Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

Commercial Area, Lahore

HVAC DESIGN CRITERIA

&
HVAC SYSTEM PROPOSAL

ACS ENGINEERING CONCERN

Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA

1. PROJECT OVERVIEW

Project Location

The hospital building is located in Johr Town, Lahore City.

Project Description

The hospital building is multistoried type comprises of six floors. The area of the hospital required to
be conditioned measures 121,668 Sft.These floors comprises of consultants offices, CSSD room,
Diagnostic facilities, Medical wards, patient bed rooms, operation theaters, I.C.Us, cafeteria & Admin
block.

All area are required to be provided with the year round HVAC system i.e. cooling in summer and
heating in winter with proper introduction of clean fresh air.

2. PURPOSE OF AIR CONDITIONING:

The purpose of air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation system is to create a comfortable and
safe environment and effective removal of heat dissipated by humans and MEP equipment.

One of the prime objectives will be to maintain good indoor environment in terms of temperature,
humidity, air movement, air filtration and contaminant controls since a large population is expected
to be within the building. Further, the HVAC installation should not create undue noise and vibration
in the premises. Generally, air-conditioning will be provided for occupied and internal public spaces.

3. DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS

Following codes & standards will be followed:

• Pakistan Building Code for Ambient Requirements

• ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals for System Design
• ASHRAE Standards 62-2001 for Ventilation Requirements
• ASHRAE Standards 55-74 for Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy
• ASHRAE Standards 52.1 for Air Filtration Requirements
• ASTM - American Society for Testing & Materials
• ASHRAE- American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers
• ARI - Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, USA
• MACNA- Sheet Metal and Air-conditioning Contractors National Association, USA
• AMCA - Air Moving and Control Association Inc., USA
• TIMA- Thermal Insulation Manufacturer's Association, USA
• NFPA- National Fire Protection Association, USA
• ASHRAE HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics.

4. DESIGN CRITERIA
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Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

 Outdoor Design Conditions for Lahore City

Latitude 32 °N
Longitude 74 °E
Elevation 702 Feet
Design Dry Bulb Temperature (Summer) 115° F
Design Wet Bulb Temperature (Summer) 83° F
Daily Temperature Range (Summer) 22° F
Design Dry Bulb Temperature (Winter) 35° F
Design Wet Bulb Temperature (Winter) 33° F

 Indoor Design Conditions

 Critical Areas:

Operation Theaters:

 Room Temperature: 20 - 22 °C
 Relative Humidity: 50 ± 5% Controlled
 Min. Air Changes per Hour
 OTs with Recirculation air system: 25- Air Changes/Hr
 OTs with 100% Fresh Air system: 15- Air Changes/Hr

Pressurization:
All OT rooms will be maintained at higher positive pressure in relation to adjacent sterile
areas which in turn will be maintained at higher positive pressure relative to other areas.

 Intensive Care Units (I.C.Us):

 Room Temperature: 24 ± 2 °C
 Relative Humidity: 50 ± 5% Controlled
 Min. Air Changes per Hour: 6 - ACH
 Pressurization: Positive Pressure in relation
to adjoining areas

 CSSD:

 Room Temperature: 24 ± 2 °C
 Relative Humidity: 50 ± 5% Un-Controlled

Min. Air Changes per Hour (ACH) & Pressurization:

 CSSD Dirty 6 - ACH & Negative Pressure

Relative to adjoining areas

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Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

 CSSD Clean 4 - ACH & Positive Pressure

Relative to adjoining areas

 Non-Critical Area:

All other Areas:

 Room Temperature: 24 ± 2 °C
 Relative Humidity: 50 ± 15% Uncontrolled
 Noise Criteria: 25-30 DB
 Lighting Load: As per actual lighting layout
 Pressurization No Significant Requirement
 Ventilation Rate @2Air Changes/Hour

 Ventilation Rates:

Area Served Proposed Ventilation Criteria

General Operation Theaters Re-circulation with Min. 20% Fresh Air
Intensive Care Units Re-circulation with Min. Fresh Air @2AC/H

Wards Re-circulation with Min. Fresh Air @2AC/H

Consultants Office Re-circulation with Min. Fresh Air @2AC/H

Corridors Re-circulation with Min. Fresh Air @2AC/H

 Air Filtration Requirement:

Sr. # Area Description Primary Filter Secondary Filter Final Filter at

Bed
35% Efficiency Bed
85% Efficiency Terminal
99.995% Eff.
1- Operation Theaters
Class-G4 Class-F8 Class-H14
2- I.C.Us 35% Efficiency 85% Efficiency 99.95% Eff.
Class-G4
35% Efficiency Class-F8
75% Efficiency Class-H14
3- Other Hospital Area --
Class-G4 Class-F7

5. ESTIMATED A/C LOAD

As per initial estimation the cumulated air conditioning load for the considered area requirements is
around 650 Tons of Refrigeration. The building HVAC System will be installed in different stages. The
phase-wise cooling load is given below

Sr. Conditioned Area Cooling Load

Phase # Floor Name (Sft)
No (Tons)

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Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

Basement floor 17,845 80

Ground Floor 18,335 82

1. Phase-1 First Floor excluding O.Ts 18,210 79

Operation Theaters at First floor 2,580 49

Fresh air Unit 30

Sub-Total 56,970 320

Second Floor 21,584 98

2. Phase-2
Third Floor 20,995 95

Fourth Floor 22,119 99

Fresh Air unit For 2nd ,3rd & 4th
38
Floor
Sub-Total 64,698 330

Grand Total 121,668 650

6. HVAC SYSTEM PLANNING

The building will be operated 24 hours a day. Keeping in view of the building size, utility and user
requirements Air Cooled Packaged Type Water Chillers (Heat Pump Type) system will be proposed.
The building HVAC system will be done in different stages. Phase-1 is related to HVAC system of
basement, ground and first floor. The total capacity of phase-1 is around 320 Tons of Refrigeration.
Four quantity of Air cooled Packaged Water chillers each having Net capacity of 80 Tons will be used
to cater the cooling load of phase-1.

Phase-2 is linked with 2nd, 3rd and 4th floor of the proposed building. The capacity of Phase-2 is
around 330Tons of Refrigeration. Four quantity of Air cooled Packaged Water chillers each having
Net capacity of 82.5 Tons will be used to accommodate the cooling load of phase-2.

In packaged air-cooled type chillers, large numbers of indoor units can be connected to a single
chiller. Each room will be provided with one or more indoor units depending upon the capacity of
each room.

For fresh air purpose, separate Treated Fresh Air Units connected with chilled water coil through
central system, will be installed at roof, consisting of total enthalpy type Energy Recovery wheels,
cooling coil and associated duct work, will fed some quantity of the fresh air at 24°C into the
conditioned space. A schematic layout is attached herewith for further clarity.

Work description of the system detailed as below

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Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

AIR COOLED PACKAGED TYPE WATER CHILLERS (HEAT & COOL TYPE)

Summer Cooling

The System includes air-cooled packaged chillers, chilled water pumps; fan coil units & Auxiliary
equipment, networked indoor thermostat, and system manager. The packaged chillers will be placed
at mainly at top roof. However the AHUs & FCUs will be installed inside the spaces to be air
conditioned. AHUs are normally used for an Operation Theaters whereas FCUs are used for all other
areas. Chilled water is produced by the chillers, which is then circulated in AHU/FCU coil through
seamless M.S. piping network by means of the chilled water pumps. The air gets cooled when it
passes through the AHU/FCU coils, due to heat exchange between air and chilled water, which is
then fed into the condition areas through insulated G.I. sheet metal ducting network by the
AHU/FCU fans to maintain desired temperature. Ultimate heat rejection will be achieved at air-
cooled condensers when ambient air picks up heat from the refrigerant flowing through the
condenser coils.

A variety of indoor unit types are available in this system (i.e. wall mount e.g., ceiling mounted non-
ducted & ducted, floor mounted, cassette etc.). The indoor units will be installed inside the
conditioned areas and the respective chillers will be installed at roof. Large No’s of packaged chillers
as a single system/unit can be connected with multiple indoor units. For each unit only two
chilled/hot water pipes will be routed in the building to connect all the indoor units in parallel just
like chilled water piping. The air cooled chiller capacity is also limited and its quantity depends upon
the total building capacity.

Winter Heating

In this system, to achieve heating in the winter season, same equipment will be used while switching
the equipment in heating mode.

System Advantages & Disadvantages

a) Advantages

- All the equipment is Certified by international agencies therefore certified capacity data
& relevant electrical data is available in verifying proper equipment selections
- The chilled water piping is rigid high strength Mild Steel type installed after welding and
testing at high pressure therefore the chances of leakage is minimal even in case of
leakage the location is self-identified by water droplets
- The chilled water working pressure in pipes is much less around 100-125 psi causing
minimum chances of leakage and may cause low repair cost
- Indoor equipment is based on tailor made manufacturing therefore selection of
appropriate size models to meet the specific load requirements is possible
- Being a packaged chiller base system the addition of further equipment later-on is
possible
- Efficient in diversified low load requirements
- Each space can be controlled individually
- In case of mal-functioning of any one chiller even a module, mandatory areas can be
handled by load shifting

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 Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

- The chillers can be sized in low capacity keeping in view of peak demand load by
applying diversity factor and occasional use spaces can be handled by applying load
management criteria
- Being a central system it can operate at minimum load upto 2.5% without loosing its
efficiency
- Being an air cooled water chiller system, it require much low water treatment chemicals
to avoid corrosion only
- There is no water requirement to make up against loss of water due to evaporation as
no cooling tower is involved, however much less water is required to fill the system
initially or whenever the system is required to empty for maintenance
- Being a packaged chiller system malfunctioning of any one chiller module may cause
suffering of minor building area in peak season only and during off peak season none of
the space will be suffered.
- Continuous air conditioning without major break down is possible by just adding stand-
by modules in minimal cost

b) Dis-Advantages

- Much expensive in initial investment cost

- Electrical requirement is high, thus requiring higher size of Electrical equipment
provisions and relevantly lower sizes of cables
- Being air cooled water chiller based system its efficiency drops drastically in peak high
ambient prolonged dry weather conditions during May to June (which is normally the
working period for education facilities)
- Much high in energy billing cost comparing with air cooled systems
- Water requirement is much high to make up against loss of water due to evaporation in
cooling tower
- Chilled water pipelines are moderately pressurized and any kind of leakage from pipes
may damage interior finishes
- Provision of permanent monitoring staff is partially essential causing moderately higher
maintenance cost

7- BUDGETARY COST ESTIMATE

A phase wise budgetary cost estimate of is around Rs. Million. Break-up of major items is given
below:

1- For Phase-1:

Sr.# Item Description Estimate Cost (Pak Rs.)

1- 4 No. Air Cooled Packaged Type Water Chillers (Cap.80 Tons)

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Hospital in Johr Town D-II, Block

2- Air Handling Equipment

3- Treated Fresh Air Handling Equipment

4- Pumps & Auxiliary Equipment

5- Ventilation Fans
Related Electrical Works i/c Panels, Cables, Cable Trays,
6-
Conduits, etc.
7- Temperature & Auto Controls
8- Installation of Equipment, Ductwork with Accessories, Pipe
work with Accessories, Fans, Valves, Duct & Pipe Insulations,
Miscellaneous Works etc.

Total Cost Estimate

2- For Phase-2:

Sr.# Item Description Estimate Cost (Pak Rs.)

1- 4 No. Air Cooled Packaged Type Water Chillers (Cap.80 Tons)

2- Air Handling Equipment

3- Treated Fresh Air Handling Equipment

3- Pumps & Auxiliary Equipment

5- Ventilation Fans

6- Related Electrical Works i/c Panels, Cables, Cable Trays,

Conduits, etc.
7- Temperature & Auto Controls

8- Installation of Equipment, Ductwork with Accessories, Pipe

work with Accessories, Fans, Valves, Duct & Pipe Insulations,
Miscellaneous Works etc.

Total Cost Estimate

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