A.

Definition
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused
by the dangue virus and is transmitted by the Aedes Aegypty mosquito.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue
virus and is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and can also be
transmitted by Aedes albopictus, which is characterized by: Sudden high
fever, for no apparent reason, persists for 2-7 days, bleeding
manifestations , including positive Tourniquet test, thrombocytopenia
(platelet count ≤ 100,000 / μl), hemoconcentration (hematocrit increase ≥
20%), accompanied by or without enlargement of the liver (Depkes RI,
2005).
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease that
often causes outbreaks and causes death in many people, this disease is
caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito.
These mosquitoes are widespread in homes, schools and other public
places such as places of worship, restaurants, offices, village halls and
others so that every family and community carries a risk for dengue
disease. There is no cure for dengue disease, and there is no vaccine for
prevention, so the only way to eradicate this disease is to eradicate the
aedes aegypti mosquito (Depkes RI, 1996).

B. Causes
A person can get Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) if bitten by a
mosquito (especially) Aedes Aegypti containing Dengue Virus. There are
four types (serotypes) of dengue virus that can cause DHF, namely DEN-
1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Infection of one of the serotypes will only
form antibodies (immunity) to the serotype in question, so that these
antibodies cannot protect against the threat of other stereotypical
infections. Therefore someone who has been affected by dengue may still
 have another terkana (up to 4 times, for 4 serotypes). Based on the most
dominant serotype study in Indonesia, DEN-3 can cause severe symptoms.
Dengue virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of the
Aedes aegypti mosquito as its vector (carrier). Aedes albopictus and Aedes
plynesiensis mosquitoes can also transmit this virus, but the cases are rare.

The characteristics of Aedes mosquitoes that cause dengue fever

include:

1. Having white spots on the body and legs.

2. Breed in clear water and can only fly 100-200 meters.

3. The distinctive nature of the Aedes mosquito bites during the daytime,
morning and evening, when it breaks, it usually perches on a coat hanger.

4. When biting the body is not ninging, if ninging anopheles mosquitoes

(causes of malaria).

5. Breed in clean (landless) water such as in bathtubs, jars, drinking places

for birds and waterlogged used goods.

After the virus enters a person's body, the virus first multiplies in
the lymph nodes. Symptoms of Dengue Fever will appear around 4-6 days
after the virus enters the body.

C. Symptoms
Dengue fever is characterized by clinical symptoms such as fever,
signs of bleeding, hematomegaly and shock. These symptoms are sudden,
high fever, which continues - it continues for 2 to 7 days, up and down
(bifosik fever). Sometimes the body temperature is very high up to 400C
and fever can occur. The end of the fever phase is a critical phase in
dengue hemorrhagic fever. At the time of the fever phase has begun to
decline and the patient seems to recover from the liver because the phase
is the initial occurrence of shock, usually on the third day of fever.
D. Management
Action to be taken if there is a patient with dengue fever:
1. Important first aid gives as much drinking as possible
2. Compress with ice water
3. Give medicine to heat up
4. Then the patient is immediately taken to the nearest doctor / health
center to be examined. If suspected of having Dengue Fever will be
sent to the Hospital to be treated.
5. Report immediately to the local health center / sub-district health
office with a letter from the hospital

Furthermore, countermeasures will be carried out in the patient's home

area and its surroundings.

E. Prevention
Here are 5 easy ways you can prevent dengue fever.
1. Clean your bathtub once a week
Water is a breeding ground for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Female
mosquitoes lay eggs on a wall filled with water, mosquito larvae will then
get food from microorganisms that live around it. During this time,
mosquito larvae will release their protective skin and multiply until they
reach the final stage. When the mosquito larvae are strong enough, the
larvae will then turn into pupae. At the pupa stage, no food is needed.
Pupa will only experience a change in shape to eventually become an
ordinary mosquito ready to fly. This entire cycle lasts 8-10 days at room
temperature. Cleaning your bathtub at least once a week can break the life
cycle of Aedes aegypti mosquito.
2. Pay attention to your household furniture that holds water
Water basins, flower vases, buckets and other containers that can
hold water have the potential to become a place for nesting mosquitoes. Be
diligent in cleaning these places at least twice a week to reduce the risk of
mosquitoes carrying dengue fever.
3. Use mosquito netting
Mosquito gauze is useful to prevent the entry of mosquitoes from
outside the home. You can install this mosquito net on your door and
window.
4. Don't stack or hang clothes too long
Occasionally consider your coat hanger behind the door. Dirty
clothes that accumulate can be a favorite place to catch mosquitoes. Indeed
a pile of dirty clothes is not a place for mosquitoes to breed, but is a
favorite place for mosquitoes to perch. This is because mosquitoes like the
scent of the human body. If you really need to save the clothes that have
been used again, place the clothes in a clean and closed place.
5. Use mosquito repellent or mosquito nets
When you are traveling, don't forget to use mosquito repellent
lotion, especially on body parts that are not covered by clothing. But not
only when traveling, you still have to protect yourself from mosquito bites
while sleeping because the dengue mosquitoes are active at night until
before dawn. Besides using mosquito repellent lotion, using mosquito nets
while sleeping can also help avoid mosquito bites and prevent dengue
fever.