Tebodin Middle East Ltd.

P.O. Box 8092 • Dubai • United Arab Emirates

Telephone +971 4 45 42 870 • Fax +971 4 45 42 870
tebdubai@emirates.net.ae • www.tebodin.com • www.tebodinme.com

Client: EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Order number: 30178.00

Document number: 3410001
Project: Fire Safety Assessment
Revision: B

Author: CMD/PvG
Telephone: +971 4 45 42 870
Fax: +971 4 45 42 871
E-mail: pvgorp@tebodinme.ae

Date: 15 August 2011

Fire Safety Assessment for

EPPCO International Limited (EIL)
Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 2 of 43

B 15 Aug 2011 Final C. Dimagiba M. Bicknese P. van Gorp

A May 2011 Incorporated Client Comments C. Dimagiba M. Bicknese P. van Gorp
0 18 April 2011 Fire Safety Assessment preliminary report – C. Dimagiba M. Bicknese P. van Gorp
EIL Terminal 4 Facility – First draft
Rev. Date Description Author Checked by Approved by

© Copyright Tebodin

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission of the
publisher.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 3 of 43

Table of contents Page

List of Abbreviations 4

List of Tables 5

List of Figures 5

Appendices 6

1 Introduction 7
1.1 Objective 7
1.2 Scope of Work 7
1.3 Methodology 7

2 Project Background 8
2.1 Purpose of the Project 8
2.2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 8

3 Description of Existing Facility 9

3.1 Terminal 4 Location 9
3.2 Facility Layout 10
3.3 Tank Farm Details 11
3.4 Fire Protection, Detection and Alarm System 12

4 Identification of Risks 13
4.1 Hazardous Materials 14
4.2 Compliance Check for Distances According to Guidelines 16
4.3 Conclusion 18

5 Identification and evaluation of Major Accident Scenarios 19

5.1 Introduction 19
5.2 Identification; Accident scenarios 19
5.3 Credibility 20

6 Consequence analysis and Assessment of Major Accident Scenarios 21

6.1 Meteorological Conditions 22
6.2 Full Surface Tank Fire 24
6.2.1 Assumptions for Calculation 24
6.3 Heat Radiation Modeling Result 26
6.4 Conclusions 33

7 Fire Safety Assessment 34

7.1 Description of the Terminal Fire Safety Provisions 34
7.2 Analysis 35

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 10 of 43

3.2 Facility Layout

Figure 2 below shows the layout of EIL’s Terminal 4 facility.

Tank Tank
403 Tank 404 405 Tank 406
6

Tank 401 Tank 402

1

3
4
Tank 407

2 4

Legend
Facility Boundary DGO Product 1- Security House 4- Pump House
Bund Walls (Gravel Area) MTBE Product 2- Transformer Room / SGR 5- Foam Skid
Bund Walls (Concreted / Grade Slab) ULG Product 3-Tank Truck Loading Rack 6- Oil Water
Entrance/ Exit Separator (OWS)

DGO – Diesel Gas Oil; MTBE – Methyl-Tert-Butyl-Ether; ULG – Unleaded Gasoline

Figure 2: Terminal 4 Facility Layout

Source: Google Earth 2011

The total plot area is approximately 58,000 m2; and almost 90% of the area is occupied by the tank farm. A copy
of the facility layout is attached as Appendix 1.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 11 of 43

3.3 Tank Farm Details

The table below summarizes the storage tank details indicating the products stored, date built/ commissioned,
dimension and storage capacity.

Table 1: Terminal 4 Storage Tank Details

Tank # Product Date Built Dimension Capacity
(D x H) (m3)
401 DGO Jan 1990 77.11X17.07 79,720
402 ULG Jan 1990 77.11X17.07 79,720
403 MTBE Jan 2001 34X23.48 20,000
404 ULG Jan 2001 48X23.48 40,000
405 ULG Jan 2001 34X22.25 20,000
406 ULG Jan 2001 48X23.48 40,000
407 ULG Jan 2001 34X22.25 20,000

All tanks are provided with an internal CS pontoon type floating roof. Tank 401 and 402 are designed with a fixed
roof, the other tanks are designed with an aluminium domed roof.

All tanks are provided with level indicators. Only high level alarms are available and no independent high level
alarms are provided. Automatic tank gauging system (Radar Gauging) with average temperature probe is
provided for local and remote indication.

All tanks have cone down bottom with a central sump. They are externally painted with suitable paint for coastal
marine atmosphere.

The tank farm is bunded with a bund height of 1.3 meters high.

The tank specifications for all tanks are attached as Appendix 3.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 12 of 43

3.4 Fire Protection, Detection and Alarm System

The existing fire protection system drawing layouts (Ref DWG- 4 and 5) are attached as Appendix 1. Section 6
gives a detailed assessment of the fire safety equipment and layout.

The following fire protection, detection and alarm system are provided in Terminal 4:
• The entire tank farm is surrounded with firewater ring for operating the hydrants and monitors provided.
The fire water network is connected with two firewater header lines, one from EPCL and other from
DUGAS for supplying the fire water at any instance of a fire outbreak.
• Foam skid is provided and foam line is running all around the tank farm with foam pourers to all tanks as
indicated in the drawing. Foam system design is as per NFPA 11 considering rim seal protection.
• Self oscillating fire water tower monitors are provided.
• Dry Carbon Powder (DCP) / CO2 extinguishers suitable for A, B & C type fire are provided in each
bunded area, pump house and switchgear room.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 13 of 43

4 Identification of Risks
This section will identify and assess the hazards associated with handling of oil products in EIL Terminal 4.

As an overview, the following applicable standards are relevant:

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
o NFPA rating can be used to identify health, fire and reactivity rating on products.
o NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. This code can be used to identify Fire
and Explosion Hazards on site. The different NFPA Classes for the Flammable and
Combustible Liquids is reflected in the table below.

Table 2: NFPA Classes for Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Type Description

Flammable Liquids
Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below 100°F (37.8°C)
Class IA Any liquid that has a flash point below 73°F (22.8°C) and a boiling point below 100°F (37.8°C).
Class IB Any liquid that has a flash point below 73°F (22.8°C) and a boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C).
Class IC Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 73°F (22.8°C), but below 100°F (37.8°C).
Combustible Liquids
Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C)
Class II Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
Class III Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C).
• Class IIIA Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C), but below 200°F (93°C).
• Class IIIB Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C).

The properties of the products handled in EIL will be evaluated in this analysis.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 14 of 43

4.1 Hazardous Materials

Hazardous substances identified are flammable and combustible liquids that are classified under UN Class 3.
This was based on the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) of the products, which are attached as Appendix 6.
The chemical composition of the black and white oil products are enumerated below to give an overview of the
chemical components and its associated hazards.

Table 3: Product Chemical Composition

Product Chemical Composition Potential Hazards
Unleaded Gasoline (ULG) Gasoline Highly flammable; Fire and
Explosion
May contain limited or trace amounts of Benzene Ethyl Occupational
benzene Naphthalene Ethanol Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE)
MTBE Methyl tert-butyl Ether Highly flammable; Fire and
Explosion; Occupational
Diesel Gas Oil (DGO) Complex mixture of hydrocarbons C9-C20 Combustible: Fire ;
Occupational
Note: * May result in the evolution of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

The flashpoint and boiling point temperature of these products are presented in Table 4 below along with their
corresponding NFPA Class.

Table 4: Oil Products

Product Flash Point (º C) Boiling Point (º C) NFPA Class NFPA Rating
NF NH NR
Unleaded Gasoline <- 45 38 Class IA 3 1 0
(ULG)
MTBE - 10 55 Class IB 3 1 0
Diesel Gas Oil > 60 * Class IIIA 2 1 0
* Not provided in the MSDS

The classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids is based on the boiling point and flashpoint. The
flashpoint temperature of the substance is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given
off to form an ignitable mixture with air. The boiling point is the temperature at which the flammable or
combustible liquid starts to boil. Among the two parameters, the flashpoint temperature of the substance is used
as a basis for determining the fire and explosion hazard of a particular product; the lower the flashpoint of the
product signifies a higher fire and explosion risk.

The flashpoint of DGO is above 65 ºC which falls under NFPA class IIIA (Combustible Liquids). Combustible
liquids are not flammable but can combust when heated up to their flash point. Explosion hazards are not likely;
fire hazards are only likely in case of domino-effect.

Among the two flammable products, gasoline has the lowest flashpoint. The properties of gasoline will be used
as the basis to cover the worst case scenario in the risk assessment analysis in Section 6.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
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Flammable liquids will ignite and burn easily at ambient temperature. This characteristic of flammable liquids is
reflected through the NFPA fire rating which is indicated in the products MSDS, and the NFPA fire rating (NF) of
the two products is 3.

Other hazards related to the products are occupational health hazards. Both ULG and MTBE have a NFPA
health rating of 1 which signifies that a short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderate residual
injury.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
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6.3 Heat Radiation Modeling Result

The following heat flux radii results were derived from the Heat Radiation Modelling using Phast 6.6 Effects
Software. The figures show a worst case wind direction for each tank.
Wind Direction

North

35 kW/m2 @ 20 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 20 m high Tank of Fire

6 kW/m2 @ ground level

Figure 7: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 401 (D=77)

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
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Wind Direction

North

TK 405

35 kW/m2 @ 20 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 20 m high Tank of Fire

6 kW/m2 @ ground level

Figure 8: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 402 (D=77)

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
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North
Wind Direction

35 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tank of Fire

Figure 9: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 403 (D=34)

Note: No heat radiation of 6 kW/m2 is present at ground level based on calculation result.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
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Wind Direction

North

35 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 23.5m high Tank of Fire

6 kW/m2 @ ground level

Figure 10: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 404 (D=48)

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 30 of 43

Prevailing Wind
Direction

North

35 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tank of Fire

Figure 11: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 405 (D=34)

Note: No heat radiation of 6 kW/m2 is present at ground level based on calculation result.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 31 of 43

Prevailing Wind
Direction

North

35 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tank of Fire

6 kW/m2 @ ground level

Figure 12: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 406 (D=48)

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 32 of 43

Prevailing Wind
Direction

North

35 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tanks to be cooled

12 kW/m2 @ 23.5 m high Tank of Fire

Figure 13: Full Surface Tank Fire TK 407 (D=34)

Note: No heat radiation of 6 kW/m2 is present at ground level based on calculation result.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ
 Tebodin Middle East Ltd.
Order number: 30178.00
Document number: 3410001
Revision: B
Date: 15 August 2011
Page: 33 of 43

6.4 Conclusions
The following can be concluded from the heat radiation modeling results:

• From the heat radiation calculation results it can be seen that in all fire scenarios neighbouring tanks receive
a heat flux exceeding 12.5 kW/m2.

• The 35 kW/m2 contour is affecting a limited area of the neighbouring tanks and only in case of worst case
conditions.

• In most cases, fire fighting from the outside bund area at ground level is possible as the 6 kW/m2 exposure
limit reaches only parts of the roads around the tank farm and only in case of full surface fires in the larger
tanks.

Note that the heat radiation contours are based on a view factor being 1 (maximum). The maximum view factor is
achieved when the heat radiation is perpendicular to the subject object. The view factor would be zero in case
angle between the object and the radiation input is O degrees.
As a result it can be concluded that the heat radiation impact figures illustrated in the before pages are
conservative as the radiation impact to tank shell and roof will not be perpendicular.

Fire Safety Assessment for EPPCO International Limited (EIL) Existing Terminal 4 Facility in JAFZ