Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the method of research being used, the research design,

the locale of the study, the research participant’s, the research instrumentation, data

gathering procedure, qualitative analysis, rigors of qualitative research and the ethical

considerations employed by the researchers in conducting the study.

Research Design

This is a qualitative study which employed a phenomenological research design

using naturalistic approach to gather relevant data. The naturalistic approaches concern

itself with understanding and interpreting meanings that the participants provide. The

said research design aims to understand and interpret the meaning and emotion that

underlie everyday action of people who were affected and how it affects them especially

the experiences provided. (Groenewald, 2014)

According to Smith (2006) phenomenology is the study of consciousness as

experienced from the first‐person point of view. Focusing the philosophical theory of

mind on intentionality, or mental representation, it lays a foundation for empirical studies

of mind in cognitive science.

Research Locale

This study was to be conducted at Irineo L. Santiago National High School of

Metro Dadiangas (ILSNHSMD), General Santos City school year 2018-2019. If offers

academic track (STEM, HUMMS, ABM) and Tech-Voc Track (Pluming, Computer
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System Servicing, Dressmaking, Housekeeping, Cookery, Caregiving, SMAW, and

Beauty Care)

Participants

The participants of this study were the student under Technical- Vocational

Strand specifically Computer System Servicing Students of ILSNHSMD General Santos

City. The researchers selected eight students to be the participants of the study. The

said students were selected using purposive sampling.

Purposive sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on

characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also

known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. (Ashley, 2018)

Research Instrumentation
In identifying The Experiences of Grade 12 Computer System Servicing students

in work immersion, participants answered the interview guide validated by of the two

teachers in qualitative research.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were undertaken by the investigators in conducting the study.

I. Initial stage

The researchers wrote a letter to the principal regarding to the conduct of the

study. Upon the approval of the teacher of Grade 12 Computer System Servicing, the

researchers informed in the study and met the participants initially.

II. Actual implementation stage

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At this stage, the researchers conducted the interview, the potential participants

based on the inclusion criteria which are the following:

(a) should be a Grade 12 Computer System Servicing Student; (b) should be

Male or Female; (c) should have experience in work immersion; (d) should be

willing to participate in the study about work immersion.

III. Post Implementation Stage

The researchers transcribed the data using Colaizzi’s Seven Steps of

Phenomenological Analysis gathered from the focus group discussion and from

the recorded-taped classroom observation.

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is a security analysis that uses subjective judgement based

on unquantifiable information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength

of research and development, and labor relations. (Kenton, 2017)

Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted at Irineo L. Santiago

National High School of Metro Dadiangas using a pre-prepared interview guide. The

eight parcipants of Grade 12 Computer System Servicing were encouraged to talk freely

and to tell about their experiences using their own words.

The following steps represent Colaizzi process for phenomenological data analysis

(Sosha, 2014)

 Read and re-read each transcript in order to obtain a general sense about the

work immersion.
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 Significant statements that pertain to the phenomenon under study were

extracted in each transcript. These statements must be recorded on a separate

sheet nothing their pages and lines numbers.

 Meanings were formulated from these significant statements.

 The formulated meanings were sorted into categories, cluster of themes, and

themes.

 The findings of the study were integrated into an exhaustive description of the

work immersion

 The fundamental structure of the phenomenon should be described.

 Validation of the findings was sought from the research participants to compare

the researcher’s descriptive results with their experiences.

Rigors of Qualitative Research

The concept of Rigors in qualitative research using a phenomenological study as

an exemplar to further illustrate the process. Elaborating on epistemological and

theoretical conceptualizations by Lincoln and Guba, strategies congruent with

qualitative perspective for ensuring validity to establish the credibility of the study are

described. (Cypress, 2017)

1. Credibility- The confidence that can be placed in the truth of the research

findings. Credibility establishes whether the research findings represent plausible

information drawn from the participants’ original data and is a correct

interpretation of the participants’ original views. (Lincoln, 2018)

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2. Transferability - The degree to which the results of qualitative research can be

transferred to other contexts or settings with other respondents. The researcher

facilitates the transferability judgment by a potential user through thick

description. (Lincoln, 2018).

3. Dependability- The stability of findings over time. Dependability involves

participants’ evaluation of the findings, interpretation and recommendations of

the study such that all are supported by the data as received from participants of

the study. (Lincoln, 2018)

4. Confirmability - The degree to which the findings of the research study could

be confirmed by other researchers. Confirmability is concerned with establishing

that data and interpretations of the findings are not figments of the inquirer’s

imagination, but clearly derived from the data. (Lincoln, 2018)

Ethical Considerations

There are several things to be considered in working with qualitative research

which will manage and guide the researcher’s behaviour during the conduct of the

study. Research ethics specifically refers in the analysis of ethical issues that are raised

when people are involved as participants in research. This also includes the rules or

policies that are significant to the researchers as they analyse and interpret the data

gathered. This includes the Honesty in which the researchers are not allowed to

fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data, Objectivity which refers to the avoidance of

biases in data analysis and interpretation, Integrity, Carefulness, Openness, Respect for

Intellectual Property, Confidentiality, Responsible Publication and Mentoring, Respect

for Colleagues, Social Responsibility, Non-Discrimination, and Competence.

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During the conduct of the study, the researchers should be careful not to offend

the participants and respect the participant’s privacy. The participants’ responses

should be carefully taken care of and confidentially treated.

To gain the trust of the participants, they were informed regarding the conduct of

the study before the actual interview and right after the permission will be given by the

principal. The researchers thoroughly explained to the participants the purpose and

importance of the conduct of the study and how the participants’ responses can

contribute to the improvement of the subject of the study.

In the transcribing of the data, the participants assured that the ideas and

information they shared in the final transcription. The participants were part of the

review of the finality of the study.