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^w^*EECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
ORO-T-117
2B^:JÄB»' QMtO
SURVEY OF
ALLIED TANK CASUALTIES
IN WORLD WAR II
Ä«^ LlND/COOX
^CLASSIFICATION .Sf^S^^^^^g^:
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HQDA (DAMH-HS)
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20314 usssm
FROM: (include ZIP code) Commandant, US Army Command and General Staff College
ATTN: TS/S Control Office
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027
I I THE DOCUMENT«) DESCRIBED BELOW HAS/HAVE BEEN REVIEWED FOR REGRADING AND ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN AS
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CLASSIFIED AT THIS TIME. (Include juatilication in the Rematka Section of thia form.)
m
FOR THE COMMANDER:
C-1 /
AUTHORITY OR COMMAND LINE (When applicable)
HERSCHEL E. CHAR-IAN
solonel.
ecrecary
Infantry
PRINTED OR TYPED NAME AND TITLE OF OFFICER
LL //A - , /■■■
;v_
SIGNATURE
REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED
ORDER SEP ARMY 3Y TAG PjE^
s 24FEB 1978
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Prepare sufficient number of copies to furnish one 4. When the document(s) will be regraded upon the oc-
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2. Care will be taken to completely identify the docu-
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All inclcsures being regraded will be accounted for in the need for a lower classification for the document or docu-
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fied) which are not being regraded, the symbol "n/c" will document, the symbol "?" will be placed in the colunu.
be entered in the inclosure column. The regrading form will headed "Classification of Subject." When the form is used
contain unclassified information only. Short titles will con- as a notification, the current classification of the subject
sist of the first letter of each word in the subject or title ex- or title will be indicated in this column using the symbols
cept when a formal short title has been assigned. shown in paragraph 3 above.
3. The following symbols will bo used ('or purposes of
this form only) to indicate the classification of the docu-
ments) or portions thereof and protective marking to be af-
fixed:
Technical Memorandum
by
Alvin D. Coox
and
L. Van Loan Naisawald
n™ r, ^S2üßJifmiATlc REGRADINGJ
DOD Qlß^MÖ^b DOES NOT APPLY
10»
SXCIAJD«0
UNCLASSIFIED
KÄ-
IflWMSSIFB
UNCLASSIFIED
iwcwssra
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
UNCLASSIFIED
MSSJFIFD
CONTENTS
Page
Summary ............ 1
Causation ....... ....6
Gunfire 6
Land Mines 7
Hollow Charge Weapons 8
Mortar Fire 10
Miscellaneous (plus Multiple), Enemy Weapon 10
Miscellaneous, Non-Enemy Weapon 11
Range ..................ill
Gunfire Ik
Hollow Charge Weapons l£
Site of Hits . 18
Gunfire 18
Hollow Charge Weapons 19
Caliber of Enemy Gunfire 23
North Africa 23
Sicily and Italy 2k
European Theater of Operations 2k
«BASHED
ORO-T-117 Contents
ÜNCLASSfHEDT
Appendix C: Land Mine Warfare Data . 51
Annex: German Land Mine Employment 71
Appendix D: Tank Production Data 77
Appendix E: German Tank Casualty Data 86
Annex 1: Statistics! Analysis of Tank Losses by
Causes in German-Soviet War 90
Annex 2: German Estimates and Comments on Their
Own Tank Casualties « 92
Annex 3: Soviet Data on German Tank Casualties . . 9k
Annex U*. US Employment of Land Mines 9$
Annex f>: Antitank and Antipersonnel Mines „ . . . 97
Annex 6: Bazookas and Panzerfaust 100
Annex 7: Examination of Causes for Rendering
Tanks Inoperative 101
Bibliography ■113
UNCLASSIFIED
(£|liV^1lmw"
-;•'».»■*;■.£'
ORO-T-ll? Contents
Table XI: Distribution of Tank Hits From Panzerfaust , 21
vi
uugf- UHCLftSSintO
spisr
^Fi
fi-%* ^USSIFKo
ORO-T-117 Contents
vn
mm»
&« «SSIflfD
ORO-T-117 Contents
UNCLASSIFIED
I UNCLASSIFIED
0RO-T-H7 Contents
IX UNCLASSIFIED
\ MikWB
Technical Memorandum
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
SUMMARY
PROBLEM
FACTS
DISCUSSION
1. Gunfire*
2e Land mines.
3. Hollow charge weapons.
U» Miscellaneous weapons, or combinations involving.
a weapon,
$„ Non-weapon causes, e.g., mechanical failure or
bogged down.
6» Mortared.
7» Unknown,
UNCLASSIFKÖ
HlüSSiFJED
ORO-T-117 Summary
CONCLUSIONS
UNCLASSIFIED
icmssro
0R0-T-.117 Summary
reached 20 to 25 percent in the spring of 1915 > after the crossing
of the Po River» In Western Europe similar peaks were attained
during the periods of the breakthrough from Normandy, the Ardennes,
and the final offensive east of the Rhine River,, Toward the end
of the war the incidence of tanks immobilized by Panzerfaust
weapons, during offensive and pursuit operations, reached the toll
of 2$ to 35 percent of all tank casualties» This development was
influenced by the decrease in the numbers of tanks and antitank
guns availablej by terrain and localities more favorable to rocket
type weapons; and by the increased numbers of Panzerfaust weapons
available to the enemy•
UNCLASSIFfp
--tw«^-*- , UNCIA&IFIO
t
0R0-T-117 , Summary
UNCLASSIFIED
METuNOASSIFlED
4
ORO-T-117 •-. Summary
UNCLASSIFIED
tossing
TANK CASUALTIES
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
900 YDS
50 55 YDS
I
UNCLASSIFIED
SITE OF HITS
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
GUNFIRE
36
^TWrTOWB "TTTTTTO
50
Ti^wrrwrw
25 50
% OF HITS
0*0 17 - 9 APR SI
[UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLAi»lRED
NUMBER OF
BURNED TANKS
io mm
Figure 5a. SAMPLING OF TANKS WHICH BURNED INDICATING IN EACH SAMPLING THE TANKS
IMMOBILIZED BY, GUNFIRE, MINES, AND HOLLOW CHARGE.
NUMBER OF
UNREPAIRABLE
TANKS
10 »8
Figure 5b. SAMPLING OF TANKS UNREPAIRABLE INDICATING IN EACH SAMPLING THE TANKS
IMMOBILIZED BY, GUNFIRE, MINES, AND HOLLOW CHARGE.
UNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
$ 38,000
J!!!!!!^^??^!1?!1?!^??^^^
$ 32,000
UNCLASSIFIED
NjfC^IFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
•gyiüNCLASSlFIED
Bow Gunner
MEDIUM TANK
Commander Gunner
Driver
Bow Gunner
UNCLASSIFIED
Bvfp'
UNCLASSIFIED
CAUSATION
GUNFIRE
UNCLASSIFIED
m
SAMPLING OF
1 2 3 t 5 6
TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL NUMBER PERCENT OF
TOTAL SAMPLE OF KNOWN OF UNKNOWN PERCENT OF UNKNOWN
THEATER OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THEATER CASUATION CASUATION KNOWN WITHIN WITHIN
CASUALTIES CASUALTIES (2) (2)
IN THEATER IN THEATER
WESTERN EUROPE
US - 1944 1891 1481 410 78.3* 21.7)
US - 1915 2579 2065 514 80.1) 19.9)
UK - 1944 1678 . 1383 296 82.4» 17.6)
UK - 1945 582 574 8 98.6) 1.4)
Canada - 1942 30 • 26 4 86.7% 13.3)
Canada - 1944 473 294 179 62.2) 37.8)
Canada - 1945 342 301 41 88.0) 12.0)
NORTH AFRICA
US - 1942 72 37 35 51.4) 48.6)
US - 1943 205 81 124 39.5) 60.5)
UK • 1941 413 413 0 100.0) .0)
UK - 1942 1123 1 123 0 100.0) .0)
UK - 1943 182 182 0 100.0) .0)
France - 1943 39 39 0 I00.Q) .0)
SICILY
US - 1943 58 21 37 36.2) 63.8)
UK - 1943 31 31 0 100.0) .0)
Canada - 1943 20 20 0 100.0) .0)
ITALY
US • 1943 55 44 1 I 80.0) 20.0)
US • 1944 471 407 64 86.4) 13.6)
US - 1945 159 137 22 86.2) 13.8)
UK - 1943 128 109 19 85.2) 14.8)
UK - 1944 652 521 131 79.9) 20.1)
UK - 1945 1 15 98 17 85.2) 14.8)
Canada - 1943 73 66 7 90.4) 9.6)
Canada - 1944 63 1 488 143 77.3) 22.7)
Canada - 1945 15 13 2 86.7) 13.3)
BURMA
UK + India - 1945 102 95 7 93.1) 6.9)
PACIFIC
Guadalcanal (USHC) - 1942 5 5 0 100.0) .0)
Bougainville (USHC) - 1943 2 2 0 100.0) .0)
Tarawa (USHC) - 1943 33 33 0 100.0) .0)
Saipan (USHC) - 1944 38 27 1 1 71. 1) 28.9)
New Britain (USHC) - 1944 5 5 0 100.0) .0)
Kwajalein l Solomona (USA) • 1944 9 9 0 100.0) .0)
New Guinea (USHC) - 1944 3 3 0 100.0) .0)
Guam (USHC) - 1944 42 33 9 78.6) 21.4)
Tinian (USHC) - 1944 15 16 0 100.0) .0)
Philippine lalands (USA) - 1944-45 145 136 9 93.8) 6.2)
Iwo Jima (USHC) - 1945 137 129 8 94.2) 5.8)
Okinawa (USA) - 1945 239 239 0 100) 0
Okinawa (USHC) - 1945 136 136 0 100) 0
Okinawa (USHC + USA) - 1945 375 375 0 100.0) .0)
KEY! * =
Unknown number included in gunfire sample Estimate '* = Unknown
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE
6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 i 14 15
NUMBER NUMBER
PERCENT OF NUMBER HOLLOW NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER MISC ENEMY
NUMBER HOLLOW CHARGE
UNKNOWN MINED AS GUNFIRE GUNFIRE AS MORTARED MORTARED AS WEAPON WITHIN
MINED WITHIN CHARGE AS PERCENT OF F
WITHIN PERCENT OF PERCENT WITHIN PERCENT OF WITHIN
(2) WITHIN (2)
(2) (3) (2) (3) (2) (3)
(2) ft
9 9.5% 64 67.4%
* • 3T
6.9% 19 20.0%
CLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
. CAUSES - WORLD WAR 11
II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
10
NUMBER MISC
3ER HOLLOW NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER MISC ENEMY MISC NON-ENEMY
„OW MISC ENEMY NON-ENEMY
CHARGE GUNFIRE GUNFIRE AS MORTARED MORTARED AS WEAPON WITHIN WEAPON AS WEAPON AS
IGE AS WITHIN PERCENT OF WITHIN PERCENT OF PERCENT OF WEAPON WITHIN PERCENT OF
-IIN PERCENT (2) (3) (2)
(2) (3) (2) (3) (3)
) ffi
5 23.8$ 4 19.0$
0 .0$ 10 47.6$ 0 .0$
.0$ 1 3.2$ 0 .0$
0 .0$ 23 74.2$ 0
.0$ 1 5.0$ 4 20.0$
0 .0$ 6 30.0$ 0
67.4$ • • 3T 3.2$' •• ••
9 9.5$ 64
{UNCLASSIFIED
■J*v,iv
■ty-sV-^x
4-
1 2 3 5
TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL NUMBER
KNOWN UNKNOWN PERCENT OF
THEATER OF OPERATIONS TOTAL SAMPLE CASUATION CASUATION KNOWN WITHIN
WITHIN THEATER CASUALTIES CASUALTIES (2)
IN THEATER IN THEATER
WESTERN EUROPE
US - 1944-45 4,257 3,448 809 81.OK
UK - 1944-45 1,685 1,622 63 96.3%
Canada - 1942, 1944-46 845 621 224 73.5*
NORTH AFRICA
US - 1942-43 277 118 159 42.6$
UK - 1941-43 1,718 1,718 0 100.0)
France - 1943 39 39 0 100.0$
SICILY
US - 1943 58 21 37 36.2$
UK - 1943 31 31 0 100.0$
Canada - 1943 20 20 0 100.0$
ITALY
US - 1943-45 685 688 97 86.8$
UK - 1943-45 896 728 167 81.4$
Canada - 1943-45 719 667 152 78.9$
BURMA
UK + India - 1945 102 95 7 93.1%
PACIFIC
US Amy - 1944-45 393 384 9 97.7$
USHC - 1942-45 416 388 28 93.3$
ALL THEATERS
US - 1942-45 6,086 4,947 1,139 81.3$
UK - 1941-46 4,431 4,194 237 94.7$
Canada - 1942-45 1,684 1,208 376 76.3$
Franc« - 1943 39 39 0 100.0$
5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13
:R NUMBER NUMBER
PERCENT OF NUMBER HOLLOW NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER
PERCENT OF NUMBER HOLLOW CHARGE MORTARED 1
UNKNOWN MINED AS CHARGE AS GUNFIRE GUNFIRE AS
KNOWN WITHIN MINED WITHIN PERCENT OF WITHIN
WITHIN PERCENT OF WITHIN PERCENT WITHIN
(2) (2) (2) (3) (2)
(2) (3) (2)
m
93.1% 6.9% 19 20.0% 9 9.5% 64 67.4%
Unknown
HmCLASSIFIED
ÖBäKEB
i - WORLD WAR 11
10 II 12 13 m 15 16 17 18
UMBER MISC
OLLOW NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER MISC ENEMY MISC ENEMY MISC NON-ENEMY
HAR6E GUNFIRE GUNFIRE AS MORTARED MORTARED AS WEAPON WITH~1N WEAPON AS NON-ENEMY WEAPON AS
AS PERCENT OF PERCENT OF WEAPON WITHIN
:RCENT WITHIN PERCENT OF WITHIN (2) PERCENT OF
(2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3)
* * jt J.2%t ** m *
.5% 64 67.4%
SSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Causation
of the tank casualties$ hollow charge weapons were not yet in general
use«, The addition of those casualties inflicted by the multiple
action of gunfire and mi*es, plus those in the unknown category
(57 percent of the US sample alone), would raise the North
African Theater gunfire total to about 85 percent.
The US Army and Marine Corps records for the Pacific fighting
accord as to the percentages immobilized by gunfire; 35 percent
and 33 percent respectively» Nevertheless, this low figure can
be explained by the fact that 10 percent of the Army sample and
25 percent of the Marine sample were immobilized by non-enemy
causes, such as drowning, bogging, mechanical failure, and
accident. A further 20 percent were knocked out by miscellaneous
enemy action, such as satchel charge, magnetic mine, etc» An
accordingly weighted sample of 500 tank casualties would reveal
a gunfire proportion approximating 50 percent.
LAND MINES
UNCLASSIFIED
<«> t±!)
UrtOASSlflEB
ORO-T-117 Causatiorx
UNCLASSIFIED
v
IKI UNCLASSIFIED
0R0-T-117 Causation
1/ Equipment, Army Ground Forces Report No. 8$>U, 30 Apr. k$, HQ,
ETO, War Department Observers Board. (SECRET).
UNCLASSIFIED
jM^*4CUS*ria>
ORO-T-117 Causation
themselves. And on the MG's not opening fire until a tank has
been hit."*/
MORTAR FIRE'
UNCLASSIFIED
^CLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Causation
UNCLASSIFIEb
&,ifFft
liLuiL*-. -.vLASSiii£D
ORO-T-117 Causation
TABLE 111=
1/ Based upon Tables I, II, III, of 03R.S. Report No. 18, "Tank
Casualties During the Exploitation Phase after Crossing the Seine."
2/ All units equipped with Shermans, except the 7th Armored
Division (Cromwells),
UNCLASSIFIED
1-T UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Causation
Once again, the over-all percentage of 13 is "slanted" by
the inadequate British and French data« By excluding the latter
records, a much more accurate over-all percentage is obtained
from the US and Canadian sample, totalling 6200 tank casualties;
i.e., 21 percent« This figure, as we have seen, included tanks
immobilized by drowning, accident, bogging, and mechanical
failure•
UNCLASSIFIED
DI SAßLED REPAIRABLE
DIRECT FIRE
UNIT BAZOOKA ARTILLERY & MORTAR MINES
OTHER THAN SMALL ARMS
LT MT HT TD AC i 6X6 LT HT HT TD AC i 6x6 LT HT HT TD i 6X6 LT MT HT TD AC + 6X6
Hq Co 6th Armd Olv 1 1 1
Hq Co CCA 1 1 10
H<l Co CCB
146th Slg Co 1
Hq Co Div Tns
Hq Btry, Div Arty 1
86th Cav Ren Sq 6 2 13 2 1 1 3 4 1
9th Arid Inf Bn 1 72 1 1 7
44th Armd Inf Bn 3 1 29 8 3
50th Armd Inf Bn 14 3 10 4 1 2
15th Tank Bn 2 12 2 4 8 14 15 1 1 10 4 21 1
68th Tank Bn 1 59 3 8 1 15 1
69th Tank Bn 1 15 1 1 1 2 10 1 2 1 4 3 7
128th FA Bn 1 1. 7 II 1
212th FA Bn 1 1 2 9 3 1
23Ut FA Bn 3 3
25th Engr Bn 3 1 7 1 2
128th Ord Bn
603d TD Bn 4 2 6 2 ' 5 6 1
777th AAA AW Bn 41 1
TOTALS 1 1 87 24 4 IS IB 5 5 14 1 2 1 3 1 9 30 192 5 45 27 12 29 10 6 1 17 3
GRAHD TOTAL LT ' HT HT TD AC t_ ofto 13-P RPR 51
6X6
37 160 231 19 17 83 41 Others Disabled but Repairable
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE V —BATTLE VEHI CULAR CASUALTIES - For Period 18 July HH - 8 May 1945
(See Figure 9)
UfttU^lFIED
.UNCLASSIFIED
OTHER MEANS 2%
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
in _J
Of UJ
a VJ
^
OÄ o>
*T UJ »s
* i t-
10 •<
s.
o
U- Ov
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co
co •
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CO i. 1 -n
co OS
z 1— ■« X »>
6
en
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C4 3: OS "* 0
2: O co «1
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a UJ 1— *■«
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CO 0
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to
1V101 A1H1N0W
[UNCLASSIFIED
-UNCLASSIFIED
RANGE
GUNFIRE
The figure of 3^0 yards for Sicily and Italy reflects the
effect of terrain in channelizing armor and restricting its
mobility. Rivers, defiles, ravines, cities, narrow roads,
vineyards; all conspired to reduce the scale of armored warfare,
and to favor close-range fire of both antitank and tank weapons.
In Western Europe, however, the opportunities for pursuit and for
exploitation helped to raise the average range for closing hit
to about 800 yards. For a discussion of the scale of German
armored opposition in Western Europe, consult Appendix D«
it/ Lt. Gen. Sir G. leQ. Martel, Our Armoured Forces, London, 19U5>
P 1U3 (UNCLASSIFIED).
teams from the 21st Army Group actually examined tanks immobilized
after the Rhine crossing» The over-all average of 800 yards range
is also probably higher than the actual figure, if it were known,
for a much larger sample, inasmuch as a further 75 tank casualties
to gunfire were listed merely as "close," "fairly close," "point-
blank," "various," etc0
TABLE VI
Frequency) 35 22 13 h 3 3
of hits) ^
*&
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Hange
TABLE VH
Frequency)__
cf Misses)" 15 1U 13 5
The preceding data thus accord well with the findings of the
present study»
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ÖR0-T-117 Range
TABLE VIII
AVERAGE RANGES AT WHICH TANKS WERE IMMOBILIZED
(Samp!ing)
SICILY 6 300.0
AFRICA 96 890.1
All Theaters:
US, UK, CANADA 800 782.0 146 51.3
DECLASSIFIED
Figure 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF US, I
a. GERMAN GUNS
5"
f/s
100 f/s
r *^T
123 f/s
90-mm APC Mv 2600 f/s
BOO f/s
E80 f/s
76-mra APC Mv 2600 f/s
3"
\
\
\
57-mm Mv 2725 f/s
\
\
^r 75-mm APC M6I Mv 2030 f/s
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
SITE OF HITS
GUNFIRE
UNCLASSIFIED
ÜEÜNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Site of Hits
TABLE IX
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Site of Hits
TABLE X
(Sampling)
TOTAL
NUMBER
OF HITS TURRET HULL SUSPENSION
NO. PERCENT NO. PERCENT NO. PERCENT
i
US: ETO-FIRST ARMY 784 247 31.5 408 52.0 129 16.5
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE XII
(Sampling)
TOTAL
NUMBER
OF HITS TURRET HULL SUSPENSION
NO. PERCENT NO. PERCENT NO. PERCENT
ITALY 1 0 0 1 100.0 0 0
22
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
2 HITS OR If OK
REAR OF HULL f
"?^ ~YjC!fr
■ P: If
. R: Of
mh
42 - P: 29f
5 - R: 3f
113 HITS OR 9f OH
FROHT OF TURRET
10 - P: 7f
3 - R: 2f —I 30 HITS OR 2lf OH I
~] FROKT OF TAHK HULL |
22 - P: I5f
I - R: 6f
5 DESTROYED BY MINES
30 DESTROYED BY OTHER THAN ENEMY ACTION
[UNCLASSIFIED
tTTi
UNCLASSIFIED
As may be seen from Tables XIII, XIV, XV, and XVI, data as to
the caliber of enemy gunfire responsible for Allied tank casualties
is extremely sparse« Of the total sample of 5,600 tanks shown
under column 11, Table II, as gunfire casualties, caliber is
given for only some 1,000 tanks»
NORTH AFRICA
23
iUNOASSIFIED
»UNCLASSIFIEQ
ORO-T-117
1
Caliber of Enemy Gunfire
■■■■■ ■ *■
Here the 7E>-mm gun was given the largest score—£2 percent
of the total sample. Its companion in destruction, the 88-mm gun,
received credit for 35 percent,, The higher percentage to the
75-mm gun can perhaps be explained by the fact that the fortified
lines in Ital$ constructed by the Germans, were studded with dug-
in turrets of Panther tanks mounting the long-barrel 7^-ram gun»
2k
^™ ^UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORG-T-117 Caliber of Enemy Gunfire
1-
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«f tU
CO CO St O
B ■ a a
f- o to o CO o
p a: CO o
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a.
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0 SAMP
TOTAL
RCENT
in N. CO CO st- to at •■"" CM in to CO to CM to in CM o
«— et tO w. o CM -«* o
CO in o
"sS _i
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ce.
SAMPLE
ALLIED
=*•
TOTAL
CQ
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X u.
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CM to o
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ac _l
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t- CM to o at
CM CM
o t-
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CM
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u. UI «X —• -■» r>- CM to CO CM •w o
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as
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s ? * CO CM CO CO CM IN. CM
cn
CM CM in
CM
St
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«I o = CM CM <o
CO »-
as E e E E £ E E fS E E E F tr E E E
Ul
m
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i
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1
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| £
1
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1
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9—
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1
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1
(=1 £ F E
1 1 1 1 1
w o r» o r>- O rx- I» to r<* CO to O in o CO O O
_J CM eo St =f ID rn r- t«. t>. CO o m u> N. IN. «n zt
■•* CM CM
o 1
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UNCLASSIFIED
0R0-T-U7 Caliber of Enemy Gunfire
27
iUNCLASSIFIED
c UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Caliber of Enemy Gunfire
i '
u. i j
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TOTAL
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UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
29
~ UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Fire Damage and Repairability
TABLE XVII
TANK CASUALTIES WHICH BURNED - BY THEATER
(Samp!ing)
NUMBER PERCENT NUMBER PERCENT
CAUSE SAMPLE BURNED BURNED NOT BURNED HOT BURNED
NORTH AFRICA
UK: Gunfire 208 125 60.0 83 40.0
Mine 31 5 16.1 26 83.9
SICILY & ITALY
UK: Gunfire 153 123 80.4 30 19.6
Hollow chg. 12 10 83.3 2 16.7
Mine 28 13 46.4 15 53.6
Mortar 6 6 100.0 0 0.0
US: Gunf i re i+8 39 81.3 9 18.7
Hollow chg. 3 3 100.0 0.0
Mine 4 4 100.0 0.0
Mortar 1 1 100.0 0.0
Canada: Gunfi re 60 56 93.3 4 6.7
Hollow chg. 2 2 100.0 0 0.0
Mine 5 3 60.0 2 40.0
Mortar — -- —
TOTAL - SICILY & ITALY
Gunfire 261 218 83.5 43 16.5
Hollow chg. 17 15 88.2 2 11.8
Mine 37 20 54.1 17 45.9
Mortar 7 7 100.0 0 0.0
ETO
UK: Gunfire 235 190 80.9 45 19.1
Hollow chg. i+3 38 88.4 5 11.6
Mine 19 7 36.8 12 63.2
Mortar 6 1 16.7 5 83.3
US: Gunfire 740 394 53.2 346 46.8
Hollow chg. 142 67 47.2 75 52.8
Mine 190 25 13.2 165 86.8
Mortar 10 2 20.0 8 80.0
Canada: Gunfire 54 48 88.9 6 II.1
Hollow chg. 13 II 84.6 2 15.4
Mine 2 1 50.0 1 50.0
Mortar — — ~
TOTAL - ETO
Gunfi re 1029 632 61.4 397 38.6
Hollow chg. 198 116 58.6 82 41.4
Mine 211 33 15.6 178 84.4
Mortar 16 3 18.8 13 81.2
30
UNCLASSIFIED
<N4
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Fire Damage and Repairability
TABLE XVIII
TANK CASUALTIES WHICH BURNED - ALL THEATERS
31
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE XIX
(Sampling)
TOTALS BY THEATER
TOTALS 8Y COUNTRY
32
UNCLASSIFIED
ÜNCLASSttlED
PERSONNEL CASUALTIES
As may be seen from Table XX, the First Army sample of 21k
medium tanks revealed that the tank commander suffered the
heaviest casualty rate, 57 percent* The driver had the lowest
percentage for this sample, k7 percent.. The remaining three
crew positions all hovered near the 50 percent mark. The higher
casualty rate among the commanders is no doubt due in part to
the fact that it was frequently necessary for them to expose
themselves, either partially or wholly, in fighting their vehicles.
In so doing they become extremely vulnerable to the Germans' two
main casualty-producing weapons—gunfire and bazooka attacks«
This sample also shows that the casualty rate for these 271;
medium tanks was f>l percent of all the crewmen involved«
The First Army light tank sample as shown by Table XXI did
not reveal any appreciable difference in casualty rates for their
four crew positions» As may be expected, however, the rates for
each position ran about 15 percent higher than their medium tank
counterparts. The over-all casualty rate for the crews of these
BO light tanks approximated 65 percent.
33
"^■L.. CJZS era
iUNCLASSIHED
«■■■PWOASSIFIED
0R0-T-H7 Personnel Casualties
Table XXIV, percentages for the various types of causative agents
were worked out for three theaters» The casualty rates for the
Italian and Sicilian campaigns ran approximately three percent
higher per category» A possible explanation of this pay be the
closer ranges involved. For additional information on British
tank crew casualty data, see the Harkness and Wright study »if-/
,UNCLASStfIED
[CLASSIFIED
0R0-T--117 Personnel Casualties
engine compartment which caused evacuation of
the crew. No members of the crew were injured»
35
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Personnel Casualties
36
[UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Personnel Casualties
in not having very many men killed or
seriously injured» Several men have been
burned out but not badly«, We have had a
number of tank CO's wounded in shoulders
and neck from various causese They all ,
ride with their heads out of the turrets0i2/
15/ Ibid.
16/ Quotation from letter, Subject; Visit of Col, Black to
736th Tank Battalion, HQ, 9th US Army, OC uroored Section,
25 Apr. 19U5. (DECLASSIFIED).
37
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/
ORO-T-117 Personnel Casualties
TABLE XXV
(SampIing)
Personnel
IN tanks
Killed 7 II 2 20
Wounded 14 17 29 60
Hissing in Action 21 5 26
TOTAL 21 49 36 106
OUTSIDE tanks
Killed 13 12 4 29
Wounded 72 «w 27 143
Dead of Wounds 5 4 9
Missing in Action 12 12
TOTAL 102 60 31 193
1*3
UNCLASSIfffiD
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE XXVI
hk
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX A
OPERATIONAL CHARTS
m rr= fo H fr* «-?
nMMUNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX A
OPERATIONAL CHARTS
Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19 treat graphically the Italian and
North African samples.
us _«___ *JH<XASS1F1ED
Figure 1U. SAMPLN
(Causation
ETI
150
100
50 - r^
D-Day D-Day-
Note: Due to i
British samp)
data aa tt
WQ^m •Ju>
KEY
CAUSATION
Gunfire
L. -— k.
© -C OJ Mines
I > OC 3
1 — -M
Of •« •>
:1 c« »• UJ
-M Misc. Non Enemy
« « —
Hollow Charge
i o
Misc. Enemy Action
8 I 2
No.
of
Tanks
100
75 -
50
Z5
D-Day-
&_*£.
Month J JASONDJF MAM
1944 1945
ue to type of records used for computing Dote: Data as to misc-enemy causation was too small to chart.
h sampling it was impossible to obtain OM17-14 APRS1
a as to misc. non-enemy casualties.
UNCLASSIFIED
B
Figure 15. SAMPLII
(Causation Expresi
ET
90
0 —
a. 0
CO
ÜC
•>
-H
tu
0 C
CO CO CO -H
— J=
0*1 «
(0
-O
»■c
85 <d 0 3 £ c
u <d
U. -M
C CD
1 CO —
— O CD a> 0
CO c
80 *" CO
L. >
O-O O Ot (O
X-« ■CJ c 0
•0 \ 1 0)
—*
L. .C
75 0 (0-W
0. A c 0 a
1 > >
CO
■0
— 0
oco
— eft ■<
70 —• c
j
3 <D 1
4-
-O
65 _ C
.—
0-0
v
a» -H
a —
> E
60 — c —
1
1
55
50
45 V
40
35
/
V \
/
V
30 /
\
1
/
25
/
20
- /\/
15 /
7
10 f A\
/
5 / v.-
1 1
Month J Month J S
1944
UNCLASSIFgp
\ /
\ /
1 VN
0 D F
I
M Month J
1945
WCLASSIFM
i
Figure 16. SAMPLII
(Causation
It.
US TANK CASUALTIES
UNITED KIN
<s
c
Ol
o
n
i.
o
ec
•e
o
a
c o
(0 +J
CO V.
o
o a.
o
o ._ >
b Q£
L.
(_a) c
O
o
o
-H
*—
Ol
L.
Ol
1- <0
0)
U ©
c -c. ®
(0
>
"O
-M
Ol
■M
-< c *-o
•Ö 0>
a» 4)
+J o
V. -M
3 O
(0 (0
L. ., 1
« 3
a.
Month S 0 N D J F M A MJJ
*SONDJFMAM Month
1943 \m ig«
OF ALLIED TANK CASUALTIES
y Numbers of Tanks)
ly 1943-19115 Figure 16
Mines
Hollow Charge
30 -
Canadian Forces
v. Transferred
^ to ETO
US TANK CASUALTIES
Month S
UNCLASSIFIED
1945 •943
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UTIES
iges)
Figure 17
Gunfire
Mine»
OU
Reproduced From
Best Available Copy
\
\
\
\ /
\ /
1945 1945
■943
{UNCLASSIFIED
Figure 18. SAMP
(Causatio
North
>»
X» 11 1 OT
1 a>
250 -
4)
!J 1■ I o
k.
> *■ i 1 o
o 1 1 u
*
<0
c 0) I 1
•— 1
<a
«0 V 1 "~
^ 4- -t-1 1 1 x
XI 4- +*
<s 11 1 ■*■
o
200 —
.j 00 1 1 *~
1 o
<u -C «J
H- > <0 "V 1 >«
o •*B
c 1 1 •*■* <a
q> (0 +J o| 1 ■"' «f-
> c "■—
"I 1 3 ^~
4>
<u L. 0)1 11 •> «
+• <o 4- 00 col L. X
150 —
+>
«8
c
« o
1
k.
o
if 1 3
1 OL •a
CO 4-
4- 4- |l R)
-M O a>
<o ■o ■o 01
L. c o 1_
cd
u. o .c
o o>
u. a. 4- Dl
_
H-
O .e o
100 Dl a> 0> a. U.
0> C 3 c
(O -H> 1 o O
(0 O. -a
-C Z3 6 I.
a. o E as u CO
L. O 3
^_ en Of ■1 ■o CO
<a 0)
1
c 1 1 OS
50
LL. 1 1
1
/\
/ \
L-fcai
MAMJJASONDdhMA
1941
Note: Casualty data on miscellaneous enemy and non-enemy caus
As hollow charge weapons were not in general use in Nc
l»rCLASSIFIED
c
o
KEY
CAUSATION
Gunfire
«a
Mines «9
<0
0> in
CO
to a>
id
c
D-Day->
o«o-n-ie k«»5i
3S omitted because of inadequate records,
rth Africa, this line was omitted.
UNCLASSIFIED
*
Mines
i-i
2
CO
u
/r
I
/\
A\ / \ A
/
v
/ \
\ / /
! \ /
A
/ \ /
/
(
/
/ ^
/ \/
KL
1942 1943 1942 1943
OAO 17- 19 AfRSl
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX B
UNCLASSIFIED
mzsmmmCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX B
GENERAL
HISTORICAL DATA
TABLE XXVII
Cause # %
Mines 45 2.6
Aircraft 35 2L.0
Total 17431'
U8
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRO -T -117 Appendix B
250 modern tanks were put back in combat condition after the Armistice,
in the Free Zone. The difference represents those tanks that met with
accidents, broke down, were abandoned, or were set afire by their
crews to avoid capture. No data exist as to those tanks repaired in
factories and parks between 10 May and 25 June 1940, or those sal-
vaged on the battlefield, repaired, and sent back into battle.
Nothing has yet been found to make it possible to calculate the
depot replacements, especially of Somua (cavalry) tanks.
U9
[UNCLASSIFIED
■^■äHUNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX C
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX C
CONTENTS
Page
PART I: Allied Tank Casualties to Mines - All Theaters ~~5>3
Introduction 59
Study 1. The Battles for Egypt, 1942 ........ 59
Study 2. Targul Frumos, 1944 63
Study 3. The Aaohen-Roer Offensive, Oct-Nov 1944 .... 6k
Conclusions 68
Figure 21 following Sk
Figure 22 following 55
Figure 23 following 75
Figure 25 ; following 75
Figure 26 following 75
^UNCLASSIFIED
0R0*T-U7 Appendix C
PART I
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRO -T -117 Appendix C
Thus General Martel has said that land mines were but little
used early in World War II: "It was not thought that mines would
be used in any large numbers in the initial stages in Europe^1939-40/
as mobile warfare precludes the use of extensive minefields. Actually
they were hardly used in France at all. It was thought better to use
ditches and other artificial obstacles to stop tanks."19/ Our records
show no Canadian tanks mined at Dieppe. As will be seen from Fig-
ures 1-4, the Axis began to employ land mines in huge numbers in
1944 and 1945 in Europe. The addition of those mined tanks included
in the multiple-weapon category, plus that mined portion that probably
exists in the large "unknowns" (27 percent for Canada, 20 percent
for the US forces, and 4 percent for the British) would doubtlessly
increase the over-all mined figure to about 30 percent for the three
armies. This percentage represents Allied tank casualties incurred
in every type of fighting engaged in during the European campaigns
amphibious, offensive, defensive, and pursuit phases.
19/ Lt Gen Sir G. leQ. Martel, Our Armoured Forces, London, 1945, p $3
TÜNCIASSIFIED). '
56 m^mm^m, UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
uj 5
»el-
50
40 -
30 REPAIRABLE
co 1^^ UNREPAIRABLE
be
UNKNOWN
z
20 -
10-
June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec I Jan Feb Mar Apr May
19 4 4 19 4 5
ORO i"5-5 APR 51
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
120 80
I 10-
I 00 — 70
90 ■ Track
_i 80- 60
CO
S 70
as
if 60 ■ 50
50
40 - HO
30
«CO
Bog ie
20 - 30
z -* —
<a <o a
10
o o. -a «a
i_ o — « « o n
U_ H- CO Q£
-in mm IHI1 DEL. 20
Idler
FIGURE 21.— US FIRST ARMY TANK CASUALTIES
TO MINES. BREAKDOWN OF 435 10
POINTS HIT ON 167 MINED TANKS. Sprocket
0 «11111111 Sponson
ORO ITS-fc BPR5I
UNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
PRO -T -117 Appendix C
The 167 tanks hit by mines had 435 different recorded hits.
The 435 hits were distributed as follows:
» —m^*m*.UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
900-
MINE CASUALTIES
(a) Repairability Unknown
(b) Unrepairable
800- (c) Repairable
600
5 TANKS - MINE &
> ARTILLERY PENETRA-
*
TATI0N. ONE BURNED
500-
u
</>
400- o
aj
300-
18 TANKS - MINE
CO
PENETRATION ONLY.
13 BURNED
<£
200-
(O
CO
I 00 — OJ
(c)
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
TABLE XXVIIii/
"WESTERN EUROPE
Riegel Mine 43 18 25
Teller Mines 2 5
Riegel or Teller 4 5
Unknown 50 65
20/M.O.R.Uv Report No. 32, Report on the Armoured Pursuit after the
Crossing of the Rhine. Par. T3~S Mined Belts of Ground. (SECRET)
PJCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
~~ [UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRO-T-117 Appendix C
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
opo-T-13,? Appendix C
PART II
INTRODUCTION
» _— [UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRO-T-117 Appendix C
60.
trb fr3 //\\ F^ r=> cr
^>
[UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRO-T-117 Appendix C
FACTS
TABLE XXIX
Aerial Totals
Period AT Mines Laid AP Mines Laid Bombs Laid Laid
July 10-
Aug. 31 y £/ 874 178,903
Sept. 1-
Oct. 5 49,067 3, 135 177 52,379
Oct. 5-
NOT. 1 63,700 25, 300 85 89,085
1,136 320,367
TABLE XXX
68 710
530 1114
^ ^UNCLASSIFIED
SBWBäüNCLASSIFIED
ORO-q-117 Appendix C
Thus,
or $4,255,000 : $25,779,600
' [UNCLASSIFIED
füNCLASSIFffiD
PRO-T-117 Appendix C
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
During October and November 1944, the German LXXXI Army Corps
defended the region from Geilenkirchen to Aachen, and eastward to
the Roer and Inde.
When the American First Army broke through, the LXXXI Corps
fell back slowly, defending each town and village. Machine guns,
artillery, and tanks were emplaced within houses with good fields
of fire. The defenders relied heavily on land mines and artillery
to stop further advance. In the region of the First-Ninth Army
boundary, US units ran into one of the most heavily mined areas
experienced in the war up to that time. After-action reports refer
to the abundance of covering artillery and antitank weapons
employed by the LXXXI Corps.
United States armor which fought against the LXXXI Corps, and
for which data on tank losses is available, included:
2nd Armored Division
3rd Armored Division
743rd Tank Battalion
745th Tank Battalion
746th Tank Battalion
747th Tank Battalion
750th Tank Battalion
759th Tank Battalion
70th Tank Battalion
m
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
FACTS
TABLE XXXI
1-31 Ootober
50 November
1/ The term tank casualty is used to mean any tank (not including
tank destroyers or assault guns) which was put out of action for
the remainder of the day's operation as a result «f enemy action
or becoming bogged down by terrain. Mechanical failure is not here
included as a cause of tank casualties«
m
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
1-30 November
TABLE XXXII
65
CLASSIFIED
BBÄHSUNCLASSIFIED
PRP-T-117 Appendix C
Using as a yardstick of cost the estimated 195P mass produc-
tion figure of a US medium tank T42 as |195,3PP,, and $16.6P for a
US antitank mine, HE, M6A1, we may set up the following equations.
8P x$195,3PP = fl5,624,PPP
and
or
lj5S
m UNCLASSIFIED
■JKHPINCUSSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
CONCLUSIONS
«e __ „ __ UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
m UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix C
France 221
Belgium 113
Luxembourg 87
Germany 128
Total 549
TABIE XXXIII
79
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
PRO-T-117 Appendix C'
ANNEX 1
n MHUKUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
7B
[UNCLASSIFIED
HUPPUNCLASSIFIED
PRO-ff-117 Annex lg Appendix C
'Ǥ UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
030-T-117 Annex 1, Appendix C
M
1 HHBiUNCLASSIHED
UNCLASSIFIED
OFO-T-117 Annex 1, Appendix C
9 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
3.6
1 1 1
^___ ii/noi r\ WAD TT
1 i
3.3
WORLD WAR I /
3.0 -
2.7-
MONTHLY
TOTAL
2- M- -
S MINES
2.1 - T MINES
co
o
1.8- 120
_l
_l
1.5-
1.2-
.9-
.6-
.3-
UNCLASSIFIED
.UNCLASSIFIED
70
NON-METALLIC MINES
60 -
K^ ALL OTHERS
60 -
ae
o
—I
_l
— 40
Ul
o
=3
| 30
o.
20
10
: ■* A * A jryyyy^xxxx
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 CUMULATIVE
(Sept. TOTALS
to Dec. ) ORO 15-9 APR 51
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
a
a.
*2
S
o in
CO >
UJ O
CO CO
UJ UJ —I
— — en 01
S 3i UJ 3
|
Q-
LU
CO
CO
o o
CO
©
I—
a.
o o
o cj
UJ
3E
OJ
«) O
j-
* ill
OJ
— —III
mug
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
24-
X
z
.3. 16 -
Q
LU
«J
3
£3
14 -
O
OS
Q-
CO 12 -
10
8 -
6 -
4 -
1939
(Sept.
1940 1941 1942 1943
u
1944 1945 CUMULATIVE
TOTALS
.l „ . ORO 15-H «PR. 5»
to Dec. )
.UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFIED
APPENDIX D
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
OliO-T-117 Appendix D
TABLE XXXIV
1
Incl. 274 produced, Sept-Dec 1939.
2
Incl. 314 produced in 1939.
3
1939-late 1942.
4
Note: US furnished 27,777 tanks to UK (Lend-lease) and 7,056 tanks to USSR.
5
UK furnished 3,800 tanks to USSR. Canada furnished 1,220 tanks to USSR.
UNCLASSIFIED
.UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX D
Tanks - 8,622
Assault Guns - 2,1|10
Total: 11,032
MK. VI - U37
MK. V - 1,386
MK, 17 - 1,558
■*
75m „ AG, - 2,1+39
Total. 5,820
(2) Sufficient Panthers and MS. IVs to equip fully about lf>
of the 33 Panzer divisions then in existance0
(Their W0E. was; 98 MK.V 93 MK«IV per divn«)
Tanks - 3,571
Assault Guns - 2,550
Total; 6,121
Thus by June 1st for these types alone the holdings has
increased since January thus:
The ÜSSBS Report says that during this period the total
strength of the Panzer units rose from 11,000 to UuOOO. It
gives production (including S.P.G.) as 7,272. That means that
1 S C L Ulati n f l0Sses was about
^ c 5o ° ° ^300, which may be correct
if b.P.G. and Assault Guns other than 75mm are included, as
19 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix D
80 IJMCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix D
The USSBS Report (p. 169) says that "in the five months
after D-Day, 10,000 Panzer vehicles were destroyed in battle or
abandoned in retreats." The JN6 figure for this period (i.e. to
the end of October) is 7011. However, this discrepancy can be
accounted for by the fact that the JN6 figure covers only Marks IV,
V and VI and 75 mm AGs. The USSBS Figure presumably includes all
fighting armour including S.P.Gs.
81
UNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 -—--■- - Appendix D
to the West«
The answer seems to be that for the first two months after
D-Day the West was starved because it appeared to. Hitler that the
Allied bridgehead was being contained with the forces already on
the spot—and anyway it v/as merely a 100-mile fronto On the
other hand the demands of the Eastern Front were more vast and
more urgent. Because of the great distances the wear and tear on
tanks and engines was very much greater and the battle was so much
more open that more armour was needed. In addition, the Russians
were advancing and the Western Allies were not«, As late as the
start of August Hitler still regarded the campaign in France as a
holding action0 Indeed, the apparent success of the German Command
in the West in the defensive battles of June and July paved the way
for its utter defeat in August* The Panzer divisions had been
exhausted in the bocage and had not the strength to counter the
breakout«
Hitler's natural inclination to give priority to the East
was reinforced when Guderian, who had been Inspector of Panzer
Troops, became Chief of Staff at O.K.H. on July 20th. (In
support of this view, see von KLuge's last letter—Aug. 18th—and
Eberibach's interrogation«) Since he was now concerned exclusively
with the East and since he still exercised control over the
Inspectorate of Panzer Troops, it was natural that he directed to
the Eastern Front the bulk of the tanks that became available,,
By the time Hitler woke up to the danger in the West the new
tanks had already been sent to the East and were heavily engaged«
With the railway network already disorganized by bombing, there
was no chance of carrying out a major strategic switch of armoured
forces.
The demands of the Eastern front in June and July must have
seemed much the more urgent. In these months the losses of tanks
and 75«mm AGs on all fronts came to 2669. Of these at least
2,000 must have been on the Russian front. In the same period
output of these types was 2,U6U—of which perhaps 1^0 all told
went to France. This moans that losses in the East were replaced
tank for tank during June and July, while the West received
replacements for less than a third of its losses—if that«,
82 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
CRO-T-117 Appendix D
while at least 85% of the tank losses in the East had been
replaced, the Panzer forces in the West had been reduced to
skeletons, and had received replacements for less than 2$% of
their tank and assault gun losses» The result was that at the
end of September, when there were some 500 tanks and assault
guns in the West and another 20O-250 in Italy, the total holdings
of MK„ Vis, Vs and IVs and 75mm AGs was, according to JN6, 636Lu,
If this is correct, it means that more than 5>000 tanks and
75mm AGs were in the East giving this front a ten to one advantage
over the West in armour <,
83
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX E
.UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX E
CONTENTS
Page
Discussion ...... . 88
Gunfire 88
Hollow Charge Weapons 88
Land Mines 88
Air Action 89
Miscellaneous Causes 89
ANNEX 1. Statistical Analysis of Tank Losses by
Cause in the German-Soviet War • • 90
ANNEX 2. German Estimates and Comments on Own
Tank Casualties ...... • 92
ANNEX 3. Soviet Data on German Tank Casualties . 9k
ANNEX ho US Employment of Land Mines . . . • 95
ANNEX 3>« Antitank and Antipersonnel Mines . • 97
ANNEX 6. Bazookas and Panzerfaust Weapons » •100
ANNEX 7. Examination of Causes for Rendering
Tanks Inoperative ..... •101
APPENDIX E
86 H UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
TABLE XXXV
GERMAN TANK LOSSES BY CAUSATION - 19^-1945
(Samp!ing)
/
CAUSE OF IMMOBILIZATION NO. OF TANKS PERCENT OF TOTAL KNOWN
GUNFIRE:
75-mm or 76-mm AP 66 12.5
75-mm HE + AP 2 0.4
90-mm AP 6 I.I
Tank 125 23.6
Tank + Artillery 100 18.9
TD 24 4.5
TD + Artillery 7 1.3
Artillery 11 2.6
AP 127 21.0
APC 7 1.3
AP (TD) 2 0.4
HE 19 3.5
57-mm AT 3 0.6
SP 1 0.2
"Gunfire" 26 1.9
TOTAL 529 43.8
HOLLOW CHARGE WEAPONS:
Hollow Charge Weapons TOTAL 53 4.4
AIR:
Rocket 35 38.5
Cannon 4 4.4
Bomb 7 7.7
"Fighters" 7 7.7
"Air" 38 41.7
TOTAL 91 • 7.5
MINE:
Mine TOTAL 3 '. 0.2
.8?
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-11? Appendix E
DISCUSSION
Land Mines. Less than one percent of the German tank casualty
sample was mined« This is in contrast to the percentage of Allied
tanks mined in the same theater which was 20 percent*., *ss;tually,
the Allies had but infrequent occasion to engage in the type of
defensive warfare that would necessitate mine-laying, e,g,, the
Normandy beachhead (Caen), Strasbourg, the Ardennes, and Metz, See
the section on "American Employment of Land Mines," We have
previously seen the comparative ease of repairability of tanks
damaged by mines but it is remarkable how the Germans' excellent
system generally facilitated swift salvage and repair» Consequently,
our forces encountered few enemy tanks immobilized by our land
MJNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
no LHNriASSIFlED
Ö9
(UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX 1
2. Where tank losses are dealt with they are usually shown
as "total" or "repairable." The tank status reports normally show
the number in line, in repair in the operational area, or in repair
in rear area shops. The cause of tank destruction or damage is
not usually indicated unless circumstances were extraordinary« The
tattle losses are chiefly due to artillery fire« However, there
is a report by Guderian to Hitler in 19hh in which he does not
discuss percentage rates, but states that the main reason for tank
losses can be ascribed to the lack of recovery gear. It appears
that in the over-all production effort the Germans cut down on the
rate of production of tank transporters, and this was later re-
flected in inability to get damaged tanks out of the combat area,
CONCLUSIONS:
90 CLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
QR0-T-I17 Annex 1, Appendix E
JOHN R. ULMER
Lt. Colonel, GSC
Chief, Foreign Studies Branch
91 UNCLASSIFIED
:
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX 2
3k/ Notes on Separate Tank Battalions. No. 2, Hq, 12th Army Group,
Armored Section, 13 Aug 19hh»
92 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
3;5/ Visit to Armored Units, Armored Section, Hq, 12th Army Group,
13 Feb. 19U5
93
UNCLASSIFIED
_^-^—
fej
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX 3
TABLE XXXVI
(Sampling)
AT Rifles
(or Molotov cocktails) 18 0.5
a awrtigawm
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX k
96
UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
0RQ-T-H7 , Appendix E
ANNEX $
91 UNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Annex g, Appendix E
98
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Annex $a Appendix E
Question lOU? "Have the mines, AT, HE, M-6 and M-7•
been used? If so, which is most suitable for front line
use?"
'99
[CLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX 6
{UNCLASSIFIED
100
CRO-T-117 Appendix E
ANNEX 7
HEADQUARTERS
THIRD UNITED STATES ARMY
Office of the Ordnance Officer
APO U03
KRD/rfe
19 March 19h$
•••
8 - Hit by rockets
k - Hit by 90-mm AP
ll7 - Hit by 75-mm or 76-rnm AP
1 - Tank destroyed by mine,
I4.O - Tanks or hP% were destroyed by terrain
obstacles or mechanical deficiencies0
m HHHäÄUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
0R0-T-H7 Annex 1, Appendix E
K. R„ DANIEL
Lt Col, Ord1Dept
Asst Ordnance Officer
k Incls
Incl 1 - Statistics, Mk III & IV German Tanks
Incl 2 - Plot of All Hits, Mk III & IV German Tanks
Incl 3 - Statistics, Mk V & VI German Tanks
Incl k - Plot of All Hits, Mk V & VI German Tanks
io2 HHHKUNCLASSIFIEO
UNCLASSIFIED
1 M
8 HITS 08 It ON I .
REAR Oh HULL [—■ " "
8 - P: 6J
0 - K: 0*
1 II
i - P: 28»
i - R: 5J
V
V \ ,' i , ■■*- v
-"~
(A
vA UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
I HIT OR \% ON
1
BACK OF TANK
11
i
24 HITS OR 24) ON
SIDE OF TURRET
B . R: &%
C
SIDE OF HULL BELOW
TRACK LINE
20 - P: 2I)(
8 - R: 8)
10 - P: 10%
6 - R: 5%
19 HITS OR 9* ON
FRONT OF TURRET
3 - P: 3J
6 - R: 6*
To 1
21 HITS OR 22» OH
I FRONT OF TANK HULL
6 - P: 6>
IS - R: 16%
36 TANKS CHECKED
(Total of 98 hits registered)
31 TANKS BURNED
12 BURNED BECAUSE OF HITS
19 BURNED BECAUSE OF DEMOLITION CHARGE
OM 17-ZS *«Sf
Figure 30. SITE OF HITS ON GERMAN MARK V AND VI TANKS.
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX P
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX -1
United Kingdom
10U
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 appendix F
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, Oth, UOth, Hist, U2nd, uUth,
Regimente
Tank Battalions.
United Kingdom
lo5 üHÜMtaNCLASSIFIED
tffc
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
17th/21st Lancers
Canada
106
[UNCLASSIFIED
.UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
United States of America (continued)
w flHHHKUNCLASSIFIED
ÜIH&UNCLASSIHED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
108 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
United Kingdom
I5th/I9th Hussars
23rd Hussars
lo? _—[UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
110 „
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
0R0-T-H7 Appendix F
Tank Regiment
Canada
m mmmmaHMJNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Appendix F
PACIFIC THEATER
US Army
US Marine Corps
United Kingdom
BIBLIOGRAPHY
^UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ALLIED SOURCES
Bazookas and A/T Guns, AGF Board Report No. 780, k Apr 19h$
Departmental Records Branch, TAGO, D/A, Washington, D.C.
Combat Experiences« AGF Board Report, ETO. No. 892,30 Apr 19U5.
Departmental Records Branch, TAGO, D/A, Washington, D.C«
113
UNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Bibliography
Data on Tank Losses: Letter & File from Hq? Third US Army to CG,
CommZ, ETO, Attn: Brig Gen J. A. Holly, Armored Section,
5 Mar 19U5, Subject: Data on US Tanks Knocked Cut by Enemy
Action. The Armored School, Ft. Knox, Ky. (CONDIFENTIAL)
Data on Tank Losses; Letter & file from Hq, Third US Army, to
CG, CommZ ETO, Attn: Brig Gen J. A. Holly, Armored Section,
8 Apr 19U5, Subject: Data on US Tanks Knocked Out by Enemy
Action. The Armored School, Ft. Knox, Ky. (UNCLASSIFIED)
Data on Tank Losses in Sicily. Letter & file from Gen G. S.
Patton, Jr., to Maj Gen Alvan C. Gillen, 17 Nov 19U3» The
Armored School, Ft. Knox, Ky. (UNCLASSIFIED)
11U
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Bibliography
115 1 ■ H IÜNCLASSIFIED
^UNCLASSIFIED
CRQ-T-U7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Order of Battle of the US Army, World War II, ETO. Paris, France,
Office of the Theater Historian, 19li5.
116 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Bibliography
GERM&N SOURCES^"
117 UNCLASSIFIED
[UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Bibliography
118
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
ORO-T-117 Bibliography
119 [UNCLASSIFIED