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Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012 ISSN: 2277 128X

International Journal of Advanced Research in


Computer Science and Software Engineering
Research Paper
Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com
Performance Analysis of WDM/SCM System Using EDFA
Mukesh Kumar1, Sandeep Singh2, Jay Singh3, Rohini Saxena4
1,4
Assistant professor
2,3
PG Student
ECE, SHIATS-DU
mukesh044@gmail.com

Abstract — The radio-over-fiber (RoF) system is one of the potential schemes for the future broadband wireless communication
systems such as mobile communications, hotspots and suburban areas. In this paper, we present 16 channels of RF carrier
modulation of the Sub Carrier Multiplexing (SCM), which then integrated, with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) for the
Radio over Fibre Link. The integration of the two systems is responding to the demands for high data rate applications and
reasonable mobility for broadband communication. The work also investigates the performance of EDFA for the optical fiber
length up to 100 km. The EDFA introduced as the optical amplifier in the designed system model to encounter the effects of
attenuation, distortion and Rayleigh scattering. The deploying of RF carrier performs by double side band and single side band of
the SCM for bandwidth utilization shown to be much better than conventional optical WDM. However, by applying EDFA with the
length varies from 0m – 5m, the performance show that total power transmission has magnifying the optical signal significantly.
The simulation result has shown that pre-amplifier EDFA in 100km of SCM/WDM RoF system significantly boost the
performance of optical signal strength over the link. The power received increased up to an extent of 50%. The Q-Factor and BER
significantly increased.

Keywords — WDM, SCM, EDFA, BER, Q-Factor

I-INTRODUCTION Base Station Controller’s (BSCs) or Base Transceiver


The increases of bandwidth demand are linear with the System (BTS). Radio
supply of networked services in many cellular operators. over fiber techniques offered to optimize the limitation
The network are setup to provide the user the services that range and bandwidth provided. In order to overcome the
are requires large bandwidth in the traffic, the services losses and attenuation of the traveled signal, we introduce
such as video streaming, data communication, push email, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) in SCM/WDM
teleconference, mobile banking, etc. Therefore, the needs ROF system for over 150km – 200km of optical fiber link.
of broadband consumption of a user are increases. In order The other problem entails inefficient spectral utilization
to supply the needs of bandwidth, many researchers when using the standard channel spacing between WDM
currently actively investigate and focuses on three main signals (spacing higher than twice the highest modulating
components; spectrum allocation of the frequency band, frequency). There would be a large portion of unused
efficiency and to increase the capacity of the cell. In this spectrum between each wavelength and the data signal that
work we propose Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) that this wavelength carries, because the radio carrier is much
complemented with Wavelength Division Multiplexing higher than the bandwidth occupied by the transmitted
(WDM) to be introduced for the ROF. Thus, the data. In order to improve the spectral efficiency of such a
combinations of SCM/WDM expected to supply the ROF system, a fairly new channel spacing technique called
demand of bandwidth increases for the cellular Wavelength Interleaving (WI) has been proposed In
communication. Future ROF systems could be the answer systems employing WI the channel spacing is reduced to
to many urgent needs of the telecommunication networks, values that are less than twice the highest modulating
as they could provide the necessary bandwidth for the frequency .
transmission of broadband data to end-users. These Optical subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a scheme
systems are likely to employ two very efficient where multiple signals are multiplexed in the
multiplexing techniques namely Sub-Carrier Multiplexing radiofrequency (RF) domain and transmitted by a single
(SCM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) wavelength. A significant advantage of SCM is that
.This would allow many Base Stations (BS) in the system microwave devices are more mature than optical devices;
to be fed using a single fiber. Each BS would be assigned the stability of a microwave oscillator and the frequency
its own wavelength and signals sent to different users selectivity of a microwave filter are much better than their
serviced by a particular BS would be transmitted on that optical counterparts. In addition, the low phase noise of RF
wavelength by means of SCM. oscillators makes coherent detection in the RF domain
The shortcoming of cell distribution in cellular easier than optical coherent detection, and advanced
communication is limitation in bandwidth, range and modulation formats can be applied easily. A popular
spectrum allocation in order to maintain high quality of application of SCM technology in fiber optic systems is
delivered signal among Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) to analog cable television (CATV) distribution. Because of
the simple and low-cost implementation, SCM has also
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Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
been proposed to transmit multichannel digital optical The propose SCM/WDM system was model and
signals using direct detection for local area optical simulate to verify design using a commercial optical
networks. system simulator by Optiwave. After transmitted through a
high-bandwidth optical fiber, the combined optical signals
II.SCM/WDM SYSTEM FOR ROF SYSTEM MODEL must demultiplexed at the receiving end by distributing the
The system architecture comprises of 4 block of RF total optical power to each output port and then requiring
module that generate of 4 Binary Phase Shift Keying that each receiver selectively recover only one wavelength
(BPSK) in different frequency channel which is the width by using a tunable optical filter. At the receiver, the
among the channels is 1.8 GHz In the SCM/WDM, the received optical signal will be demultiplex by WDM
CW Laser and MZM Modulator carried the RF modulated Demux and converts into electrical signal by a high speed
data in 1550 nm single wavelength. For this experiment, PIN photo detector. In this works an ideal WDM Demux
we take four sample of WDM channel carried digital data was installed as function as optical signal demultiplexe as
generates by Pseudo Random Bit Sequence (PRBS). Each shown in the fig 2 and 3. It is works as optical filtering that
of the data will be modulated by MZM modulator with compress, split, and filtering desire optical signals. The
varies number of subcarrier which was in gigahertz. The desired received signals are then selected through a Band
composite electrical signal that has generated by the Pass Rectangle filter, which split into individual SCM
electrical transmitter that was amplified to10 dB by an channel frequency. One of the main parameter that is in the
electrical amplifier and transform to optical domain top priority to sustain system quality is the photo detector
through external optical modulator, MZM and CW laser sensitivity, which determines the minimum light power,
applied as the optical source. The Wavelength Division could be detected by the photo detector. This parameter
Multiplexing (WDM) was setup for multiplexing a single determines the length of a fiber-optic link imposed by a
wavelength in order to transmit through SMF optical link. power limitation.
The WDM was installed to multiplexing optical signal
carrier to the link; the basic operation of the WDM is
several base band-modulated channels are transmitted
along a single fiber but with each channel located at a
different wavelength. In the optical link distance varies
between 10 km up to 100 km for long distance
communication it’s refers to the low cost distance and
resources efficient. The optical amplifier, EDFA was
utilized in this design to amplified signal power with the
fiber length are varied between 2 m up to 5 m. The EDFA
is a length of glass fiber that has doped with the rare-earth
metal Erbium ions. These ions act as an active medium
with the potential to experience inversion of carriers and
emit spontaneous and stimulated emission light near a
desirable signal wavelength. The pump is typically another
light source whose wavelength is preferentially absorbed Figure 2. Proposed simulation setup for WDM with EDFA
by the ions, 0.98 or 1.48 mm for EDFA. The pump and
signal (1.55 mm) must combined, typically by a
wavelength-selective coupler (WDM), and may co- or
counter-propagate with respect to each other inside the
doped length of fiber. Therefore, the light is absorbed by
the doped fiber at a certain pump wavelength and then
produces gain for a signal at a different wavelength. Since
the transmission and the active medium are both fiber
based, the insertion losses are minimal.

Figure. 3 Proposed simulation setup for WDM without EDFA

The more sensitive the photodiode, the longer the link


can afford. Figure 2 and 3 shows the simulation setup of
the proposed WDM system with and without EDFA
respectively.

Figure. 1 The SCM/WDM RoF with EDFA Communication Link


System

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III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS Form the figure 6 we can observe that we are getting
A. Analysis of the proposed system on the basis of good BER for 10 Km by using EDFA. The minimum BER
eye diagram we are getting is in the range of 10 -7 and a quality factor
increased to 4.9. Jitter is 0ns and distortion due to the BER
is negligible.
From the figure 7 we can observe that by using EDFA
the BER is improved as we compare it from fig 4.4. The
BER is improved to 10-3 and the quality of the signal
improved from 0 to 2.77.

Figure 4 EYE diagram for system for 10 km without EDFA


Form the figure 4 we can observe that we are getting
good BER for 10 Km. the minimum BER we are getting is
in the range of 10-7 and a quality factor of 4.8. Jitter is 0ns
and distortion due to the BER is negligible.

Fig 7 EYE diagram for system for 100 Km with EDFA

B. Comparison on the basis of performance using


EDFA
In the optical communication link, power is one of the
components that used to transmit optical signal. Through
the fibre link, naturally power drops due to attenuation,
distortion and losses. In this work the propose system was
successfully model and simulated, the results will illustrate
the effect of using EDFA or without EDFA. The distance
link was setup for 10-100 km to evaluate how total power,
Bit Error Rate (BER), Quality factor (Q-factor) and EDFA
have an effect to the link. In this paper we initiate the
power is 0 dBm for 100km.
Figure 5 EYE diagram for system for 100 km without EDFA Figure 8 illustrates the performance of total power to the
length with and without EDFA. Figure 8 shows that
Form the figure 5 we can observe as the distance EDFA can influence the total power to the link distance
increases from 10 to 100 Km the BER become worst for 100 km, where significantly increases -25 to -50 dBm.
the system as we are getting BER increased form 10 -7 to 1
and Quality reduces to zero.

Figure. 8 The power vs. distance for 100 Km for WDM/SCM with and
without EDFA

Fig 6 EYE diagram for system for 10 Km with EDFA It is mean that the power reduced or attenuated over the
link without EDFA. EDFA is able to boost the total power
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Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
that travel over the SMF fibre optic in the SCM/WDM EDFA can also be able to improve the BER of the data.
RoF. However, EDFA model in the SCM/WDM RoF can Therefore EDFA system model works to improve the Bit
proposed for optical cellular and distance extended up to Error rate (BER) of the data transmitted through the
200km. Therefore, the EDFA system model works to WDM/SCM communication link.
augmented total powers that travel over the fibre link and
significantly increases is much better that without EDFA. IV-CONCLUSION
Finally, EDFA able to support the SCM/WDM RoF Optical cellular communication system require signal
system model to maintain the bandwidth provide optical guarantee that capable to overcome distortion and
cellular communication link. For better result in a future attenuation in the communication link. The expected
works, the values of EDFA applied varying the range of system has shown can reduce and minimize the losses until
10m – 20m to obtain the better gain of optical signals. the total power maintained. Hence, the signal quality
improved by utilizing EDFA for 10-100km of SMF for the
SCM/WDM RoF with significantly increases the total
power and minimize the losses. The system simulation
with 0m – 5m length EDFA has verify that technique
capable to boost up to power quality of the optical signal.
Also it was found that by using EDFA the BER is reduced
from 1 to 10-3 and the q-factor increases from 0 to 2.77.
EDFA proficient to maintain of the signal power
augmented more than 50 % of the initiate power. The total
power received with the help of EDFA increased up to 50
dB.

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Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
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