CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

Abstract

1. Introduction 01

2. History 02

3. Methodology 03-15

3.1. Underwater welding 03

3.2.Principle of operation 04-05

3.3. Types of underwater welding 06-12

3.3.1.Wet welding 06-09

3.3.1.1.Principle of operation of wet welding 08

3.3.1.2. Advantages of wet welding 08

3.3.1.3.Disadvantages of wet welding 09

3.3.2. Dry welding 09-12

3.3.2.1.Principle of operation of Dry welding 10

3.3.2.2.Types of underwater dry welding 10-12

a) Hyperbaric welding 11
b) Cavity welding 12

3.3.2.3.Under water dry welding may be achieved by several ways 13-14

a) Dry habitat welding 13-14

b) Dry chamber welding 14

3.3.2.4. Advantages of dry welding 15

3.3.2.5. Disadvantages of dry welding 15

4. Under water welding Techniques 16-22

4.1. Conventional underwater welding Techniques 16-19

4.1.1.Shield metal arc welding(SMAW) 16

4.1.2. Tungsten inert gas welding(TIGW) 17

4.1.3. Flux cored arc welding(FCAW) 18

4.1.4. Friction welding(FW) 18

4.2. Newer techniques of underwater welding 20-22

4.2.1. Robotic welding and Robotic spot welding 20

4.2.2. Laser beam welding 21-22

5. Common material being welded by underwater welding 23

6. Risks involved 24

6.1.Safety rules 24

7. Applications of underwater welding 25

8. Conclusions 26

9. Scope for further development 27

References 28