cccccAcid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic.

Acid rain is a broad term

used to describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere It can have harmful effects on plants,
aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by
emissions of compounds of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water
molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Firstly,acid rain is caused by the two main sources are the oxides of nitrogen, or NO2, and sulfur
dioxide, or SO2.Sulfur dioxide, which is a colorless gas, is given off as a by-product when fossil fuels that
contain sulfur are burned. This gas is produced due to various industrial processes, like the processing of
crude oil, utility factories, and iron and steel factories. Natural means and disaster can also result in sulfur
dioxide being released into the atmosphere, such as rotting vegetation, plankton, sea spray, and
volcanoes, all of which emit about 10% sulfur dioxide. On the whole, industrial combustion is responsible
for 69.4% sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and vehicular transportation is responsible for
about 3.7%.

One other chemical which causes acid rain is Nitrogen oxide. Any nitrogen compound that contains
oxygen atoms of any amount is known as oxides of nitrogen. For example, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen
monoxide are oxides of nitrogen. These gases are produced in firing processes which involve extremely
high temperatures, e.g., utility plants and automobiles, as well as in chemical industries, such as in the
production of fertilizers. Five percent of nitrogen oxide is emitted by natural processes like lightning,
volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and action of bacteria in the soil. Industrial processes emit 32% and
vehicular transportation is responsible for 43%.

cccc×ne of the biggest effects of acid rain is on plant life Acid rain seeps into the earth and poisons plants
and trees by dissolving toxic substances in the soil, such as aluminum, which get absorbed by the roots.
Acid rain also dissolves the beneficial minerals and nutrients in the soil, which are then washed away
before the plants and trees have a chance of using them in order to grow.

Futhermore,when there is frequent acid rain, it corrodes the waxy protective coating of the leaves.
When this protective coating on the leaves is lost, it results in making the plant susceptible to disease.
When the leaves are damaged, the plant loses its ability to produce sufficient amounts of nutrition for it to
stay healthy. Once weakened, the plant becomes vulnerable to the cold weather, insects, and disease,
which can lead to its death.

ccccAnother effect of acid rain is on aquatic life Apart from plants, acid rain also affects aquatic organisms
adversely. A high amount of sulfuric acid interferes with the ability of fish to take in nutrients, salt, and
oxygen. As far as freshwater fish is concerned, in order for them to stay alive they need to have the ability
of maintaining a balance between the minerals and salts in their tissues. The molecules of acid result in
mucus forming in their gills, which prevents them from absorbing oxygen in adequate amounts. Plus, the
acidity, which reduces the pH level, causes the imbalance of salt in the tissues of fish.

Moreover, this change in the pH level also impairs the some of the fish¶s ability to maintain their calcium
levels. This impairs reproduction the ability of the fish, because the eggs become to weak or brittle. Lack
of calcium also causes deformed bones and weakened spines.

×necless obvious effect of acid rain is man-made objects Apart from causing harm to natural
ecosystems, acid rain also damages man-made structures and materials. For example, acid rain
dissolves sandstone, limestone, and marble. It also corrodes ceramic, textiles, paints, and metals. Rubber
and leather deteriorate if exposed to acid rain. Stone monuments and carvings begin losing their features
when exposed to acid rain.

cccc3he final effect of acid rain is on humans Most of all, acid rain affects human health adversely. It has
the ability of harming us via the atmosphere as well as the soil where the food we eat is grown. Acid rain
results in toxic metals breaking loose from the chemical compounds they occur in naturally. While toxic
metals may be dangerous, but as long as they exist in combination with other elements, they are not
harmful. Once acid rain causes these toxic metals to be released they can infiltrate into the drinking
water, and the animals or crops that humans use as sources of food. This contaminated food can
damage the nerves in children, or result in severe brain damage, or even death. Scientists suspect that
aluminum, one of the toxic metals affected by acid rain, is associated with Alzheimer¶s disease.

In addition,Another adverse health effect of acid rain on humans is the respiratory problems it causes.
The emissions of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide cause respiratory problems like throat, nose and eye
irritation; headache; asthma; and dry coughs. Acid rain is particularly harmful for those who have difficulty
in breathing or suffer from asthma. In fact, even the lungs of healthy people can be damaged by the
pollutants in acid air. an be carried far away from the original location of the rain.

In conclusion,acid rain which is the result of some chemicals in terms of the oxides of nitrogen, or NO2,
and sulfur dioxide, or SO2 and nitrogen oxide causes the environmental and human damage all across
the world.Therefore,the Government of all countries should have effective prevention methods.