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Home > Communities > Computers & Internet > ORACLE > Forum > Messages
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10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

This CREATE PROCEDURE statement:

* Names the procedure UPDATE_SALARY_2.

* Defines parameter EMPLOYEE_NUMBER which is an input parameter and is a character data type of
length 6 and parameter RATING which is an input parameter and is an integer data type.
* Indicates the procedure is an SQL procedure that modifies SQL data.
* Defines the procedure body. When the procedure is called, input parameter RATING is checked and the
appropriate update statement is executed.

Multiple statements can be added to a procedure body by adding a compound statement. Within a
compound statement, any number of SQL statements can be specified. In addition, SQL variables,
cursors, and handlers can be declared.

The following example takes as input the department number. It returns the total salary of all the
employees in that department and the number of employees in that department who get a bonus.

10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

CREATE PROCEDURE RETURN_DEPT_SALARY

(IN DEPT_NUMBER CHAR(3),
OUT DEPT_SALARY DECIMAL(15,2),
OUT DEPT_BONUS_CNT INT)
LANGUAGE SQL READS SQL DATA
P1: BEGIN
DECLARE EMPLOYEE_SALARY DECIMAL(9,2);
DECLARE EMPLOYEE_BONUS DECIMAL(9,2);
DECLARE TOTAL_SALARY DECIMAL(15,2)DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE BONUS_CNT INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE END_TABLE INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE C1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT SALARY, BONUS FROM CORPDATA.EMPLOYEE
WHERE WORKDEPT = DEPT_NUMBER;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND
SET END_TABLE = 1;
DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION
SET DEPT_SALARY = NULL;
OPEN C1;
FETCH C1 INTO EMPLOYEE_SALARY, EMPLOYEE_BONUS;
WHILE END_TABLE = 0 DO
SET TOTAL_SALARY = TOTAL_SALARY + EMPLOYEE_SALARY + EMPLOYEE_BONUS;
IF EMPLOYEE_BONUS > 0 THEN
SET BONUS_CNT = BONUS_CNT + 1;
END IF;
FETCH C1 INTO EMPLOYEE_SALARY, EMPLOYEE_BONUS;
END WHILE;
CLOSE C1;
SET DEPT_SALARY = TOTAL_SALARY;
SET DEPT_BONUS_CNT = BONUS_CNT;
END P1

10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

This CREATE PROCEDURE statement:

* Names the procedure RETURN_DEPT_SALARY.

* Defines parameter DEPT_NUMBER which is an input parameter and is a character data type of length
3, parameter DEPT_SALARY which is an output parameter and is a decimal data type, and parameter
DEPT_BONUS_CNT which is an output parameter and is an integer data type.
* Indicates the procedure is an SQL procedure that reads SQL data
* Defines the procedure body.
o Declares SQL variables EMPLOYEE_SALARY and TOTAL_SALARY as decimal fields.
o Declares SQL variables BONUS_CNT and END_TABLE which are integers and are initialized to 0.
o Declares cursor C1 that selects the columns from the employee table.
o Declares a continue handler for NOT FOUND, which, when called sets variable END_TABLE to 1. This
handler is called when the FETCH has no more rows to return. When the handler is called, SQLCODE
and SQLSTATE are reinitialized to 0.
o Declares an exit handler for SQLEXCEPTION. If called, DEPT_SALARY is set to NULL and the
processing of the compound statement is terminated. This handler is called if any errors occur, that is, the
SQLSTATE class is not '00', '01' or '02'. Since indicators are always passed to SQL procedures, the
indicator value for DEPT_SALARY is -1 when the procedure returns. If this handler is called, SQLCODE
and SQLSTATE are reinitialized to 0.

If the handler for SQLEXCEPTION is not specified and an error occurs that is not handled in another
handler, execution of the compound statement is terminated and the error is returned in the SQLCA.
Similar to indicators, the SQLCA is always returned from SQL procedures.
o Includes an OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE of cursor C1. If a CLOSE of the cursor is not specified, the
cursor is closed at the end of the compound statement since SET RESULT SETS is not specified in the
CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

o Includes a WHILE statement which loops until the last record is fetched. For each row retrieved, the
TOTAL_SALARY is incremented and, if the employee's bonus is more than 0, the BONUS_CNT is
incremented.
o Returns DEPT_SALARY and DEPT_BONUS_CNT as output parameters.

Compound statements can be made atomic so if an error occurs that is not expected, the statements
within the atomic statement are rolled back. The atomic compound statements are implemented using
SAVEPOINTS. If the compound statement is successful, the transaction is committed. For more
information about using SAVEPOINTS, see Savepoints.

The following example takes as input the department number. It ensures the EMPLOYEE_BONUS table
exists, and inserts the name of all employees in the department who get a bonus. The procedure returns
the total count of all employees who get a bonus.
10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE_BONUS_TABLE

(IN DEPT_NUMBER CHAR(3),
INOUT CNT INT)
LANGUAGE SQL MODIFIES SQL DATA
CS1: BEGIN ATOMIC
DECLARE NAME VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '42710'
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO CNT
FROM DATALIB.EMPLOYEE_BONUS;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '23505'
SET CNT = CNT - 1;
DECLARE UNDO HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION
SET CNT = NULL;
IF DEPT_NUMBER IS NOT NULL THEN
CREATE TABLE DATALIB.EMPLOYEE_BONUS
(FULLNAME VARCHAR(30),
BONUS DECIMAL(10,2),
PRIMARY KEY (FULLNAME));
FOR_1:FOR V1 AS C1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT FIRSTNME, MIDINIT, LASTNAME, BONUS
FROM CORPDATA.EMPLOYEE
WHERE WORKDEPT = CREATE_BONUS_TABLE.DEPT_NUMBER
DO
IF BONUS > 0 THEN
SET NAME = FIRSTNME CONCAT ' ' CONCAT
MIDINIT CONCAT ' 'CONCAT LASTNAME;
INSERT INTO DATALIB.EMPLOYEE_BONUS
VALUES(CS1.NAME, FOR_1.BONUS);
SET CNT = CNT + 1;
END IF;
END FOR FOR_1;
END IF;
END CS1
10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

This CREATE PROCEDURE statement:

* Names the procedure CREATE_BONUS_TABLE.

* Defines parameter DEPT_NUMBER which is an input parameter and is a character data type of length 3
and parameter CNT which is an input/output parameter and is an integer data type.
* Indicates the procedure is an SQL procedure that modifies SQL data
* Defines the procedure body.
o Declares SQL variable NAME as varying character.
o Declares a continue handler for SQLSTATE 42710, table already exists. If the EMPLOYEE_BONUS
table already exists, the handler is called and retrieves the number of records in the table. The SQLCODE
and SQLSTATE are reset to 0 and processing continues with the FOR statement.
o Declares a continue handler for SQLSTATE 23505, duplicate key. If the procedure attempts to insert a
name that already exists in the table, the handler is called and decrements CNT. Processing continues on
the SET statement following the INSERT statement.
o Declares an UNDO handler for SQLEXCEPTION. If called, the previous statements are rolled back,
CNT is set to 0, and processing continues after the compound statement. In this case, since there is no
statement following the compound statement, the procedure returns.
o Uses the FOR statement to declare cursor C1 to read the records from the EMPLOYEE table. Within
the FOR statement, the column names from the select list are used as SQL variables that contain the
data from the row fetched. For each row, data from columns FIRSTNME, MIDINIT, and LASTNAME are
concatenated together with a blank in between and the result is put in SQL variable NAME. SQL variables
NAME and BONUS are inserted into the EMPLOYEE_BONUS table. Because the data type of the select
list items must be known when the procedure is created, the table specified in the FOR statement must
exist when the procedure is created.
10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

*
o

An SQL variable name can be qualified with the label name of the FOR statement or compound
statement in which it is defined. In the example, FOR_1.BONUS refers to the SQL variable that contains
the value of column BONUS for each row selected. CS1.NAME is the variable NAME defined in the
compound statement with the beginning label CS1. Parameter names can also be qualified with the
procedure name. CREATE_BONUS_TABLE.DEPT_NUMBER is the DEPT_NUMBER parameter for the
procedure CREATE_BONUS_TABLE. If unqualified SQL variable names are used in SQL statements
where column names are also allowed, and the variable name is the same as a column name, the name
will be used to refer to the column.

You can also use dynamic SQL in an SQL procedure. The following example creates a table that contains
all employees in a specific department. The department number is passed as input to the procedure and
is concatenated to the table name.

CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE_DEPT_TABLE (IN P_DEPT CHAR(3))

LANGUAGE SQL
BEGIN
DECLARE STMT CHAR(1000);
DECLARE MESSAGE CHAR(20);
DECLARE TABLE_NAME CHAR(30);
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION
SET MESSAGE = 'ok';
SET TABLE_NAME = 'CORPDATA.DEPT_' CONCAT P_DEPT CONCAT '_T';
SET STMT = 'DROP TABLE ' CONCAT TABLE_NAME;
PREPARE S1 FROM STMT;
EXECUTE S1;
SET STMT = 'CREATE TABLE ' CONCAT TABLE_NAME CONCAT
'( EMPNO CHAR(6) NOT NULL,
FIRSTNME VARCHAR(12) NOT NULL,
MIDINIT CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
LASTNAME CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
SALARY DECIMAL(9,2))';
PREPARE S2 FROM STMT;
EXECUTE S2;
SET STMT = 'INSERT INTO ' CONCAT TABLE_NAME CONCAT
'SELECT EMPNO, FIRSTNME, MIDINIT, LASTNAME, SALARY
FROM CORPDATA.EMPLOYEE
WHERE WORKDEPT = ?';
PREPARE S3 FROM STMT;
EXECUTE S3 USING P_DEPT;
END

10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

This CREATE PROCEDURE statement:

* Names the procedure CREATE_DEPT_TABLE

* Defines parameter P_DEPT which is an input parameter and is a character data type of length 3.
* Indicates the procedure is an SQL procedure.
* Defines the procedure body.
o Declares SQL variable STMT and an SQL variable TABLE_NAME as character.
o Declares a CONTINUE handler. The procedure attempts to DROP the table in case it already exists. If
the table does not exist, the first EXECUTE fails. With the handler, processing will continue.
o Sets variable TABLE_NAME to 'DEPT_' followed by the characters passed in parameter P_DEPT,
followed by '_T'.
o Sets variable STMT to the DROP statement, and prepares and executes the statement.
o Sets variable STMT to the CREATE statement, and prepares and executes the statement.
o Sets variable STMT to the INSERT statement, and prepares and executes the statement. A parameter
marker is specified in the where clause. When the statement is executed, the variable P_DEPT is passed
on the USING clause.

If the procedure is called passing value 'D21' for the department, table DEPT_D21_T is created and the
table is initialized with all the employees that are in department 'D21'.

10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

Savepoints

Savepoints allow you to create milestones within a transaction. If the transaction rolls back, changes are
undone back to the specified savepoint, rather than to the beginning of the transaction. A savepoint is set
by using the SAVEPOINT SQL statement. For example, create a savepoint called STOP_HERE:

SAVEPOINT STOP_HERE
ON ROLLBACK RETAIN CURSORS

Program logic in the application dictates whether the savepoint name is reused as the application
progresses, or if the savepoint name denotes a unique milestone in the application that should not be
reused.

If the savepoint represents a unique milestone that should not be moved with another SAVEPOINT
statement, specify the UNIQUE keyword. This prevents the accidental reuse of the name that can occur
by invoking a stored procedure that uses the identical savepoint name in a SAVEPOINT statement.
However, if the SAVEPOINT statement is used in a loop, then the UNIQUE keyword should not be used.
The following SQL statement sets a unique savepoint named START_OVER.

SAVEPOINT START_OVER UNIQUE

ON ROLLBACK RETAIN CURSORS
To rollback to a savepoint, use the ROLLBACK statement with the TO SAVEPOINT clause. The following
example illustrates using the SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT statements:

This application logic books airline reservations on a preferred date, then books hotel reservations. If the
hotel is unavailable, it rolls back the airline reservations and then repeats the process for another date. Up
to 3 dates are tried.
10 Oct
▐►♥ ఓయ్™ ♥◄▌

got_reservations =0;
EXEC SQL SAVEPOINT START_OVER UNIQUE ON ROLLBACK RETAIN CURSORS;

if (SQLCODE != 0) return;

for (i=0; i<3 & got_reservations == 0; ++i)

{
Book_Air(dates(i), ok);
if (ok)
{
Book_Hotel(dates(i), ok);
if (ok) got_reservations = 1;
else
{
EXEC SQL ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT START_OVER;
if (SQLCODE != 0) return;
}
}
}

EXEC SQL RELEASE SAVEPOINT START_OVER;

Savepoints are released using the RELEASE SAVEPOINT statement. If a RELEASE SAVEPOINT
statement is not used to explicitly release a savepoint, it is released at the end of the current savepoint
level or at the end of the transaction. The following statement releases savepoint START_OVER.

RELEASE SAVEPOINT START_OVER

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