Design of Bearings Viaduct 74+790-75+361 (P14-P19)

Reference Description Output

GENERAL

Bearing pads were modelled using "Link" elements. two types of bearing pads
are to be used in this 5 span simply supported bridge which connected by link
slab.and they are noted as Type 4 & Type 5.relevant stiffnesses were assigned to
link elements to simulate the actual behaviour of bearing pads.

Type 5 bearing are used for initial pier (P14) & Abutment (A2) which having
expansion joints, 2 lines of type 4 bearing are used at middle three piers which
having Dowels.(Refer figure below).

Type 4- 350 x400 x69

Type 5- 350 x450 x99

Bearing type Position

Symbols

b = Overall width of the bearing (in mm)

l = Overall length of the bearing (in mm)

δb = Maximum horizontal relative displacement of parts of the bearing in

the direction of dimension b of the bearing due to all design load
effects

δ1 = Maximum horizontal relative displacement of parts of the bearing in

the direction of dimension l of the bearing due to all design load
effects

δr = Maximum resultant relative displacement of parts of the bearing

obtained by vectorical addition of δb and δl. δr=sqrt(δb^2+δl^2)

tq = Total thickness of the elastomer in shear.

le = Effective length of the bearing (= length of reinforcing plates)

be = Effective width of the bearing (= width of reinforcing plates)

1
 Design of Bearings Viaduct 74+790-75+361 (P14-P19)
Reference Description Output

lp = Force-free perimeter of the bearing, including that of any holes if

there are not later effectively plugged. For a rectangular bearing
without holes lp = 2 (l + b)

Ae = Effective plan area of the bearing, i.e. the plan area common to
elastomer and steel plate, excluding the area of any holes if theses
are not later effectively plugged. For a rectangular bearing without
holes, Ae=le x be

A1 = Reduced effective plan area due to the loading effect,

A1=Ae x (1-δb/be-δl/le)

te = Effective thickness of an individual elastomer lamination

compression, it is taken as the actual thickness, ti for inner layers,
and 1.4 ti for outer layers

S = Shape factor. For laminated bearing, S=Ae/(lp x te)

k = Factor. For live load affects k=1.5, For all other effects (including
wind and temperature) k=1.0

εc = Nominal strain due to compressive loads, εc=1.5 x V/(GxA1xS)

V = Vertical design load effect (in N)

αb = Angle of rotation across the width b of the bearing (in radians)

α1 = Angle of rotation across the length l of the bearing (in radians)

ti = Thickness of the individual layer of elastomer being checked

εα = Nominal strain due to angular rotation, εa=(be2x αb+le2 x αl)/(2x ti x Σti)

t1 = Thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate

t2 = Thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate

σs = Stress in the steel, which should be taken as not greater than the yiel
stress, nor greater than 120N/mm 2 for plates with holes, 290 N/mm 2
for plate without holes

s' = Shape factor for the thickest elastomer layer

Σti = Total thickness of elastomer in the bearing

H = Design force exerted by the bearing to resist translational movement

(in N)

δ = Vertical deflection of an individual layer of elastomer

2
 Design of Bearings Viaduct 74+790-75+361 (P14-P19)
Reference Description Output
th
ELASTOMERIC LAMINATED BEARING - TYPE 5 (ON 14 pier)
Bearing type - 350 x 450 H= 99 mm te = 71 mm

5
11
2.5 4

Dimension of Elastomer Layer

SLS Loads from super structure

Vertical Maximum = 1674 kN

Vertical Permanent = 860 kN
Vertical Minimum = 632 kN

Translation
Transvers = 0.00 mm
Longitudinal = 13.57 mm

Rotation
Longitudinal = 0.0045 rad
Transvers = 0.0003 rad

Bearing Dimensions

Width of bearing (b) = 350 mm

Length of bearing (l) = 450 mm
Inner layer thickness (ti) = 11 mm
No. of inner layers = 6 Layers
Outer layer thickness (to) = 2.5 mm
Thickness of steel plate (ts) = 4 mm
No. of steel plates = 7 Layers
Edg cover (E) = 5 mm
Total bearing thickness (t) = 99 mm

3
 Design of Bearings Viaduct 74+790-75+361 (P14-P19)
Reference Description Output

Moduli of Elastomers

BS 5400 IRHD = 60
Part 9.1 Shear (G) = 0.9 N/mm2
1983 Bulk (Eb) = 2000 N/mm2
Table 8
Parameters
tq = 11 x 6 + 2.5 x 2 mm
= 71 mm

δb = 13.57 mm
δ1 = 0.00 mm

δr = ( δb2 + δl2 )0.5

δr = 13.6 mm

be = 340 mm
le = 440 mm

lp = 1600 mm
Ae = 149600 mm2
A1 = 143631 mm2

k = 1.5

αb = 0.0045 rad
α1 = 0.0003 rad

t1 = 2.5 mm
t2 = 11 mm
σs = 290 N/mm2

S' = 8.5
Σti = 71 mm
2beGS'/3Σti = 24.4
be/4 = 85 mm

Inner layer ti = 11 mm
te = 11 mm
Si = 8.5
εc = 2.29
εα = 0.37

Outer layer ti = 2.5 mm

te = 3.5 mm
So = 26.7
εc = 0.73
εα = 1.62

4
 Design of Bearings Viaduct 74+790-75+361 (P14-P19)
Reference Description Output
Vti Vti
δ = +
5AeGS2 Ae Eb
Inner layer δ = 0.440 mm
Outer layer δ = 0.023 mm

Checkings

Check for shear strain

10.2 Shear Strain (εq=δr/tq) = 0.19 < 0.7 Hence ok

Check for maximum design strain

10.6 Maximum design strain ( εt )

εt = k(εc+εq+εα)
Inner layer = 4.27 < 5 Hence ok
Outer layer = 3.8 < 5 Hence ok

Check for reinforcing plate thickness

10.7 Minimum thickness of steel = 1.3V(t1 +t2)/A1σs but not less than 2 mm
plate
= 2.0 mm < 4 mm Hence ok

Check for stability

10.8 V/A1 = 11.65
2beGS'/3Σti = 24.4
V/A1 < 2beGS'/3Σti Hence ok

Σti = 71
be/4 = 85
Σti < be/4 Hence ok

Check for Vertical Deflection

10.9 Vertical Deflection ( Δ ) = Σδ

= 0.44 x 6 + 0.023 x 2
= 2.69 mm

Check for rotational limitation

10.10 ( beαb + le α1) = 1.65 mm < Δ Hence ok

Check for fixing of bearings

Under all load condition,
H =( 87.82 + 47.57 ) / 5 kN
10.11 H = 27078 N
0.1(V+2A1) = 91926 N
H < 0.1(V+2A1) Hence ok
Under permanent load
V/A1 = 5.99 > 2 Hence ok