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18TS1E1A : Finite Element Methods (CBCS Scheme)

End Semester Exam Question Bank
I Sem. Thermal Science and Engineering 2018-19
UVCE, K.R. Circle, Bangalore-01

UNIT-1
1. Derive an expression for unknown temperatures in a composite slab for a
discrete system……………………………………………………………..10

2. In a pipe network as shown below, water enters the given network at a rate
of 0.1 m3/s with the viscosity of 0.96x10-3 Ns/m2. The component details are
given in the table. Determine the pressure and mass flux values at all
nodes………………………………………………………………..............20

3. Analyze the Iso-Parametric mapping of triangles and quadrilaterals………10

4. Explain Dirchlet and Neuman boundary conditions in case of discrete

thermal system. …………………………………………………………….10

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5. Derive the shape function and temperature gradient for a 1-D linear
element…………………...………………………………………………...10

6. Calculate the temperature of an 8cm long bar, at a distance of 5cm from one
end, where the temperature is 120oC, with the other end at a temperature of
200oC. Assume the temperature variation between the two end points as
being linear……..…………………………………………………………..05

7. Derive the shape function derivatives for a one-dimensional quadratic

element that has nodal coordinates xi= 2, xj = 4 and xk= 6………………………05

8. Derive the shape function and temperature gradient for a 1-D quadratic
element……………………………………………..………………………10

9. Derive the shape function and temperature gradient for a 2-D Triangular
element……………………………………………………………………..10

10.Calculate the temperature Ti and the heat flux components qx and qy within
an element for the data given in the table. Calculate the temperature Ti and
the heat flux components qx and qy at (2, 1) if the thermal conductivity of the
°C
material is 2 W/cmK. Draw the isothermal line for 60 in the triangle…..15

11.Determine the temperature and heat fluxes at a location (2, 1) in square plate
as shown in figure below with the data shown in table. Draw the isothermal
line for 125°C. Note that the origin is at node 1…………………………...15

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12.The solution for temperature distribution in a linear triangle gives the nodal
temperature as Ti = 200°C, Tj = 180°C and Tk = 160°C. The coordinates of i,
j and k are (xi = 2cm, yi = 2cm), (xj = 6cm, yj = 4cm) and (xk = 4cm, yk =
6cm). Calculate the temperature at a location given by x = 3cm and y = 4cm.
Calculate the coordinates of the isotherm corresponding to 170°C. Calculate
the heat flux in the x and y directions if the thermal conductivity is 0.5
W/m°C. Also, show that the sum of the shape functions at x = 3cm, y = 4cm
is unity…………………………………………………………………..….15

UNIT-2

13.Design and derive an expression for plane wall with heat source containing
linear element. …………………………………………………………......10

14.Design and derive an expression for plane wall with heat source containing
quadratic element. …………………………………………………………10

15.A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in the figure below.
The outer temperature is To = 200 C. Convective heat transfer takes place on
the inner surface of the wall with T∞= 8000C and h= 25 W/m2 0C. Determine
the temperature distribution in the wall. (K1=20W/m0C, K2=30W/m0C,
K3=50W/m0C )………………………………………………….………….10

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16.Determine the temperature distribution in a plane wall of thickness 60 mm
which has an internal heat source of 0.3 MW/m3 and the thermal
conductivity of the material is 21 W/mK assume that the surface temperature
of the wall is 400C. Because of symmetry, consider only one half of the
plane wall as shown in figure below. Consider four elements, each of length
7.5 mm and cross sectional area for heat flow, A = 1 m2…………………15

17.Derive the finite element formulation of heat conduction in multi dimensions

for a rectangular element. …………………………………………….……10

18.Find the temperature distribution in a plane wall of thickness 60 mm which

has an internal heat source of 0.3 MW/m3 and the thermal conductivity of
the material is 21 W/mK, left face is insulated and right face is subjected to
convection at 930C with a surface heat transfer coefficient of 570
W/m2K……………………………………………………………………...10

19.A square plate of unit thickness, size 100 cm, as shown in Figure below, is
subjected to isothermal boundary conditions of 100 °C on all sides except
the top side, which is subjected to 500 °C. If the thermal conductivity of the
material is constant and equal to 10 W/m°C, determine the temperature
distribution using linear triangular finite elements…………………………20

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20.Explain the phenomenon of conduction heat transfer in a plate with variable
thickness 3D problem……………………………………………….……...10

21.A composite wall, with three layers of different material as shown in Figure
below, has the following properties for the different layers:
i) Layer-1: Gypsum, k3 = 0.05W/m°C, x1=1 cm and qa = 15W/m2
ii) Layer-2: Fibre-glass, k2 = 0 .0332W/m°C and x2=5 cm
iii) Layer-3: Concrete, k1 = 1.2W/m°C, x3=15cm, h =15W/m2°C &Ta= 25°C.
Calculate the temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 assuming unit area of heat
flow…………………………………………………………………………10

22.A circular fin of inner radius 20cm and outer radius of 26cm transfers heat
from a small motorcycle engine. If the average engine surface temperature is
112 °C, determine the temperature distribution along the fin surface. The
thermal conductivity of the fin material is 21W/m°C and the convective heat
transfer coefficient between the fin and the atmosphere is 120W/m2 °C.
Assume an atmospheric temperature of 32°C Solve using one and two
elements………………………………………………..….……………….15

23.A plane wall (k= 20W/m°C) of thickness 40mm has its outer surfaces
maintained at 30°C. If there is uniform internal heat generation of
0.2MW/m3 in the plane wall, determine the temperature distribution in the
plane wall. Solve this problem using (a) Four linear elements (b) One
quadratic element …. ……………………...................................................15

24.Explain the steps involved in solving a problem in FEM………………….05

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UNIT-3
25.Explain the concept of lumped heat capacity system in the case of transient
heat conduction…………………………………………………….…..…..10

26.A one-dimensional quadratic element is used to approximate the temperature

distribution in a long fin. The solution gives the temperature at three nodes
as 100°C, 90°C & 80°C at distances of 10cm, 15cm & 20 cm respectively
from the origin. Calculate the temperature and temperature gradient at a
location of 12cm from the origin……………………………………..…..10

27.A fin of length 1cm is initially at the ambient temperature of 30°C. If the
base temperature is suddenly raised to a temperature of 150°C and
maintained at that value. Determine the temperature distribution in the fin
after 30 seconds if the thermal diffusivity of the fin material is 1×10−5 m2/s.
The heat transfer coefficient between the fin surface and the ambient is
100W/m2 °C. The cross section of the fin is 6 mm by 5 mm………………20

28.Calculate the surface temperature in a circular solid cylinder of radius 25mm

with a volumetric heat generation of 35.3MW/m3. The external surface of
the cylinder is exposed to a liquid at a temperature of 20 °C with a surface
heat transfer coefficient of 4000W/m2 °C. The thermal conductivity of the
material is 21W/m°C. Consider dividing half of the region into four
elements as shown in figure below, each of width 6.25 cm……………......15

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29.How do you analyze………………………………………………………..15
(a) Time discretization using the finite difference method. (5)
(b) Phase change problems in solidification and melting of metals. (10)

30.Determine the temperature distribution in a square plate of unit thickness

size 5cm as shown in Figure .The upper triangular half has an internal heat
generation of 1.2 W/cm3, while the lower half has a point source of 5W/cm
in the thickness direction (point source on a two-dimensional plane) at the
point (1, 1) cm. In addition to the above heat sources, the bottom side of the
plate is insulated, the right vertical side is subjected to a temperature of
100°C, the top side is subjected to a convective heat transfer boundary
condition with a heat transfer coefficient of h= 1.2W/cm2K and Ta= 30 °C
and the left vertical side is subjected to a uniform heat flux of 2W/cm2.
Assume a thermal conductivity of 2W/cm°C………………………………20

31.For a fin shown in the figure determine the temperature distribution, heat
dissipation capacity and efficiency of fin. Assume the TIP is insulated…...10

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UNIT-4

32.Calculate the stiffness matrix and loading vector for the axisymmetric
element shown in the figure, with heat generation of G= 1.2W/cm3. The heat
transfer coefficient on the side ‘ij’ is 1.2W/cm2K and the ambient
temperature is 30°C. The heat flux on the side ‘jk’ is equal to 1W/cm2.
Assume the thermal conductivities kr= kz= 2W/cm °C…..…………...……10

33.State and derive N-S equations for conservation of mass or continuity

equation……………………………………………………………....…….10

34.State the law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy with

relations…………………………………………………………………….10

35.State and derive N-S equations for conservation of energy………….….…10

36.The initial temperature of the fin is equal to the atmospheric temperature

25°C. If the base temperature is suddenly raised to a temperature of 100°C
and maintained at that value, determine the temperature distribution in the
fin with respect to time. Assume a heat capacity of 2.42×106 W/m3 °C. Solve
the problem using the Crank–Nicolson method. Assume a time step ∆t, of
0.1s.……………………………………………….…….…..……………...15

37.Explain the use of Characteristic Base Split [CBS] scheme in conventional

problem……………………………………………………………..………10

38.Write a short note on:……………………………………………….(2*5=10)

(a) Convection system boundary and initial condition
(b) Steady and transient solutions methods in convection heat transfer.

39.Write a short note on:……………………………………………….(2*5=10)

(a) Mesh convergence.
(b) Drag and stream function

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40.Briefly discuss Nusselt number in convection heat transfer……….………10

UNIT-5
41. Consider a Double-Pipe parallel flow heat exchanger and counter flow heat
exchanger. In both the heat exchangers hot water flows at 1kg/s and cools
from 800C to 500C. Cold water in both the heat exchangers is flowing at
2kg/s with inlet temperature of 100C. Take CP(Water)= 4.187 KJ/KgK. For
both heat exchangers overall heat transfer co-efficient value is 1000W/m2K.
Determine:
i) Log Mean Temp Difference in parallel flow (LMTDParallel )
ii) Log Mean Temp Difference in Counter flow (LMTDCounter )
iii) Max. temp up to which cold water can be heated in parallel flow and in
counter flow heat exchangers
iv) Effectiveness (€)
v) NTU for Parallel and Counter…………………………………………15

42.In a double pipe parallel flow heat exchanger [mCp]hot =1100W/K and
[mCp]cold =734W/K, overall heat transfer coefficient is 600 W/m2K, heat
exchange area is 4 m2, Cold fluid inlet temperature is 20°C and the hot fluid
inlet temperature is 80°C. Calculate the temperature distribution and
effectiveness of the heat exchanger using
(a) 1 element
(b) 2 element……………………………………...………………………...10

43.Derive the Hermitian shape function for beam…………………..………..15

44.For a cantilever beam subjected to UDL as shown below, determine the

deflection at the free end(E=200GPa, I=10×108mm4)……………………10

45.Explain with an example the formulation using virtual work method…..…10

UVCE, K. R. Circle Bangalore-560001 F.E.M. Question Bank 2018-19