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6)
Saturated steam at atmospheric pressure condenses on the outside surface of a 1-m-long
tube with 150 mm diameter. The surface temperature is maintained at 91 . Evaluate the
condensation rate if the pipe is orientated
a. vertically;
b. horizontally.
*You may neglect the temperature drop across the tube wall. Suggested initial guess: Tw
= 58 , Ti(out) = 36 .
(4) (Welty, Rorrer, Foster, 6th Edition International Student Version 20.7)
Saturated steam at 365 K condenses on a 2-cm tube whose surface is maintained at 340
K. Determine the rate of condensation and the heat transfer coefficient for the case of a
1.5-m-long tube oriented
a. vertically;
b. horizontally.
Determine the required heat-transfer surface area for a heat exchanger constructed from
10-cm OD tubes. A 95% ethanol solution (cp = 3.810 kJ/kg.K, flowing at 6.93 kg/s is
cooled from 340 K to 312 K by 6.30 kg/s of water that is available at 283 K. The overall
heat transfer coefficient based on outside tube area is 568 W/m2.K. Three different
exchanger configuration are of interest:
h 0.943
LT
1/ 4
3
961.2(9.81)(0.679) (960) 2.25 10 8 (4206) (9)
3 6
0.943
6
1(297 10 )(9)
6600W / m 2 K
6600(9)( )(0.15)(1)
m& 0.0125kg / s
2.25 106
(b) Horizontal Tube (Eq. 21-25)
1/ 4
3 3
L g ( L PV )k h fg 8 C L (Tsat Tw )
0.725
havg
D(Tsat TW )
7700W / m 2 K
(2) Problem 21.13 (WWWR)
Neglecting T across tube
k
hi 0.023Re0.8
D Pr
0.4
Eq.20 26
Di
14
3 3
L g k h fg 8 c pL T
ho 0.725
DT
20 Tout
For hi, Tin 20c TW ? Tb
2
100 TW
For h0, properties evaluated at T f
2
Toverall Ti T0
q
R Ri R0
Assuming Tout 36C 309 K
TW 58C 331K
Giving Tb,avg 28C 301K
D 4m 4 4000
Rei
D 0.0165 863 106 3600
99000
Pr 5.95 k=0.611
hi
0.611
0.023990000.8 5.950.4
0.0165
17200W / m 2 K
1
3 3 4
h0 0.725
6
352 10 0.019 42
8960W 2
m K
1
Ri 5.61 10 4
17200 0.01652
1
R0 9.35 10 4
8690 0.0192
R R i R0 14.96 10 4
Ttotal 72K Ti 27K T0 45K
27 45
q 48000W
Ri R0
4000
q mC p (Tout Tin ) 4180 (Tout Tin )
3600
(Tout Tin ) 10.4 K
Tout 303.4 K TbAVG 298K
Tw 328K =373- T0
1
L gk 3 L V h fg 0.68c pL Tsat Tw 4
0.943
hvertical
L Tsat Tw
1
971.8 9.80665 0.6733 971.8 0.6288 2278 103 0.68(4194)(365 340) 4
0.943
6
1.5 352 10 (365 340)
4464W / m 2 K
hAT 4464* *0.02*1.5* 25
m 4.628103 kg / s
h fg 2278*1000
hvertical 4464
horizontal 1
1
10105W / m 2 K
D 4
1.3(0.02 /1.5) 4
1.3
L
hAT
m 0.0105kg / s
h fg
(5) Problem 21.19 (WWWR)
1/ 4
3 3
L g ( L V )h h fg 8 CPL (Tsat Tw )
0.725
havg
nD (Tsat Tw )
1/ 4
3 3
971*9.81*(971 0.586)0.673 2250000 8 25 4.184 1/ 4
0.725 1
0.02 0.000352 25 n
1/ 4
1
10000 ( A)
n
For bank
1/ 4
1
havg 10000 5945W / m2 k
8
For n tubes
q havg ,n n Atube T
havg ,n 1 (n 1) Atube T hn * Atube * T
i.e.hn nT hn 1 (n 1) AT hn AT
nth tube
hn nhn (n 1)hn1
Top tube => h1 10000W / m2 K
3rd tube :
h2 8408.26W / m2 gK
h3 7598W / m2 K
h3 3 7598 2 8408.26 5976.6W / m2 K
8th tube:
h8 5946W / m 2 K
h7 6147.3W / m 2 K
h8 8 5946 7 6147.3 4532.7W / m 2 K
(6) Problem 22.3 (WWWR)
m = 2 kg/s Cp = 1880 J/kg-K
q = m Cp T = 2 (1880) (400-350) = 188000 W
q 188000
Tw 22.5 K
mCp 24187
400K 350K
U=230
302.5K 280K
97.5 70
Tlm
ln 97.5
70
83K
q 1888000
A 9.85 m2
UTlm 230(83)
(7) Problem 22.15 (WWWR)
340K 312K
ETH
H20
311.1K 283K
m ETH = 6.93 kg/s
q = m Cp T/ ETH = 6.93 (3810) (28)
= m Cp T/w = 6.30 (4182) Tw
Tw = 28.1 K
q 6.93(3810)(28)
A 44.9 m2
UTLM 568.29
(57 0.9)
TLM 13.52K
ln(57 )
0.9
q
A 96.3 m2
UTLM
(c) crossflow
Cmixed = m Cpw = 26350 (water) shell
Cunmixed = m Cp = 26403 (ethanol) tube
F 0.85 q 44.9
A 52.8 m2
U ( FTLM ) 0.85