Aim:

To compare the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon.

Apparatus:

Test tube, test tube rack, 100ml beaker, litmus paper, spatula, measuring cylinder, Bunsen
burner

Materials:

Cyclohexane, Cyclohexene, Toluene, Concentrated sulphuric acid (2.5 M), iodine, water, iron
powder, potassium permanganate solution (0.05M), dilute sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
solution (1.0M)
Procedure:

PART A: ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON

(a) Chlorine Water

i. 1ml of cyclohexane is measured and pour into two separate test tubes.

ii. Add 10-15 drop of chlorine water into both test tubes by using dropper.

iii. The test tubes are shaken well. One of the test tubes is placed in the dark (under
the bench) and another one is exposed to sunlight or bright for a few minutes.

iv. Then, compare the colour of the solution of the two test tubes.

v. Test the presence of hydrogen chloride evolution by holding a moist blue litmus
paper at the mouth of each tubes.

(b) Aqueous potassium permanganate (Bayer’s Test)

i. 5 ml of potassium permanganate solution is measured and put into a test tube.

ii. 3ml of dilute sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution is added to the test tube.

ii. 5 drops of cyclohexene is added to the test tube.

ii. The mixture is shaken well for 2 minutes and the result is observed and recorded.

(c) Sulphuric acid

i. 2ml of concentrated sulphuric acid is measured and pour into a test tube.

ii. 10 drops of cyclohexene is added to the test tube.

iii. The mixture is shaken well for 2 minutes and the result is observed and recorded.

iv. The contents are discarded by pouring them into a beaker containing at least 50ml
of water.
PART B: AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

* these practical are not carried out due to insufficient of chemical substances and apparatus

* the results are all recorded based on theoretically result

(a) Bromine

i. 1 ml of toluene is added to a test tube.

ii. In another test tube, a few iron powders are added followed by 1 ml of toluene.

iii. Using a glass rod to immerse any iron powder trapped on the test tube wall.

iv. 3 drops of bromine water are added to each test tube.

v. The test tubes are placed in a beaker of warm water for 150 minutes.

vi. Observation are made to see whether or not hydrogen bromide was evolved and
record the results.

(b) Aqueous potassium permanganate

i. 5 ml of potassium permanganate solution and 5 ml of dilute sulphuric acid is

measured and put into a test tube.

ii. 5 drops of toluene is added to the test tube.

ii. The mixture is shaken well for 2 minutes and the result is observed and recorded.