NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF

DAMPED AND UNDAMPED

FREE VIBRATIONS
P.R.SRI HARI RAJU
16030141AE053
In this experiment we try to find out the various Cases such as
Undamped Free Vibration and Damped Vibration which has three
Cases namely Under-Damped Condition, Critically Damped Condition
and the Over-Damped Condition, by using displacement equation.
Free Vibrations:
Free vibrations are oscillations where the total energy stays the same
over time. This means that the amplitude of the vibration stays the
same. This is a theoretical idea because in real systems the energy is
dissipated to the surroundings.

Objects which are free to vibrate will have one or more natural
frequency at which they vibrate.

If an object is being forced to vibrate at its natural frequency,

resonance will occur and you will observe large amplitude vibrations.
The resonant frequency is f0.

Damped vibrations:

Now we see the second type of vibrating system, which composes of

• Spring
• Mass and a
• Damper

In this damped vibrations, we have three another cases, namely

• Under-Damped Condition
• Critically-Damped Condition
• Over-Damped Condition.

The force exerted by a dashpot is proportional to the speed at which

the piston moves and is directed in opposition to the movement
Then we construct a free body diagram of mass, assuming both
displacement and velocity in the positive u direction, we get the figure
and this equation of motion:

where c is the constant of proportionality between the damper’s force

and the speed at which it’s extended or retracted

Rearranging the above equation we get,

we get a second order, linear differential equation with constant

coefficients.

. It’s common to divide through by m and introduce some new

variables.

where

is the undamped natural frequency of the system, which we’ve seen

before, and
is the damping coefficient. It is a dimensionless quantity, because c
has the units.

and so does 2mωn.

The quantity 2mωn is called the critical damping constant, cc. The
damping coefficient is therefore often defined this way:

We use some set of formulae for finding out the response.

1. Response Equation of Undamped Free Vibration:

u(t) = x0 cos ω0 t + (v0/ωn)sin ω0 t

2. Response of Under-Damped Free Vibration:

3. Response of Critically-Damped Vibration:

4. Response for Over-Damped Free Vibration:

MATLAB Codes:

list = {'Undamped Condition','Underdamped

Condition','Critically Damped Condition','Overdamped
Condition'};
[indx,tf] =
listdlg('ListString',list,'SelectionMode','single');
Code=indx;
if eq(Code,1)
prompt={'Enter Initial Displacement','Zeta','Spring
Cosntant','Mass','Initial Velocity'};
title='Please Input the Following Values';
dims=[1 30];
definput={'5','0.01','500','5','10'};
answer=inputdlg(prompt,title,dims,definput)
Initial_Displacement=str2double(answer{1});
Zeta=str2double(answer{2});
Spring_Constant=str2double(answer{3});
Mass=str2double(answer{4});
Initial_Velocity=str2double(answer{5});
Natural_Frequency=sqrt(Spring_Constant/Mass);
Time=(0:0.05:6);
Disp_Eqn=Initial_Displacement.*cos(Natural_Frequency.*Tim
e)+(Initial_Velocity./Natural_Frequency).*sin(Natural_Fre
quency.*Time);
plot(Time,Disp_Eqn)
elseif eq(Code,2)
prompt={'Enter Initial Displacement','Zeta','Spring
Cosntant','Mass','Initial Velocity'};
Title='Please Input the Following Values';
dims=[1 30];
definput={'5','0.01','500','5','10'};
answer=inputdlg(prompt,title,dims,definput)
Initial_Displacement=str2double(answer{1});
Zeta=str2double(answer{2});
Spring_Constant=str2double(answer{3});
Mass=str2double(answer{4});
Initial_Velocity=str2double(answer{5});
Natural_Frequency=sqrt(Spring_Constant/Mass);
Time=(0:0.5:60);
A=Initial_Displacement.*cos(sqrt(1-
Zeta.*Zeta).*Natural_Frequency.*Time);
B=(Initial_Velocity+Zeta.*Natural_Frequency.*Initial_Disp
lacement)./(sqrt(1-Zeta.*Zeta).*Natural_Frequency);
Disp_Eqn=exp(-
Zeta.*Natural_Frequency.*Time).*(A+B.*sin(sqrt(1-
Zeta.*Zeta).*Natural_Frequency.*Time));
plot(Time,Disp_Eqn)

elseif eq(Code,3)
prompt={'Enter Initial Displacement','Zeta','Spring
Cosntant','Mass','Initial Velocity'};
Title='Please Input the Following Values';
dims=[1 30];
definput={'5','0.01','500','5','10'};
answer=inputdlg(prompt,title,dims,definput)
Initial_Displacement=str2double(answer{1});
Zeta=str2double(answer{2});
Spring_Constant=str2double(answer{3});
Mass=str2double(answer{4});
Initial_Velocity=str2double(answer{5});
Natural_Frequency=sqrt(Spring_Constant/Mass);
Time=(0:0.05:6);
Disp_Eqn=(Initial_Displacement+(Initial_Velocity+Natural_
Frequency.*Initial_Displacement).*Time).*exp(-
Natural_Frequency.*Time);
plot(Time,Disp_Eqn)

elseif eq(Code,4)
prompt={'Enter Initial Displacement','Zeta','Spring
Cosntant','Mass','Initial Velocity'};
Title='Please Input the Following Values';
dims=[1 30];
definput={'5','0.01','500','5','10'};
answer=inputdlg(prompt,title,dims,definput);
Initial_Displacement=str2double(answer{1});
Zeta=str2double(answer{2});
Spring_Constant=str2double(answer{3});
Mass=str2double(answer{4});
Initial_Velocity=str2double(answer{5});
Natural_Frequency=sqrt(Spring_Constant/Mass);
Time=(0:0.5:60);
C1=(Initial_Displacement.*Natural_Frequency.*(Zeta+sqrt(Z
eta.*Zeta-
1))+Initial_Velocity)./(2.*Natural_Frequency.*sqrt(Zeta.*
Zeta-1));
C2=(-
Initial_Displacement.*Natural_Frequency.*(Zeta+sqrt(Zeta.
*Zeta-1))-
Initial_Velocity)./(2.*Natural_Frequency.*sqrt(Zeta.*Zeta
-1));
B1=-Zeta+sqrt(Zeta.*Zeta-1);
B2=-Zeta-sqrt(Zeta.*Zeta-1);
Disp_Eqn=C1.*exp(B1.*Natural_Frequency.*Time)+C2.*exp(B2.
*Natural_Frequency.*Time);
plot(Time,Disp_Eqn)
else
f=msgbox('Please Select Any Option');
end

Interface Results:
Sample Graph:
For Undamped Vibration

For Under-damped Vibration:

For Critically-damped Vibration:

For Over-damped Vibration:

Interpretation:
From the graph, we get to know that the Variation of Displacement
with respect to time for the cases of Underdamped, Critically-
Damped, Overdamped and Undamped Conditions of Free Vibrations.
We can interpret that for undamped vibration, the graph keeps on
going with respect to time as there is no damper in the system but in
the three cases of the damped vibrations, the displacement eventually
fades and ends up in zero as there is presence of damper to which the
energy is transferred to.
Results:
The Variation of Displacement has been plotted with respect to time
taking the key parameters for different conditions of free vibrations
from the user.