DAMAGE CATEGORIES After cleaning and investigating the damaged and surrounding area, the dam- age must be classified into one of the following three categories, also taking into account the location of the damage. REPAIRABLE DAMAGE The damage must be classified either as “Allowable Damage” or as damage which requires a repair. Allowable Damage Allowable damage is defined as damage which is slight or of little significance, and is unlikely to be of sufficient severity to propagate further damage in the immediate vicinity. NOTE: ALLOWABLE DOES NOT MEAN THAT REPAIR IS UNNECESSARY. FOR EXAMPLE, SCRATCHES AND BURRING ARE INCLUDED IN THIS CATEGORY, AND IT IS NECESSARY TO REMOVE ROUGH AND SHARP EDGES AND SMOOTH OUT THE DAMAGE. IN ADDI- TION, ANY DAMAGE TO SURFACE COATINGS AND/ OR PRO- TECTIVE TREATMENT MUST BE REPAIRED USING AM AP- PROVED PROCEDURE DEALT WITH UNDER SRM CHAPTER 51 Non-allowable Damage Damage which exceeds the "Allowable Damage” limits must be repaired by cutting out the damaged area of a structural component and inserting or attach- ing a reinforcing piece. These specific repairs are to be found in each chapter of the SRM. NONREPAIRABLE DAMAGE Nonrepairable damage is defined as damage to structural components which cannot be repaired and where replacement of the complete component is rec- ommended as a repair is not practical or economicalTYPES OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE General In order to facilitate the classification of different repair procedures, the various types of damage are grouped as follows: Mark + Amark is to be understood as a damage area of any size where an accu- mulation of scratches, nicks, chips, burrs or gouges etc. is present in such a way that the damage must be treated as an area and not as a series of indi- vidual scratches, gouges etc Scratch * A scratch is a line of damage of any depth and jength in the material and results in & cross-sectional area change. it is usually caused by contact with a object. Gouge * A gouge is a damage area of any size which results in a cross-sectional area change. It is usually caused by contact with a relatively sharp object which produces a continuous, sharp or smooth channel-like groove in the material. Grack * Acrack is a partial fracture or complete break in the material with the most significant cross-sectional area change. Dent + Adentis normally a damage area which is depressed with respect to its normal contour. There is no cross sectional area change in the material: area boundaries are smooth. Distorsion + Any twisting, bending or permanent strain which results in misalignment or change of shape. May be caused by impact from a foreign object, but usu- ally results from vibration or movement of adjacent attached components. This group includes bending, buckling, deformation, imbalance, misalign- ment, pinching, and twisting.Corrosion * The destruction of metal by chemical or electrochemical action. Crease + A damage area which is depressed or folded back upon itself in such a manner that its boundaries are sharp or well defined lines or ridges. Abrasion * An abrasion is 4 damage area of any size which results in a cross-sectional area change due to scuffing, rubbing, scraping or other surface erosion; it is usually rough and imeguiar. Nick + Asmaill loss of material, due to a knock etc. at the edge of a member or skin. Crazing * Amesh of minute hairline surface cracks. Delamination) Debonding * Delamination or debonding is the separation of a laminate into its constitu- ent layers. Hole * A hole constitutes a complete penetration of the surface. It is usually caused by impact of a sharp object. Burn Marks (Lightning Strikes) * Burn marks; lightning strikes are usually spot formed welded damages with discoloration of the material.