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Waste generation in the metropolitan area grows every year. For example, in 2000 the metropolitan area
was 1,407,768 tons of waste generated, representing 1.33 pounds per day.Seven years later, in 2007 the
figure had increased to 1,661,692 tonnes, representing 1.46 pounds per day. Since 2008, however, has
started a new trend related to the economic situation.So in 2010 the figure had dropped again to levels of
early: 1,577,203 tons in total, and 1.35 pounds per day.
Despite the efforts of various governments in the prevention of waste, does not seem possible to speak
about waste generation from economic growth. To do so would change the model to a consumption of
material goods but also intangible.
For more information on alternative consumer as immaterial or reduce waste generation in general, see
the section on prevention .
Composition
Apart from variations with respect to the amount of waste in general, the composition of household waste
has changed in recent decades.
In the seventies the organic matter represented over 80% of the total volume of waste. Now, however,
plastics, packaging and glass and cardboard are the most important part.
Segregated collection ratios are difficult to establish the composition of the "bag type", but it is estimated
that the percentages of each fraction are represented in the bag type most recent, 2008. That is 36%
organic matter, 18% paper and cardboard packaging 12%, 7% glass and 27 other materials.
Segregated collection
The segregated collection system that can capture the waste separated at source and transported them
to the respective treatment plants. There are two fundamental and complementary objectives: first, to
separate and recover the maximum amount of recoverable materials and, secondly, to reduce, as much
as possible, the amount of waste carried finalists devices, such as incineration and the deposit.
Requires the cooperation and efforts of citizens, as the environmental benefits are important and help to
maintain the current quality of life for future generations. For example, currently 40% of waste generated
in the metropolitan area can be recycled or used for the generation of biogas and electricity from
renewable sources.
Glass
Paper and cardboard
Packaging
Organic matter
REST
Glass, paper and cardboard, the packaging and organic matter fractions are basic segregated
collection. The materials have not been properly selected in origin and difficult to recover some materials
(ceramics, dust, cigarette butts, cotton, etc..) Constitute the rest.
There are other types of waste, for its specific characteristics or because they generate less frequently,
have a specific collection systems (you can check them in the section Other collected ).
Model Collection
In general, the vast majority of metropolitan municipalities have opted for the model in five fractions
collected ( glass , paper, cardboard , packaging , organic matter and REST ). Some municipalities,
however, apply the so-called minimal model of residue, separating the waste into two fractions: organic
and inorganic
Organic matter Remains of fruit and vegetables, meat and fish or bread,
solid food in poor condition, shells of nuts, eggs and
seafood, coffee grounds and tea remains, the remains of
plants, dried flowers and withered branches, tops cork,
Container brown or orange
Best practices of segregated collection
or garages
Ink and toner Ink cartridges and toner for all printers.
Treatment
The treatment, unlike the collection of waste is often little known part of the cycle of waste
management. Encompasses a range of techniques, applied to municipal waste, allow reuse, recycle,
recover their energy or pour them into a landfill.
Triage
Mechanical and biological treatment
Energy recovery
Landfilling
Treatment of large
However, the goal is to apply a treatment to 100% recovery of waste, including the selected fraction
(REST), because they can do to reduce the volume and / or potential contaminant.
Finally, the last important management objective is to achieve a stable management of waste, ie, the
material remaining after treatment inaprofitable.
As can be seen in the hierarchy of waste management side, in the final treatment applicable to waste
energy recovery is preferable to landfilling.
Eco-parks : facilities that values the fractions REST and organic (FORM)
throughmechanical biological treatment (TMB) .
Landfill : facilities where safety deposited with environmental waste that can not be
recovered and the refusal of treatment plants.
Energy recovery plants : incinerators where energy is used and the steam
produced to generate electricity and power air conditioning systems.
Food waste bullets : bullets restore operation using waste in a safe environment.
Closed : in 2006 the landfill has been closed by the Vall d'en Joan, one of the most
famous metropolitan facilities. Want to know more about the post-closure
management and restoration of the valley ?
Tip : centers are collected and stored selectively municipal waste that are not
subject to collection home to facilitate their recovery.