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CE292: SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: 3

TESTING COMPACTION OF SOIL


BY
PROCTOR’S TEST

NAME MOHD JAKIR


ROLL NO. 1701CE15
GROUP NO. 2
DATE OF 22.JAN.2019
EXP.
DATE OF 29.JAN.2019
SUB.
3.1 INTRODUCTION:
Proctor’s Test was developed by Proctor in 1993. Standard Compaction
Test is to determine a relationship between moisture (water) content and
dry unit weight for a soil that is being considered for use in an engineered
fill, Example: an earth dam, road embankment, site development, etc. The
relationship may also be used to determine the suitability of the soil and
also to determine the optimum moisture content and the corresponding
maximum dry unit weight.

3.2 EQUIPMENTS
• A 1000cc capacity Proctor
Compaction mould
• Rammer
• Soil Specimen
• Straight Edge cutter
• Collar
• Trowel, Oven, Mining Pan
• Small Container, Weighing
Machine
• Measuring Jars and
Graduated Jars.

Figure 1: Compaction mould and


Rammer

Figure 2: Mould, Collar Figure 3: Weighing Machine


3.3 PROCEDURE:
a) Take some amount of soil such that the mould is completely filled to
the brim. This soil is then pulverized.
b) First of all, measure the weight of the mould and measure its
dimensions.
c) Then decide upon a specific water content level and then calculate
the amount of water required to be added for that purpose. Now add
the water to the soil sample and mix properly.
d) Now add the collar to the base and then proceed to compacting the
soil. This is done by ramming the soil with a number of blows ranging
from 25 to 56 depending on mould size.
e) After compaction, remove the collar and make sure to even out the
top layers.
f) The next step involves removing the compacted mould and splitting
it. Then small samples are taken and their water content calculated.
g) This is done by drying out the samples in oven and then calculating
the weight lost.
h) Then the formula/relation is used to calculate the corresponding dry
density.
i) The above are steps are repeated once again from various levels of
water content by adding more water.
j) The various results are plotted on a graph between water content
and dry density.
k) Now observe the graph and mark out the highest point of dry density
as the optimum water content level

3.4 OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:

Diameter of Mould = 10 𝑐𝑚
Height of Mould = 12.7 𝑐𝑚
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
water content , 𝑤 = × 100%
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝜌𝑏
Dry Density , 𝜌𝑑 =
𝑤+1
𝛾𝑑 = 𝜌𝑑 × 𝑔
Water Weight of Weight Weight of Weight of
Weight of
dry soil Mean
mixed Section empty Container soil dry soil + Water
𝑾𝟑 − 𝑾𝟏 water
with of mould container + soil 𝑾𝟐 − 𝑾𝟏 container (g) content
content
sample 𝑾𝟏(𝒈) 𝑾𝟐(𝒈) (𝒈) 𝑾𝟑(𝒈) (%)
𝒘(%)
TOP 8.5 19.5 11.0 18.5 10.0 9.09
8% MIDDLE 8.0 13.5 5.5 13.0 5.0 9.09
8.28
BOTTOM 8.5 16.0 7.5 15.5 7.0 6.67
TOP 8.5 18.5 10 17.5 9.0 10.00
10% MIDDLE 8.0 20.5 12.5 19.5 11.5 8.00
9.92
BOTTOM 8.5 17.0 8.5 16.0 7.5 11.76
TOP 8.0 19.5 11.5 18.0 10 13.04
12% MIDDLE 9.0 15.0 6.0 14.5 5.5 8.33
11.04
BOTTOM 8.5 17.0 8.5 16.0 7.5 11.76
TOP 8.5 15.0 6.5 14.0 5.5 15.38
14% MIDDLE 8.0 21.0 13.0 19.5 11.5 11.53
12.89
BOTTOM 8.5 25.5 17.0 23.5 15.0 11.76
Table 1: Calculation of average water
content
Bulk Dry Dry unit
Weight of Weight of Weight of Volume of
Water Content Density Density weight
mould mould + soil soil mould
𝒘(%) 𝛒 𝛒𝐝 𝑘𝑁
(𝒌𝒈) (𝒌𝒈) (𝒌𝒈) (𝒄𝒄) 𝜸𝒅 ( 3 )
(𝒈/𝒄𝒄) (𝒈/𝒄𝒄 ) 𝑚
8.28 6.370 2.046 2.051 1.894 18.584
9.92 6.518 2.194 2.199 2.001 19.631
4.324
11.04 6.480 2.156 997.455 2.161 1.946 19.096
12.89 6.450 2.126 2.131 1.888 18.522
Table 1: Calculation of Dry unit weight

3.5 RESULT:
From this experiment we determined the optimum water content of
our soil sample to occur at a water content of 9.92%, at which it
had a density of 2 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 .
COMPATION CURVE
19.8

19.6
Dry unit weight γd (kN/m3)

19.4

19.2

19

18.8

18.6

18.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Water Content w (%)

3.6 DISCUSSION:
Compaction is the process of mechanically densifying a soil. In this
experiment we applied Standard Proctor’s Test to determine
optimum water content corresponding to maximum dry density. Dry
density is the indicator of degree of compaction of soil. To
determine optimum water content, we compacted the given soil for
different water content levels. and then the taken samples are
observed after drying. And we drew water content vs dry unit
weight curve. First dry unit weight increase and after attaining its
maximum value dry unit weight decreases with increase in water
content, this happens because when the water content is low, the
soil is stiff and difficult to compress. Thus, low unit weight and high
air contents are obtained. As the water content increases, the
water acts as a lubricant, causing the soil to soften and become
more workable. This results in a denser mass, higher unit weights
and lower air contents under compaction. The water and air
combination tend to keep the particles apart with further
compaction, and prevent any appreciable decrease in the air
content of the total voids, however, continue to increase with
moisture content and hence the dry unit weight of the soil falls.

3.7 CONCLUSION:
This test has great importance in the field of Geotechnical
Engineering. Compaction is a type of ground improvement
technique. Compaction improves the engineering properties of soil.
These include stability, permeability, density, shear strength etc.
Given sample has most compaction at water content of 9.92%.

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