COMPREHENSIVE VIVA QUSTIONS

LCS – MODULE 5 , 6

Module 5

1. Scientist Bode have contribution in :

a) Asymptotic plots
b) Polar plots
c) Root locus technique
d) Constant M and n circle

2. Scientist Evans have contribution in :

a) Asymptotic plots
b) Polar plots
c) Root locus technique
d) Constant M and n circle

3. Scientist Nyquist have contribution in:

a) Asymptotic plots
b) Polar plots
c) Root locus technique
d) Constant M and n circle

4. For a stable closed loop system, the gain at phase crossover frequency should always be:
a) < 20 dB
b) < 6 dB
c) > 6 dB
d) > 0 dB
 5. Which one of the following methods can determine the closed loop system resonance
frequency operation?
a) Root locus method
b) Nyquist method
c) Bode plot
d) M and N circle

6. If the gain of the open loop system is doubled, the gain of the system is :
a) Not affected
b) Doubled
c) Halved
d) One fourth of the original value

7. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study of:
a) Closed loop frequency response
b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses
d) None of the mentioned

8. Constant M- loci:
a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency
c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function

9. Constant N-loci:
a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency

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 c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function

10. Nichol’s chart:

a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency
c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function

11. Assertion (A): Relative stability of the system reduces due to the presence of
transportation lag.
Reason (R): Transportation lag can be conveniently handled by Bode plot.
a) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

12. Assertion (A): The phase angle plot in Bode diagram is not affected by the variation in
the gain of the system.
Reason(R): The variation in the gain of the system has no effect on the phase margin of the
system.
a) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

13. A system has poles at 0.01 Hz, 1 Hz and 80Hz, zeroes at 5Hz, 100Hz and 200Hz. The
approximate phase of the system response at 20 Hz is :
a) -90°
b) 0°

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 c) 90°
d) -180°

14. The constant M-circle represented by the equation x^2+2.25x+y^2=-1.25 has the value of
M equal to:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

15. What is the value of M for the constant M circle represented by the equation
8x2+18x+8y2+9=0?
a) 0.5
b) 2
c) 3
d) 8

16. The constant N loci represented by the equation x^2+x+y^2=0 is for the value of phase
angle equal to:
a) -45°
b) 0°
c) 45°
d) 90°

17. All the constant N-circles in G planes cross the real axis at the fixed points. Which are
these points?
a) -1 and origin
b) Origin and +1
c) -0.5 and 0.5
d) -1 and +1

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 18. Consider the following statements:
Nichol’s chart gives information about.
i. Closed loop frequency response.
ii. The value of the peak magnitude of the closed loop frequency response Mp.
iii. The frequency at which Mp occurs.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 1 and 3
d) 1,2 and 3

19. Which one of the following statements is correct? Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed
study analysis of:
a) Closed loop frequency response
b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses
d) None of the above

20. In a bode magnitude plot, which one of the following slopes would be exhibited at high
frequencies by a 4th order all-pole system?
a) -80dB/decade
b) -40 dB/decade
c) 40 dB/decade
d) 80 dB/decade

21. Frequency range of bode magnitude and phases are decided by :

a) The lowest and higher important frequencies of dominant factors of the OLTF
b) The lowest and highest important frequencies of all the factors of the open loop transfer
function

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 c) Resonant frequencies of the second factors
d) None of the above

22. OLTF contains one zero in right half of s-plane then

a) Open loop system is unstable
b) Close loop system is unstable
c) Close loop system is unstable for higher gain
d) Close loop system is stable

23. The critical value of gain for a system is 40 and gain margin is 6dB. The system is
operating at a gain of:
a) 20
b) 40
c) 80
d) 120

24. Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study and analysis of:
a) Closed loop frequency response
b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses
d) open loop and Close loop frequency responses

25. The roots of the characteristic equation of the second order system in which real and
imaginary part represents the :
a) Damped frequency and damping
b) Damping and damped frequency
c) Natural frequency and damping ratio
d) Damping ratio and natural frequency

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 Module 6

26. The constant M circle for M=1 is the

a) straight line x=-1/2
b) critical point (-1j0)
c) circle with r= 0.33
d) circle with r=0.67

27. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (-1,0). Gain margin is
a) Zero
b) -1dB
c) 1dB
d) Infinity

28. Consider the following statements:

1. The effect of feedback is to reduce the system error
2. Feedback increases the gain of the system in one frequency range but decreases in another
3. Feedback can cause a system that is originally stable to become unstable
Which of these statements are correct.
a) 1,2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 1 and 3

29. The open loop transfer function of a system is G(s) H(s)= K / (1+s)(1+2s)(1+3s)
The phase cross over frequency ωc is
a) V2
b) 1

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 c) Zero
d) V3

30. If the gain of the open-loop system is doubled, the gain margin
a) Is not affected
b) Gets doubled
c) Becomes half
d) Becomes one-fourth

31. The unit circle of the Nyquist plot transforms into 0dB line of the amplitude plot of the Bode
diagram at
a) 0 frequency
b) Low frequency
c) High frequency
d) Any frequency
View Answer

32. Consider the following statements:

The gain margin and phase margin of an unstable system may respectively be
1. Positive, positive
2. Positive, negative
3. Negative, positive
4. Negative, negative
Of these statements

a) 1 and 4 are correct

b) 1 and 2 are correct
c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
d) 2,3 and 4 are correct

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 View Answer

34. If a system has an open loop transfer function

1-s / 1+s, then the gain of the system at frequency of 1 rad/s will be
a) 1
b) 1/2
c) Zero
d) -1
View Answer

35. The polar plot of the open loop transfer function of a feedback control system intersects the
real axis at -2. The gain margin of the system is
a) -5dB
b) 0dB
c) -6dB
d) 40dB
View Answer

36. The corner frequencies are

a) 0 and 1
b) 0 and 2
c) 0 and 1
d) 1 and 2
View Answer

37. For the transfer function

G(s) H(s) = 1 / s(s+1) (s+0.5), the phase cross-over frequency is
a) 0.5 rad/sec
b) 0.707 rad/sec

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 c) 1.732 rad/sec
d) 2 rad/sec
View Answer

38. The gain margin (in dB) of a system having the loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = 2 / s(s+1) is
a) 0
b) 3
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer

39. The gain margin for the system with open loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = G(s) =2(1+s) / s2 is
a) 8
b) 0
c) 1
d) -8
View Answer

40. Statement 1: In constant M circles, as M increases from 1 to 8 radius of circle increases from
0 to 8 and Centre shifts from (-1,0) to (-8,0)
Statement 2: The circle intersects real axis at point (-1/2, 0)
a) Statement 1 is TRUE, 2 is FALSE
b) Statement 1 is FALSE, 2 is TRUE
c) Statement 1 & 2 TRUE
d) Statement 1 & 2 FALSE

41. Which principle specifies the relationship between enclosure of poles & zeros by s-plane
contour and the encirclement of origin by q(s) plane contour?

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 a) Argument
b) Agreement
c) Assessment
d) Assortment

42. If a Nyquist plot of G (jω) H (jω) for a closed loop system passes through (-2, j0) point in
GH plane, what would be the value of gain margin of the system in dB?
a) 0 dB
b) 2.0201 dB
c) 4 dB
d) 6.0205 dB

43. For Nyquist contour, the size of radius is _______

a) 25
b) 0
c) 1
d) ∞

44. Consider a feedback system with gain margin of about 30. At what point does Nyquist plot
crosses negative real axis?
a) -3
b) -0.3
c) -30
d) -0.03

45. According to Nyquist stability criterion, where should be the position of all zeros of q(s)
corresponding to s-plane?
a) On left half
b) At the center
c) On right half

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 d) Random

46. If the system is represented by G(s) H(s) = k (s+7) / s (s +3) (s + 2), what would be its
magnitude at ω = ∞?
a) 0
b) ∞
c) 7/10
d) 21

47. Consider the system represented by the equation given below. What would be the total phase
value at ω = 0?
200/[s3 (s + 3) (s + 6) (s + 10)].
a) -90°
b) -180°
c) -270°
d) -360°

48. Due to an addition of pole at origin, the polar plot gets shifted by ___ at ω = 0 ?
a) -45°
b) -60°
c) -90°
d) -180°

49. In polar plots, if a pole is added at the origin, what would be the value of the magnitude at Ω
= 0?
a) Zero
b) Infinity
c) Unity
d) Unpredictable

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 50. In polar plots, what does each and every point represent w.r.t magnitude and angle?
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Phasor
d) Differentiator

Answers
Module 1

1.Answer: a
Explanation: Asymptotic plots are the bode plots that are drawn to find the relative stability of
the system by finding the phase and gain margin and this was invented by Scientist Bode.

2.Answer: c
Explanation: Root locus technique is used to find the transient and steady state response
characteristics by finding the locus of the gain of the system and this was made Scientist Evans .

3.Answer: b
Explanation: Nyquist plot is used to find the stability of the system by open loop poles and
zeroes and the encirclements of the poles and zeroes and satisfying the equation N=P-Z and this
is named under the name of scientist Nyquist.

4. Answer: d
Explanation: Phase crossover frequency is the frequency at which the gain of the system must be
1 and for a stable system the gain is decibels must be 0 db.

5. Answer: d
Explanation: Closed loop system resonance frequency is the frequency at which maximum peak
occurs and this frequency of operation can best be determined with the help of M and N circle.

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 6. Answer: a
Explanation: Gain of the open loop system is doubled then the gain of the system is not affected
as the gain of the system is not dependent on the overall gain of the system.

7. Answer: a
Explanation: Nichol’s chart has constant M and N circles that are used to find the stability of the
system and the detailed study of their can be determined with the help of the closed loop
frequency response.

8. Answer: d
Explanation: By definition, Constant M loci are Circles of constant phase shift for the closed
loop transfer function.

9.Answer: c
Explanation: Constant N loci are the circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
and the intersection point of the M and N is always the point (-1,0).

10. Answer: b
Explanation: Nichol’s chart are plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency and this is used
to determine the stability of the system with the variation in the frequency.

11.Answer: b
Explanation: Transportation lag can be conveniently handled on Bode plot as well without the
need to make any approximation.

12. Answer: c
Explanation: The variation in the gain of the system has effect on the phase margin but phase
plot is not affected.

13Answer: a

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 Explanation: Pole at 0.01 Hz gives -180° phase. Zero at 5Hz gives 90° phase therefore at 20Hz -
90° phase shift is provided.

14.Answer: c
Explanation: Comparing with the M circle equation we have the value of M =3.

15.Answer: c
Explanation: Comparing with the M circle equation we have the value of M =3.

16. Answer: d
Explanation: Centre = (-0.5, 0)
Centre of N circle is (-1/2, 1/2N)
N =tanα
α =90°.

17. Answer: a
Explanation: Centre of N circle is (-1/2, 1/2N)
N =tanα
Constant –N circles always pass through (-1, 0) and (0, 0).

18. Answer: d
Explanation: Nichol’s chart gives information about closed loop frequency response, value of the
peak magnitude of the closed loop frequency response Mp and the frequency at which Mp
occurs.

19. Answer: a
Explanation: Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study analysis of closed loop frequency
response.

20. Answer: a

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 Explanation: A 4th order all pole system means that the system must be having no zero or s-term
in numerator and s4 terms in denominator. One pole exhibits -20dB/decade slope, so 4 pole
exhibits a slope of -80 dB /decade.
21.
Answer: d
Explanation: T. F. = Kp (1+Tds)
There is only one zero which will give slope of +20dB/decade.

22. Answer: c
Explanation: OLTF contains one zero in right half of s-plane then Close loop system is unstable
for higher gain.

23. Answer: a
Explanation: Gm (dB) = 20logGM
GM =2
As we know, GM =K (marginal)/K (desired)
K desired =40/2 =20.

24. Answer: a
Explanation: Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study and analysis of closed loop frequency
response.

25. Answer: b
Explanation: Real part represents the damping and imaginary part damped frequency.

26.Answer: a
Explanation: For M =1 the constant M circle is a straight line at x=-1/2.

27. Answer: a
Explanation: Gain margin of a polar plot passing through the critical point is zero.

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 28. Answer: c
Explanation: Feedback can cause the increase in gain and also can cause stable system to become
unstable.

29Answer: b
Explanation: Phase crossover frequency is calculated as by calculating the magnitude of the
transfer function and equating it to 1 and the frequency calculated at this magnitude is phase
cross over frequency.

30.Answer: a
Explanation: If the gain of the open-loop system is doubled, the gain margin gets doubled.

31.Answer: d
Explanation: The unit circle of the Nyquist plot transforms into 0dB line of the amplitude plot of
the Bode diagram at any frequency.

32.Answer: d
Explanation: For unstable system the signs of gain margin and phase margin are always different
or they can both be negative.

34. Answer: d
Explanation: The system is all pass system and the gain of the system at frequency of 1 rad/sec.

35. Answer: c
Explanation: Gain margin of the system is inverse of the intersect on the real axis and calculated
in decibels.
G(s) = 1+s / s(1+0.5s).

36. Answer: d
Explanation: Corner frequency can be calculated by time constant form of the transfer function
and here the corner frequencies are 1 and 2.

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 37. Answer: b
Explanation: Phase cross over frequency is calculated at the point where magnitude of the polar
plot is 1.

38.Answer: d
Explanation: Gain margin of a system is calculated at the phase cross over frequency and
expressed in decibels.

39. Answer: 0
Explanation: Gain margin of a system is calculated at the phase cross over frequency and
expressed in decibels.

40.Answer: d
Explanation: All the circles pass through the points (0,0) and (-1,0

41. Answer: a
Explanation: Argument principle specifies the relationship between enclosure of poles & zeros
by s-plane contour and the encirclement of origin by q(s) plane contour.

42.Answer: d
Explanation: Gain Margin is calculated by taking inverse of the gain where the Nyquist plot cuts
the real axis.

43. Answer: d
Explanation: For Nyquist contour, the size of radius is ∞.

44.Answer: b
Explanation: Gain Margin is always inverse of the point which cuts the Nyquist on the real axis.

45. Answer: a

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 Explanation: According to Nyquist stability criterion zeroes must lie on the left half on the s
plane.

46.Answer: a
Explanation: On calculating the magnitude of the system and putting the value of frequency one
gets the magnitude as 0.

47.Answer: c
Explanation: The phase can be calculated by the basic formula for calculating phase angle.

48.Answer: c
Explanation: Addition of pole causes instability to the system.

49. Answer: b
Explanation: Addition of pole causes instability to the system.

50.Answer: c
Explanation: Each and every point on the polar plot is the phasor where value of frequency
varies.

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