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Table of Contents
Challenge 3-A .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Challenge 3.B.I – Materials and Methods Section ................................................................................... 2
3. B.I.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
3. B.I.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 2
3. B.I.3 .................................................................................................................................................. 3
3. B.I.4 .......................................................................................................................................... 3

3. B.I.5 ....................................................................................................................................... 3

3. B.I.6 .................................................................................................................................... 4

3. B.I.7 ................................................................................................................................ 4

Challenge 3. B.II-Literature Review Section ............................................................................................ 4


Environmental Conservation in the Transport Sector ........................................................................ 4
Sources and benefits of Green Energy .............................................................................................. 5
Use of Green Energy in the Transport Sector ............................................................................ 6
Challenge 3.B.III Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 7
Environmental Conservation in the Transport Sector ........................................................................ 7
Sources and benefits of Green Energy .............................................................................................. 7
Use of Green energy in the transport sector ................................................................................ 7
Challenge 3.B.IV. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 9
3.B.IV.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.B.IV.2 ................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.B.IV.3 ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3.B.IV.4 ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.B.IV.5 ........................................................................................................................ 10
Challenge 3. B.V Revised abstract ........................................................................................................... 10
3. B.V.1 ................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.B.V.2 ................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.B.IV.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.B.IV.4 ............................................................................................................................ 11
References .......................................................................................................................................... 12
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Challenge 3-A

This paper seeks to enhance environmental conversation by introducing the use of green

energy. There is a growing need to conserve our environment by exploring other means to carry

out our daily activities such as transport. In this paper, attention is paid on the current means of

transport and the type of energy used to drive the activity across the world. This is due to the

negative impact that it has created on the environment including pollution through emission of

harmful gases and also the depletion of the sources of energy used to drive transport. The paper

looks at the use of electricity to drive transport as electricity can be obtained from many sources

including wind-power and the solar system. Theoretical and empirical insights are applied to

provide information on the topic.

Challenge 3.B.I – Materials and Methods Section

3. B.I.1

Information on the topic was obtained from existing literature and researches obtained

from numerous sources including Google scholar, Semantic Scholar, Science Direct Database

and Elsevier Database. The university-library based material was also used to acquire

information on the subject topic.

3. B.I.2

The following terms were used in the search for information on the subject topic; Green

Transportation.

- Transport modes
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- Sources of energy used in the transport sector

- Environmental conservation

- O-zone Layer

- Advantages and Disadvantages of road transport

- Electric power

- Sources/types of electric power

- Improving road transport

- Electric cars

- Use of electricity in road transport

- Advantages of electric cars over carbon based fuels

3. B.I.3

The strategy used in obtaining information include searching the key terms and phrases

on the sources identified above. Information gathered needed to be peer reviewed and

authoritative for credibility and accuracy.

3. B.I.4

Papers selected need to be peer reviewed and closely related to the main topic. They also needed

to be highly accurate to the subject topic.

3. B.I.5

Initially, a total of 19 papers were selected.


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3. B.I.6

Upon further review of the papers selected, 11 papers were finally selected.

3. B.I.7

No additional methods were used.

Challenge 3. B.II-Literature Review Section

Environmental Conservation in the Transport Sector

Du et al (2019). This paper helps to understand the link between the transport sector and

environmental degradation by evaluating the level and the impact of CO2 emissions in the

Chinese transport system.

Xie et al. (2018). This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis approach to calculate energy

efficiency in China’s transport sector in the wake of climate change and sustainable development

awareness.

Ong, et al. (2012). This paper analyzes the energy patterns and greenhouse emissions trends in

Malaysia’s road transport.

Wu et al. (2019). This paper measures energy and environmental efficiency of 38 China

industrial sectors.

Huizenga and Baker (2010). This paper looks at the applicability of the post 2012 climate

instruments in the transport sector.


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Environmental conservation is a topic that has gained a lot of attention in the recent past

as a result of the deteriorating climate change conditions. It is therefore important for every

economic sector to review its operations and device means within which it can participate in the

drive towards environmental conservation. The transport sector, as highlighted in the article by

Ong et al (2012), is a major source of greenhouse emissions. This article, along the others

highlighted above present an analysis of the harm created by the transport sector, as well as

means that the sector can be revised to support the drive towards environmental conservation.

Sources and benefits of Green Energy

Barbra et al (2018). This paper looks at the different alternative sources of green energy

available.

He at al (2019). This paper presents an empirical analysis of investment in green energy and the

benefits obtained by taking a review of 150 listed companies in China that use green energy.

Tsagarakis et al (2018). This paper presents a clear definition between green energy and clean

energy.

In the wake environmental conservation campaigns, alternative sources of energy need to

be identified to replace the conventional sources of energy that are causing harm to the

environment. These sources need to be carefully analyzed and their impact identified to avoid

creating a recurring adverse effect on the environment.


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Use of Green Energy in the Transport Sector

Lorenzi and Baptista (2018). This paper looks into the methods employed in Portugal to drive a

more sustainable transport sector.

Dorotic et al (2019). This paper looks into means of integrating renewable energy in the transport

sector by using a case study of the Island of Korcula in Croatia.

Bergi (2017). This paper presents how renewable energy can be integrated into the transport

sector.

Xie et al. (2018). This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis approach to calculate energy

efficiency in China’s transport sector in the wake of climate change and sustainable development

awareness. In line with this topic, the paper expresses how China has improved energy efficiency

in the transport sector.

While talking about environmental conservation, use of green energy is one of the topics

that are discussed. Industries and economic sectors have embraced the use of green energy to run

their activities successfully. In the transport sector, there is a need to change the type of energy

used and how it is used. For example, the article by Bergi (2017) presents a framework on how

green energy can be incorporated in the transport sector as well as the morphological conditions

required.
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Challenge 3.B.III Conclusion


Environmental Conservation in the Transport Sector

- Transport sector has been accused of having a high level of green house emissions from

the use of fossil fuels thus harming the environment heavily.

- There is a need to adopt new sources of energy that are less harmful to the environment

to enhance sustainability and environmental conservation.

Sources and benefits of green energy

- Green energy sometimes referred to as clean energy can be obtained from different

sources including solar energy, wind power and other organic sources.

- There are many benefits associated with the use of green energy, among them being

environmental conservation. Ore research is required in order to identify other sources of

green energy to support the already identified sources.

Use of Green energy in the transport sector

- Among the many uses of green energy is to drive transport as a way of enhancing

environmental conservation.

- Areas of integrating green energy need to be developed to substitute the current source of

energy that is currently being used and also to ensure sustainability.


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Challenge 3.B.IV. Introduction

3.B.IV.1

Environmental conservation has gained attention in the 21st century as a result of the

rising levels of climate change. One of the reasons for the increased climate change is the form

of energy being used to run daily activities in the world. The form of energy that has been noted

as most harmful to the environment is the use of fossil fuels. In the transport industry, fossil fuels

are the most commonly used forms of energy. Thus, it is direly necessary that alternative sources

of energy that can be used in the transport sector are identified to help drive the environmental

conservation and sustainability drive forward.

3. B.IV.2

Transport sector has been identified as a major source of green house emissions. This

means that as a result of using fossil fuels in the transport industry, more harm is being done on

the environment, undoing the efforts being made by other sectors of the world economies. This

topic tries to explain the importance of adopting other sources of energy apart from fossil fuels

and how these sources can be integrated into the transport sector.

3. B.IV.3

This topic can provided a basis for policy formulation on environmental conservation in

the transport sector as well as infrastructure development to support the use of the alternative
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sources of energy. Individuals and corporations can also use the findings of this paper to devise

means of integrating environmental conservation into their transport system.

3. B.IV.4

There are many articles and literature on environmental conservation. The articles used

for this research have been peer reviewed, are current and contain accurate and authoritative

information on the topic. The method used in this research involves assessing their reliability and

accuracy based on their currency.

3. B.IV.5

A review of the papers selected indicates that there is a dire need to incorporate the

transport system in the environmental conservation campaign. This is important in order to

enhance sustainability and also to support the efforts being adopted by other sectors of the

economy. In introducing environmental conservation in transport, the most important thing is to

find means of integrating the different sources of alternative energy in the sector.

Challenge 3. B.V Revised abstract

3. B.V.1

The topic being reviewed is “Embracing Environmental Conservation in the Transport Industry”.
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3. B.V.2

This topic is highly relevant as it relates to the growing sensitization on the need for

environmental conservation and the rising climate change.

3. B.V.3

This paper will elaborate how transport sector contributes to climate change, identify other forms

of renewable energy, and elaborate how these sources can be incorporated in the transport sector.

3. B.V.4

This paper seeks to inform the reader on the need to adopt alternative sources of renewable

energy in the transport sector.


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References
Barba, F. J., Gavahian, M., Es, I., Zhu, Z., Chemat, F., Lorenzo, J. M., & Khaneghah, A. M.

(2019). Solar radiation as a prospective energy source for green and economic processes in the

food industry: From waste biomass valorization to dehydration, cooking and baking. Journal of

Cleaner Production.

Berghi, S. (2017). Energy use in Urban Transport sector within the Sustainable Energy Action

Plans (SEAPs) of three Italian Big Cities. Energy Procedia, 126, 414-420.

Dorotić, H., Doračić, B., Dobravec, V., Pukšec, T., Krajačić, G., & Duić, N. (2019). Integration

of transport and energy sectors in island communities with 100% intermittent renewable energy

sources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 99, 109-124.

Du, H., Chen, Z., Peng, B., Southworth, F., Ma, S., & Wang, Y. (2019). What drives CO2

emissions from the transport sector? A linkage analysis. Energy.

He, L., Zhang, L., Zhong, Z., Wang, D., & Wang, F. (2019). Green credit, renewable energy

investment and green economy development: Empirical analysis based on 150 listed companies

of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 363-372.

Huizenga, C., & Bakker, S.J. (2010). Applicability of post 2012 climate instruments to the

transport sector.

Lorenzi, G., & Baptista, P. (2018). Promotion of renewable energy sources in the Portuguese

transport sector: A scenario analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 186, 918-932

Ong, H. C., Mahlia, T. M. I., & Masjuki, H. H. (2012). A review on energy pattern and policy for

transportation sector in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 532-542.
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Tsagarakis, K. P., Mavragani, A., Jurelionis, A., Prodan, I., Andrian, T., Bajare, D., ... &

Stasiuliene, L. (2018). Clean vs. Green: Redefining renewable energy. Evidence from Latvia,

Lithuania, and Romania. Renewable Energy, 121, 412-419.

Wu, J., Li, M., Zhu, Q., Zhou, Z., & Liang, L. (2019). Energy and environmental efficiency

measurement of China's industrial sectors: A DEA model with non-homogeneous inputs and

outputs. Energy Economics, 78, 468-480.

Xie, C., Bai, M., & Wang, X. (2018). Accessing provincial energy efficiencies in China’s

transport sector. Energy Policy, 123, 525-532. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.032

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