Solutions to some problems on binomial distribution

 is same as p (book uses  and I used p in place)

7.50
Each birth of a puppy results in a male puppy or female puppy
X = # number o female puppies in a litter of 5
That is n=5
What is p? or (what is  ?) where p =P( that the puppy is a female)
Since both outcomes (male or female) are equally likely, this implies that p =0.5 ( or 
=0.5)
The distribution can be listed from the table given in the text books
x p(x)
0 .0313
1 .1563
2 .3125
3 .3125
4 .1563
5 .0313

7.51
n= number of trustworthy people
x = # trustworthy people that fail the polygraph test.
p = P( a trustworthy person fails the polygraph test) (=)
It is given in the description that such a p = .15 (=)
Here x is a binomial variable with n=10 and p=.15
a. P( all ten pass) = P( none one fails) = P( x=0) = .1968744 ( a TI calculator gives
this value)
b. P(more than 2 fail) = P( x>2) = P(x =3 or x=3 or…..or x=10)
= 1- P(x<=2) = 1- P(x=0 or x=1 or x=2)
= 1 – (.1968744+.347425+.27589)
= 1 - .820196
= .17980

c. n = 500 trustworthy people from FBI

p = .15
x= # trustworthy people who fail the test among the 500 chosen.
Mean of the binomial distribution is given by the formula  = n*p, and σ = n*p*(1-p)
Hence in this case  = 500*.15 = 75
Interpretation: on the average 75 out 500 people fail the test .

σ = n*p*(1-p) = 500*.15*.85 = 7.9843 people is the standard deviation of x.

d. On a given day they tested 500 people and found that 25 or less failed the test. Yes
this is a surprising result because on the average 75 people fail the test and “25” is
more than 3 *s. d. away from the mean. This situation very less likely.
7.52
n = 20 parts
x = # defectives found among the 20 tested.
A lot will be rejected if x >1
A lot will be accepted if x ≤1
a. Given that whole population contains 5% defective parts
It is given that p = P( a randomly selected part being defective ) = .05
To compute P(the lot being accepted) = P(x ≤1) = P(x=0) +P(x=1)
From table = .358+.377
= -------------
b. Given that whole population contains 10% defective parts
It is given that p = P( a randomly selected part being defective ) = .1
To compute P(the lot being accepted) = P(x ≤1) = P(x=0) +P(x=1)
From table = .122+.058
= ------------
c. Given that whole population contains 20% defective parts
It is given that p = P( a randomly selected part being defective ) = .2
To compute P(the lot being accepted) = P(x ≤1) = P(x=0) +P(x=1)
From table = .012+.058
= ---------------
7.55
From the whole population of automobiles, 30% fail emission test.
That is P( a randomly selected automobile fails the test) = p =.30
X = # cars that fail the inspection out of chosen n cars.

a. If we choose n= 15 cars then to compute P(x≤5) = P(x=0 or x=1 or ….or x=5)

=P(x=0)+…+P(x=5)
= ___+___+___+___+___+___
(look up from the table the find the answer)
b. n = 15 and p = .3 compute P(5≤x≤10) = P(x=5 or x=6 or …or x=10)
= P(x=5)+…+P(x=10)

= ___+___+___+___+___+___
(look up from the table the find the answer)
c. n =25 and p = P( a car passes the inspection) = 1-.30 = .70
 = n*p = 25*.70 = 17.5
Interpretation : if we repeatedly test the samples of size 25 then on the average we will
find 17.5 cars/25 cars pass the test.
Standard deviation = σ = n*p*(1-p) = 2.29128 cars/25cars.
d. n =25
p = .70 ( that car passes the test)
within 1-sd of the mean value means x lies between -σ and +σ
P (-σ≤ x≤ +σ) = P((5.6930≤ x≤ 10.2756) = P(x =6 or ….or x=10)