I.

WHAT IS RESEARCH

 Research is a systematic, objective and comprehensive investigation of a

certain phenomenon. It involves accurate gathering of data and critical
analyzing and interpreting these data.
 There are three stages of a research that undergoes in architecture, namely:
o Architecture processes: It involves more of a theoretical angle, like
the designs and construction techniques, giving a thematically
approach to the whole concept of building a building.
o Architecture products: This deals with research of the projected
product or the aesthetics of the materials used.
o Architecture performance: Once a building is complete, aspects like
quality, environmental performance and more are researched upon.
 Research is the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of
generalizing to extend, correct, or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge
aid in the construction of a theory in the practice of an art.
 A personal framework for increasing understanding.

II. TYPES OF RESEARCH

 Qualitative Research
 Based on data expressed mostly in the form of words – descriptions,
accounts, opinions, feelings etc. – rather than on numbers.
 Common whenever people are the focus of the study, particularly in social
groups or as individuals.
 Dealing with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify
mathematically, such as beliefs, meanings, attributes and symbols.
o Phenomenological Research
 Examines human experiences through the descriptions provided by the
people involved. These experiences are called lived experiences.
 To describe the meaning that experiences hold for each subject.
o Ethnographic Research
 Refer to the investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the
members of the culture.
 Involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data for
development of theories of cultural behavior.
 It studies people, ethnic groups and other ethnic formations, their ethno
genesis, composition, resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as
well as their material and spiritual culture.
o Grounded Theory Research
 Designed to discover what problems exist in a given social environment
and how the persons involved handle them.
 Involves formulation, testing, and the reformulation of propositions until
a theory is developed
o Historical Research
 Involving analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.
  Data gathered from written or oral descriptions of past events, artifacts,
etc. – describes what was in an attempt to reconstruct the past.

 Quantitative Research
 Systematic empirical investigation of any phenomena via statistical
mathematical, or computation techniques.
 Generally made using scientific methods.
 Derives measures or variables from the data, then investigate relationships
among the variables
 Gathers data with an instrument, such as a stopwatch, a blood test, a video
analysis package, or a structured questionnaire.
o Descriptive Research
 Refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics
of a particular individual, situation, or group.
 A means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists,
determining the frequency with which something occurs, and
categorizing information.
 Numerical data gathered through tests, surveys, observations,
interviews.
o Correlational Research
 Refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of
relationships among two or more variables, without necessarily
determining cause and effect.
 Seeks to establish a relation/association/correlation between two or
more variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental
manipulation.
  Will recognize trends and patterns in a data.
o Experimental Research
 Uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship
among a group of variables that make up a study.
 An objective, systematic, controlled investigation for the purpose of
predicting and controlling phenomena.
o Causal-comparative Research
 To establish cause-effect relationships among the variables.
 Identifies an effect that has already occurred and attempts to infer
cause.
 Applied Research
 Refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical
problems.
 Used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop
innovative technologies.
 Basic Research
 Driven by a scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific question.
 To expand man’s knowledge, not to create or invent something. There is
no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic
research.

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

 Researches make progress possible.

 Provides the basis for policy formulation.
 Solves various operational and planning problems of business and industry.
 Important for social scientists in studying social relationships and in seeking
answers to various social problems.
 Inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the development of
logical habits of thinking and organization.

IV. ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING AND DESIGN IN RELATION TO RESEARCH

 Architectural programming is a research and decision-making process

that identifies the scope of work to be designed.
 Architectural programming has its steps and considerations that guided many
architects and clients who sought to identify the scope of a design problem
prior to beginning the design, which is intended to solve the problem
 Programming concerns five steps:
1. Establish Goals.
2. Collect and analyze Facts.
3. Uncover and test Concepts.
4. Determine Needs.
5. State the Problem.
 The five-step process can be applied to most any discipline but when applied
to architecture, it has its proper content that is an architectural product.
 Four major considerations:
 Function
 Form
 Economy
 Time
 There are three key words to each
consideration.
 Architectural programming involves
an organized method of inquiry a five-
step process interacting with four
considerations.
 The main idea behind programming
is the search for sufficient information to clarify, to understand, and to state the
problem.
 If programming is problem seeking, then design is problem solving.
Programming is analysis. Design is synthesis.
 The Framework:
 Two-Phase Process:
o Schematic program and program development provide the information
needed at the two successive design phases, going from the general scope
to particular details.
o Programming is a two-phase process related to the two phases of design—
schematic design and design development.
o Design development is what the words imply: the detailed development of
schematic design. Program development provides the specific room
details— furniture and
equipment requirements,
environmental criteria
(atmospheric, visual, and
acoustic), and service
requirements (mechanical
and electrical).