650 𝑉
|Z| = = = 158.7 Ω
𝐼𝑇 23 𝑚𝐴

1 𝐼𝑇 23 𝑚𝐴
|Y| = = = = 6.30 𝑚𝑺 or 0.006 𝑺
|𝑍| 𝑉𝑇 3.650 𝑉

Equation Impedance:

1
G= = 0.01 𝑺 = 10 m𝑺
𝑅

1 1
βL = 2πfL = 2π(300 Hz)(100 mH) = 5.3 𝑚𝑺

βC = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 = 2𝜋(300 𝐻𝑧)(2.2 𝑢𝐹 ) = 4.1 𝑚𝑺

Pythagorean Theorem: (Impedance Triangle)

β = βL – βC = 5.3 mS – 4.1 mS = 1.2 mS

|Y| = √(𝐺 2 + β2 ) = √(102 + 1.22 ) = 10.07 mS

β 1.2
Θy = tan-1 (𝐺) = tan-1 ( 10 ) = 6.84o

Complex Number:

1 1 1 1
Y= = + + = 10 +j1.2 mS (Rectangular form)
𝑍 𝑅 𝑗𝑥𝐿 −𝑗𝑥𝑐

Y = |Y| ∟ Θy = 10.07 mS ∟ 6.84o (Polar form)

1
Z= = 100 Ω ∟ -6.84o
𝑌
Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 4.1.

2. Set the sine wave function generator to 300 Hz, with constant output amplitude
of 4 VRMS as measured on the voltmeter.

3. On Table 4.1, following the results table, record the readings of total current,
current flowing in the resistor, inductor and capacitor respectively. This can be
done by replacing each link with an ammeter one at a time.
What did you observe about the magnitude of the voltage across the resistor,
inductor, and capacitor? What is this parameter in the system?
• The voltage across the RLC circuit is the same in magnitude since
each component are in parallel making the current the parameter
in the system.

4. On another sheet of paper, draw to scale a phasor diagram showing IT, IR, IL, and
IC set the voltage as reference. (see next page)
What is the phase relationship between IL and IC? How do you combine the
resultant value of IL and IC?
• IL and IC are out-of-phase with each other by 180O and the
resultant value could be get by subtracting IC from IL.

5. On Table 4.2, following the results table calculate the required parameters.

6. Switch of the power supply unit.

Interpretation of Results:

During the experiment, we gathered data for Table 4.1 using Figure 4.1 found on
the lab manual as reference. As a parallel circuit, we knew that the voltage through all
the components will be the same as the total voltage from the supply whereas current
will differ on each individual component. In Table 4.1, we set the function generator on
five (5) different frequencies and obtain a unique voltage reading for each frequency
(3.650 V for 300 Hz; 4.041 V for 400 Hz), nevertheless the same throughout the circuit
per trial. We also notice the relationship that as the total current increases, the resistor
current, IR, also increases, as well as the capacitor current, IC, while the inductor
current, IL, decreases. We can expect this as IL and IC are out-of-phase with each other
by 180O.

Then, we use the values obtain from Table 4.1 to Table 4.2, Ohm’s Law
(Measured Values), to get the experimental conductance, G, Susceptance, β, and the
magnitude of impedance, |Z| and admittance, |Y|. In here, we all get the values using
the basic equation of V=IR, where R is reciprocated as 1/R with the unit siemens to
have the new equation V=I(1/R) in place so that we can substitute the value we get
from Table 4.1 using Ohm’s Law. We can also see that the impedance given (158.7 Ω)
is reciprocated as 1/|Z| to get the value of the admittance, |Y|, at 0.006 Siemens or
(1/158.7 Ω).

In the next part of Table 4.2, Equation Impedance, we now calculate for the
susceptance, which is the inverse of the reactance for inductor (XL for 300 Hz =
188.496 Ω and inversing it will get 5.3 Ω-1 which is equal to βL) and capacitor,
respectively as well as getting the conductance with the assumption of purely resistive
branch which is just the inverse of resistance (1/100Ω = 0.01 siemens).

For the impedance triangle, we knew that IL is out-of-phase with IC by 180O, so

to get their vertical line we can say that IT=IL-IC, which we also applied to the total
susceptance, β, (β =βL- βC), which is based from the triangle drawn above, we can see
that their hypotenuse will be {G+ (βL- βC)} which is the admittance, therefore through
Pythagorean Theorem, we can say that the admittance, |Y| = √(𝐺 2 + β2 ) and through
β
this we can get the angle, Θ, through tan−1 ( ). In the 300 Hz trial, we can see that
G
the circuit is inductive as XC > XL or βL > βC and the rest as capacitive as βC > βL.

For the last part of the experiment, we write the admittance in rectangular form

with the conductance being the real part and the susceptance as the imaginary part.

Then we convert it to polar form or as a phasor quantity with the angle included

through which when inverse we can get its impedance counterpart (in the 300 Hz

sample, 10.07 mS ∟ 6.84o = 100 Ω ∟ -6.84o, both acting as inductive).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we proved that RLC circuits on AC in parallel behave the same

way as DC does which the current for each component is different from one another

and that the total supply voltage is the same as the voltage for each component.

Instead, we investigated the impedance and admittance when being driven by a

sinusoidal alternating current and its overall effect for the circuit.

As we have taken in consideration DC circuits, the first part of the experiment

after taking experimental voltage and current values tackles Ohm’s Law in which

voltage is equal to the product of current and resistance. However, being in AC with the

presence of phasor current and phasor voltage, we must say that the resistance will

now be called as impedance, as it impedes the flow of the current which is true for a

series connection. However, for a parallel connection, we must say that the impedance

must be reciprocated which is now called as admittance, as it admits the flow of the

current. The same is true for the conductance, G, as it is the opposite of resistance,

thereby producing G=I/V. We also must take in account the pure reactance, X, in an AC

circuit but being in parallel we must now consider its inverse form known as

susceptance, β. All values taken as an inversed form will have a unit for siemens.

After doing the experimental part of getting the susceptance, impedance and

admittance through Ohm’s Law and the measured values, we now compare it with the

equation impedance which now includes phasors. With the help of an impedance

triangle, we know that the inductor current leads the voltage by 90O whereas the

capacitor current lags voltage by 90O, concluding that the inductor current and
capacitor current is out-of-phase by 180O. As we know, the susceptance value is just a

reciprocated form of the reactance value and with that in mind, we can conclude that

the total susceptance, β, is βL-βC. With this representing as the vertical value of the

triangle and the conductance, being purely resistive, represented as a horizontal value,

we can now conclude that through Pythagorean’s Theorem that the magnitude of the

admittance is the hypotenuse and is equal to the square root of the sum of the square

value of conductance and the square value of susceptance. We can now also get the

β
angle theta from this through tan−1 ( ).
G

Having completed all the necessary values, we can now write the admittance in

rectangular form with the conductance representing the real part and the susceptance,

much like the reactance, representing the imaginary part. Through here, we can get its

equivalent polar form and getting the reciprocated value of the admittance, we can now

get its equivalent value of impedance. To conclude, the characteristic of the circuit will

always depend on the magnitude of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance in AC.
Final Data Sheet

Table 4.1:

Frequency Total Total Resistor Inductor Capacitor

(Hz) Voltage Current Current Current Current
(VT) (IT) (IC)
(IR) (IL)
VRMS mARMS mARMS
mARMS mARMS

300 3.650 23 19 12 10

400 4.041 25 22 10.5 15

500 3.992 25 22 8 20

600 4.1 27 23 7 21

700 40 28 23 6 23
Table 3.2:

Frequency (Hz)
Formula 300 400 500 600 700
𝐼𝑅
G= 5.21 mS 5.44 mS 5.51 mS 5.61 mS 5.75 mS
𝑉𝑅
𝐼𝐿
βL = 3.29 mS 2.60 mS 2 mS 1.71 mS 1.5 mS
𝑉𝐿
𝐼𝐶
Ohm’s Law βC = 2.74 mS 3.71 mS 5.01 mS 5.12 mS 5.75 mS
𝑉𝐶
(Measured 𝑣𝑇
|Z| = 158.7 Ω 161.64 Ω 159.68 Ω 151.85 Ω 142.86 Ω
Values) 𝐼𝑇
1
|Y| = =
|𝑍|
𝐼𝑇 0.006 S 0.006 S 0.006 S 0.006 S 0.006 S
𝑉𝑇

1
G= 0.01 S 0.01 S 0.01 S 0.01 S 0.01 S
𝑅
Equation 1
βL = 2πfL 5.3 mS 3.98 mS 3.18 mS 2.65 mS 2.27 mS
Impedance
βC = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 4.1 mS 5.53 mS 6.9 mS 8.29 mS 9.7 mS
β = β L – βC 1.2 mS -1.5 mS -3.72 mS -5.64 mS -7.43 mS
Pythagorean |Y| = 10.07 12.46
10.11 mS 10.67 mS 11.48 mS
Theorem √𝐺 + β2 mS mS
(Impedance
Θy =
Triangle) β 6.84O -8.81O -20.41O -29.42O -36.61O
tan−1(𝐺)

1 1
Y= = +
𝑍 𝑅 10+j1.2 10-j1.55 10-j3.72 10-j5.64 10-j7.43
1
+
1 mS mS mS mS mS
𝑗𝑥𝐿 −𝑗𝑥𝑐

Complex
Number
10.07 10.12 10.67 11.48 12.46∟-
Y = |Y| ∟ Θy
∟6.84O ∟-8.81O ∟-20.41O ∟-29.42O 36.61O

1 100 99 94 87 80
Z=
𝑌 ∟-6.84O ∟8.81O ∟20.41O ∟29.42O ∟36.61O