Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DC Machines lab

Augmented experiment
By
Ch. Surya teja
(17341A0221)
Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. N S S Rama Krishna

Assistant professor
&
Mr. J. Ravi Kumar
Assistant professor

GMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Rajam, Andra Pradesh
(An Autonomous institute, affiliated to J.N.T.University Kakinada)
NAAC “A” Graded, NBA Accredited
 Abstract
Energy plays a very important role. Since we have abundant sources of energy but
we can’t use them directly due to some economical and geographical problem. So
it is necessary to convert available energy to fulfill our requirements. DC Motors
plays an important role in energy conversion process. It is a machine which
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In mechanical system, speed
varies with number of task so speed control is necessary to do mechanical work in
a proper way. It makes motor to operate easily. Shunt motor is a special type of DC
motor which runs at a constant speed. But using field and armature rheostat control
method we can make it more versatile. Field rheostat provides above normal speed
and armature rheostat provides wide range of below normal speed. So applying
both methods simultaneously, we can obtain wide range of speed for different
applications. The main problem of this method is bulky rheostat is required across
the armature so a large amount of power is wasted in the controlling resistance and
poor speed regulation results for the lower speed. So we are limited for lower
speed. But for industrial application it is more suitable, economic and energy
efficient. We can use such motor in lathes, centrifugal pumps, machine tools and
modern electric drives. This method of speed control is independent of load on the
motor and permits remote control of speed.
 Swinburne’s test of DC Shunt machine

AIM: To conduct Swinburne’s test of DC SHUNT MACHINE using MATLAB

APPARATUS: MATLAB software
THEORY:
Testing of D.C. machines can be divided into three methods: (a) direct (b)
regenerative, and (c) indirect. Swinburne’s Test is an indirect method of testing a
D.C. machine. In this method, the constant losses of the D.C. machine are
calculated at no-load. Hence, its efficiency either as a motor or as a generator can
be pre-determined. In this method, the power requirement is very small. Hence,
this method can be used to pre-determine the efficiency of higher capacity D.C.
machines as a motor and as a generator.
Disadvantages:
(1) Efficiency at actual load is not accurately known.
(2) Temperature rise on load is not known.
(3) Sparking at commutator on load is not known.
Power input at No-load = Constant losses + Armature copper losses
Power input at No-load = Constant losses
Power input = Va Ia + Vf If
In Swinburne’s test no load power input is only required to supply the losses. The
losses occur in the machine mainly are:
 Iron losses in the core
 Friction and windings losses
 Armature copper loss.
Since the no load mechanical output of the machine is zero in Swinburne’s test,
the no load input power is only used to supply the losses.
Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is Motoring on Load

Power input = VI
Armature copper loss,
Constant losses,

∴ Efficiency of the motor:

Calculation of Efficiency When the Machine is Generating on Load

Power input = VI
Armature copper loss,
Constant losses,

∴ Efficiency of the generator:

Matlab code:
clear all;
clc;
Vo=input('enter the voltage');
Io=input('enter no load line current');
Ish=input('enter no load shunt field current');
Ra=2.69;
Rsh=366.67;
%calculation of motor%
Iam=Io-Ish
Pinm=Vo*Io
Pshm=Ish^2*Rsh
Pcum=(Io-Ish)^2*Ra
Pcm=(Vo*Io)-(Pcum)
%efficiency
I=[3 6 9 12]
Iam=I-Ish
Pinm=Vo.*I
Poum=Pinm-(Pcum+Pcm)
effm=(Poum.*100)./Pinm
%calculation of generator%
Iag=Io+Ish
Poug=Vo*Io
Pshg=Ish^2*Rsh
Pcug=(Io+Ish)^2*Ra
Pcg=(Vo*Io)+(Pcug)
%efficiency
I=[ 3 6 9 12]
Iag=I-Ish
Poug=Vo.*I
Ping=Poug+(Pcug+Pcg)
effg=(Poug.*100)./Ping
subplot(3,2,1)
plot(I,effm)
axis([0 10 10 100])
title('Current Vs Efficiency of motor')
xlabel('current(i)(A)')
ylabel('efficiency of motor(%)')
subplot(3,2,2)
plot(I,effg)
axis([0 10 10 100])
title('Current Vs Efficiency of generator')
xlabel('current(i)(A)')
ylabel('efficiency of generator(%)')
graph:

Conclusion:Thus the Swineburne’s test of a DC shunt motor has been done

using mat lab software. In this the Constant losses are calculated which are used
to compute the efficiency of a D.C. machine as a generator and as a motor
without actually loading it.