Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balcony Slab to BS 8110

Design of Reinforced Concrete Balcony with Dwarf Wall

Plan of Balcony Slab

Section through Balcony Slab

Moment and Shear

Slab Geometry

Span of slab = 1200 + (225/2) = 1312.5 mm = 1.3125 m

Design width = 1000 mm = 1 m

Slab Details

Thickness of slab = 150 mm

Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 20 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2

Material safety factor; γm = 1.05

Cover to bottom reinforcement; c = 20 mm

Cover to top reinforcement; c’ = 20 mm

Loading details

Slab loading

Dead load

Self weight of slab = 0.15 × 24 = 3.6 kN/m2

Finishes @ 0.6 kN/m2 = = 0.6 kN/m2

Characteristic dead load; gk = 4.2 kN/m2

Dwarf wall loading

Wall is 150 mm hollow block wall (BS 648:1964, Schedule of weights of building materials)

Load per m run (Point load) = 1.52 × 1 = 1.52 kN/m

Characteristic dead load; gk = 1.52 kN/m

Imposed load (Office general use = 2.5 kN/m2 ,BS 6399-1:1996, Table 1)

Characteristic imposed load; qk = 2.5 kN/m2

Design loading factors

Dead load factor; γG = 1.4

Imposed load factor; γQ = 1.6

Moment redistribution ratio; βb = 1.0

Design loads

Dead loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.4 × 4.2× 1 = 5.88 kN/m

Dwarf wall load = 1.4 × 1.52 = 2.13 kN

Imposed loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.6 × 2.5× 1 = 4.00 kN/m

Moment and Shear

Service Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 4.2 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 2.5 × 1.31252) = 5.77kNm

Mpoint = 1.52 × 1.3125 = 2.00 kNm

Design Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 5.88 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 4.00 × 1.31252) = 8.51kNm

Mpoint = 2.13 × 1.3125 = 2.80 kNm

Design Shear force

V = (5.88 × 1.3125) + (4.00 × 1.3125) + 2.13 = 15.10 kN

Slab Design (Per metre run of balcony)

Using 12 mm main bars and 10 mm distribution bars

Effective depth of reinforcement; d = 150 – 20 + (12/2) = 124 mm

Support moment; m’ = 8.51 + 2.80 = 11.31 kNm/m

Design reinforcement

(3.4.4.4)

Lever arm; K’ = 0.402 × (βb – 0.4) – 0.18 × (βb – 0.4)2 = 0.176

K = m / (d2 × fcu) = 0.036778 < 0.176

Compression reinforcement is not required

(3.4.4.4)

z = min((0.5 + √(0.25 – (K / 0.9))), 0.95) × d = 117.8 mm

Area of reinforcement designed; Asreqd = m / (z × fy / γm) = 219.70 mm2/m

Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asmin = 0.0013 × h = 195 mm2/m

Area of reinforcement required; Asreq = max(Asreqd, Asmin) = 219.70 mm2/m

Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of main reinforcement provided; Asprov = 566 mm2/m

Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of distribution reinforcement provided; Asprov = 393 mm2/m

Shear Check

Maximum allowable shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 × √(fcu), 5) = 3.58 N/mm2

shear stress; v = V / (b × d) = 15.10 ×103 / (1000 × 124) = 0.122 N/mm2

Shear capacity of Slab; vc =
(min(fcu,40)/25)1/3×0.79×min(100×Asprov/(b×d),3)1/3×max(400/d,1)1/4/1.25

Shear capacity of Slab; vc = 0.756 N/mm2 > 0.122 N/mm2

Shear Capacity Okay

Check deflection

Basic span/d ratio = 7

Kudl = 0.25

Kpoint = 0.33

Adjusted basic ratio = Basic ratio× (Mudl + Mpoint × Kudl/ Kpoint)/( Mudl + Mpoint )

Adjusted basic ratio = 7× (5.77 + 2.00 × 0.25/ 0.33)/( 5.77 + 2.00 ) = 6.56

Design service stress; fs = 2 × fy × Asreq / (3 × Asprov × βb) = 119.04 N/mm2

Modification factor; k1 = min(0.55+(477N/mm2-fs)/(120×(0.9N/mm2+(m/d2))),2) = min (2.38, 2.00)

Modification factor; k1 = 2.00

Allowable span to depth ratio; = 6.56 × k1 = 13.12

Actual span to depth ratio; L / d = 1312.5/124 = 10.58

L/d ratio Okay

Check Cracking

Clear spacing of bars = 200 – 12 = 188 mm

3d = 3 × 124 = 372 mm

47000/fs = 47000/119.04 = 394 mm

Bar spacing Okay

Anchorage length

Ultimate anchorage bond stress, fbu = β√fcu = 0.5√20

fbu = β√fcu = 2.24 N/mm2

L = (0.95fy) × f/ (4 fbu)f = (0.95×460×12)/ (4× 2.24) = 585.26 mm

L = 0.58526 m

However, ISTRUCTE detailers’ manual recommends

L = (1.5 × span) + 0.1125 = (1.5 × 1.3125) + 0.1125

L = 2.08125 m

Also L = 0.3 × span preceding cantilever span

In this case we take 4.5 m

L = 0.3 × 4.5 = 1.35 m

Therefore we adopt L = 2.08125m

i.e. 2.1 m from the centerline of the support

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