𝑥

𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑒 = 1 + + + + ⋯,
1! 2! 3!

𝑛
𝑛𝑥 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑥 2
(1 + 𝑥) = 1 + + +⋯
1! 2!
∞
𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎0 + ∑ (𝑎𝑛 cos + 𝑏𝑛 sin )
𝐿 𝐿
𝑛=1

1 1
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin (𝛼 ± 𝛽) cos (𝛼 ∓ 𝛽)
2 2

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎