Power management is a computing device feature that allows users to control the

amount of electrical power consumed by an underlying device, with minimal

impact on performance. It enables the switching of devices in various power
modes, each with different power usage characteristics related to device
performance.

Techopedia explains Power Management

A native feature of most hardware devices, power management is
managed by a computer's preinstalled firmware or installed host operating
system (OS). Firmware or a host OS typically uses Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) to access a computer's power
features.
In Windows 7 and later operating systems, a device can operate by default
between five different power modes: high performance, balanced, power
saver, sleep and hibernate. A system's performance is optimal but
consumes more energy in high performance mode, whereas power saver
mode saves energy but provides less performance.
Additionally, power settings may be manually adjusted to configure
computer brightness, end unnecessary backend device services or switch
a computer to sleep mode, etc.