COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

UNIT – 3 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

• Values in Conservation Project:

• Social Value ,
• Cultural Value,
• Historical Value and
• Economical Values,
• Involvement of community.
• Conflict and compatibility between conservation and development

S.R.M UNIVERSITY ARC404 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

VALUES: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Values is most often used in one of two senses:

1. As morals, principles, or other ideas 2. The qualities and characteristics seen

that serve as guides to action in things, in particular the positive
(individual and collective); and characteristics (actual and potential).
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VALUES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION PROJECTS :

The perspective taken here values the attempt to understand the:

full range of values and valuing processes attached to heritage,

as opposed to the normative, art historical view common in the conservation field, which
a priori privileges artistic and historical values over others.
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CHALLENGES WHILE ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT:

Assessment of the values attributed to heritage is a very important activity in any

conservation effort, since values strongly shape the decisions that are made.

However, even though values are widely understood to be critical to understanding and
planning for heritage conservation, there is little knowledge about how, pragmatically,
the whole range of heritage values can be assessed in the context of planning and
decision making.
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CHALLENGES WHILE ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT:

Methodologically, assessment of heritage values is fraught with difficulties.

These problems stem from factors such as the diverse nature of heritage values

• Cultural,
• Economic,
• Political,
• Aesthetic, And
• More, Some of which
overlap or Compete

Values sometimes conflict and change over time and are strongly shaped by
contextual factors (such as social forces, economic opportunities, and cultural trends),
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ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT:

For purposes of planning and management, value assessment presents a threefold

challenge:

1. Identifying all the 3.Ranking the

values of the heritage 2. Describing them; different, sometimes
in question; and integrating conflicting values

so that they can inform the resolution of different, often conflicting stakeholder interests
ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Few assumptions regarding the problems of value assessment in conservation

planning:

Heritage conservation is best

understood as a socio-cultural
activity, not simply a technical
practice; it encompasses many
activities preceding and following
any act of material intervention;

It is important to consider the

contexts of a heritage conservation
project—social, cultural, economic,
geographical, administrative—as
seriously and as deeply as the
artifact/site itself is considered;

The study of values is a useful way of understanding the contexts and socio-
cultural aspects of heritage conservation;
ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• Heritage values are, by nature, varied,
and they are often in conflict
• Cultural, Consideration of economic values, a
• Economic, strong force shaping heritage and
• Political, conservation, outside the traditional
• Aesthetic, And purview of conservation professionals,
• More, Some of which and their integration with cultural values
overlap or Compete presents a particular challenge;

• No single discipline or method yields a full or sufficient assessment of

heritage values; therefore, a combination of methods from a variety of disciplines
should be included in any comprehensive assessment of the values of a heritage
site;
• Conservation management and planning should employ a strategy of
inclusiveness by calling on different disciplines and bringing in the views of
“insiders” and “outsiders” in the planning process;
ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

• Tr a d i t i o n a l m o d e s o f a s s e s s i n g
“significance” rely heavily on
historical, art historical, and
archaeological notions held by
professionals, and they are applied
basically through disciplinary means;

Ellora Caves walk

Umaid Bhavan Palace, Jodhpur
ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

The test of more effective conservation planning is its responsiveness to the needs
of
• Stakeholders,
• Communities, and
• Contemporary Society.

A more encompassing assessment of heritage

values, and integration of these different values,
will lead to better, more

Sustainable Conservation
Planning And Management;
ASSESSING VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Four specific questions are explored (in the same sequence that one would encounter
them in a planning process):

1. Characterizing values: how can the wide range of heritage values be identified and
characterized in a way that is relevant to all the disciplines and stakeholders
involved?

2. Methodological issues and strategies for assessing heritage values: what kinds
of methodological strategies and specific assessment tools are available and
appropriate for assessing heritage values?

3. Tools for eliciting heritage values: how can the views of the many parties with a
stake in a heritage site be accommodated in the conservation planning process,
including its specific value-assessment phase?

4. Integrating assessments and guiding decision making: once the range of

heritage values has been articulated, how can they inform decision making?
VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Aesthetic value

Aesthetic value includes aspects of sensory perception for which criteria can and
should be stated.

Such criteria may include consideration of the

• Form,
• Scale,
• Colour,
• Texture and
• Material of the fabric;
• The smells and
• Sounds associated with the place and
• Its use.
VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Historic value

Historic value encompasses the

• History of aesthetics,
• Science and society, and
• Therefore to a large extent underlies all of the terms set out in this section.

A place may have historic value because it has influenced, or has been influenced by, an
historic figure, event, phase or activity.

It may also have historic value as the site of an important event.

For any given place the significance will be greater where evidence of the association
or event survives in situ, or where the settings are substantially intact, than where it
has been changed or evidence does not survive.

However, some events or associations may be so important that the place retains
significance regardless of subsequent treatment.
VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Scientific value

The scientific or research value of a place will depend upon the importance of the

• Data involved,
• On its rarity,
• Quality or
• Representativeness, and
• On the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial information.
VALUES IN CONSERVATION PROJECT: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Social value

Social value embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of
• Spiritual,
• Political,
• National or
• Other cultural sentiment to a majority or minority group.

Other approaches

The categorization into aesthetic, historic, scientific and social values is one approach to
understanding the concept of cultural significance.

However, more precise categories may be developed as understanding of a

particular place increases.
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ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:

1. Collection of Information
2. Assessment of Cultural Significance
3. Statement of Cultural Significance
ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

1. Collection Of Information

(a) The developmental sequence of the place and its relationship to the surviving
fabric;

(b) The existence and nature of lost or obliterated fabric;

(c) The rarity and/or technical interest of

(d) The functions of the place and its parts;

(e) The relationship of the place and its parts with its setting;

(f) The cultural influences which have affected the form and fabric of the place;
ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

1. Collection Of Information

(g) The significance of the place to people who use or have used the place, or
descendants of such people;

(h) The historical content of the place with particular reference to the ways in which
its fabric has been influenced by historical forces or has itself influenced the course
of history;

(i) The scientific or research potential of the place;

(j) The relationship of the place to other places, for example in respect of design,
technology, use, locality or origin;

(k) Any other factor relevant to an understanding of the place.

ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

2. Assessment of Cultural Significance

The validity of the judgments will depend upon the care with which the data is
collected and the reasoning applied to it.

In assessing cultural significance the practitioner should state conclusions.

Unresolved aspects should be identified.

Along with the principal significance of a place, all other aspects of significance
should be given consideration.

Extent of recording
In assessing these matters a practitioner should record the place sufficiently to
provide a basis for the necessary discussion of the facts. During such recording any
obviously urgent problems endangering the place, such as stability and
security, should be reported to the client.

Intervention in the fabric

Intervention in, or removal of, fabric at this stage should be strictly within the
terms of the Conservation Guidelines.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

3. Statement Of Cultural Significance

The practitioner should prepare a succinct statement of cultural significance, supported

by, or cross referenced to, sufficient graphic material to help identify the fabric of
cultural significance.

It is essential that the statement be clear and pithy, expressing simply why the place is
of value but not restating the physical or documentary evidence.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Hypotheses
Hypotheses, however expert or informed, should not be presented as
established fact.

Feasible or possible hypotheses should be set out, with the evidence for and
against them, and the line of reasoning that has been followed.

Any attempt which has been made to check a hypothesis should be recorded,
so as to avoid repeating fruitless research.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

HERITAGE CONSERVATION THROUGH PEOPLES PARTICIPATION:

Partha Village, Midnapur, West Bengal

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
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CONFLICT AND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Case study of CAMBODIA involving community

Urban Heritage Conservation

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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION