Embedding Critical Thinking Through Critical

Title Reading: Teaching Narrative Text In Junior High

School
1. How critical reading can improve
student’s critical thinking skills?
Research Problems 2. How critical reading strategies help
students to think critically in reading
narrative text?
1. What is the effect of teaching critical
reading strategies?
Research Questions 2. What is the implementation of teaching
critical reading model?
3. How to develop reading skills through
critical reading?
Design Quanlitative research (pre-experimental design)
Setting Junior High School in West Java
Subject (s) Seventh Grade Students
 Pre-test
Data and Source of Data  Post-test
 Interview
Numeral and verbal data
Need three data instrument :
 A quantitative database (pre-test and
Data Collection Technique post-test)
 A qualitative database ( interview)
1. Descriptive quantitative analysis of
validation and reliability of pre-test and
Data Analysis post-test
2. Descriptive qualitative analysis of the
interviewing result and classroom
observation.
The finding revealed that there were 18 of 35
students (51%) who made a high improvement of
their critical thinking skills. It means that critical
reading strategies were considered could improve
student’s critical thinking skills in reading
narrative text. In addition, there are five steps in
critical reading strategies :
Finding  Previewing
 Outlining and summarizing
 Questioning
 Reflecting
 Evaluating
The second treatment as suggested by
Willingham (2007)
 Student’s critical thinking evolvement
 Reasoning
 Predicting
 Recognizing context
 questioning
 Teacher’s Way to Foster Critical Thinking in
Title the Classroom
 How the teachers foster critical
thinking in the classroom when
Research Problems teaching argumentative essay in high
school level?
1. What is the concept of critical
thinking?
Research Questions 2. What is the importance of critical
thinking?
3. Why critical thinking should be at
high school level?
Design Qualitative research
Setting Senior High School in Bandung
Subject (s) The teacher and tenth grade students
1. Observation
Data and Source of Data 2. Interview

1. Observation (the behavior, action, and

communication pattern in natural
Data Collection Technique situation).
2. Interview data
1. Data from observation were analyzed
descriptively to describe the approach
implemented to fostering critical
Data Analysis thinking in the class practices.
2. The next step was coding the data or
identifying the evidence that relate to
the research questions.
3. The data were synthesized and
summarized.
4. All interview data were analyzed in
several steps.
There are three broad approaches to the
teaching of critical thinking, which are the
Finding general approach, the infusion approach, and
the mixed approach. But, according to the
data collection through five times
observations by the teacher in teaching
argumentative essay and data interview
conducted revealed that the approach used by
the teacher to fostering critical thinking in the
classroom was inclined to infusion approach,
in which students are encourage to think
critically about the subject and the teacher
did not explain the exact definition of critical.
The teacher guide students to think about the
text by using question and answer process in
all levels of cognitive domains in the
classroom practice.