Mr.

Snider AP Biology Mitosis and Genetics Test 1 SOCES

A biologist counted 2,500 cells from an embryo on a microscope 7) Which of the following is true about the production of polar
slide and recorded the following data. bodies in humans?
(A) It increases genetic variability.
Stage Number of cells (B) It provides the maximum amount of cytoplasm and
Prophase 125 resources to the ovum.
Metaphase 50 (C) It occurs in male and female vertebrates during meiosis 1.
Anaphase 50 (D) It is completed prior to fertilization.
Telophase 25 (E) It results in nondisjunction.
Interphase 2,250
8) Coat color in mice is determined by genes at two loci.
1) If these cells had been dividing randomly, it could be reasonably When black mice from a particular population mate, they produce
concluded that offspring in the following ratios: 9 black: 3 brown: 4 white. These
(A) The duration of anaphase is approximately one-half that of results suggest that white coat color is expressed as a result of
Telophase (A) Dominance
(B) Prophase is approximately three times as long as Telophase (B) Incomplete dominance
(C) Metaphase is the shortest stage of the cell cycle (C) Co dominance
(D) Interphase id\s the longest stage of the cell cycle (D) A sex-linked trait
(E) The chromosomes can first be seen in prophase (E) Epistasis

2) In most vertebrates, the sperm cell normally contributes which of 9) Which of the following can be diagnosed by examining a
the following to the new organism? karyotype of an individual’s white blood cells?
(A) Many mitochondria (A) Sickle cell anemia
(B) Significant amount of RNA (B) Alzheimer disease
(C) A haploid complement of chromosomes (C) Down syndrome
(D) Most of the cytoplasm of the zygote (D) Cystic fibrosis
(E) Two sex chromosomes (E) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

3) Most cells that have become transformed into cancer cells have 10) Which of the following terms refers to both the movement
which of the following characteristics when compared to normal, of a ribosome along a piece of mRNA and the movement of a piece
healthy cells? of one chromosome to another chromosome?
(A) Shorter cell cycle (A) Transduction
(B) More carefully regulated rates of cell division (B) Transgenesis
(C) Lower rates of mitosis (C) Transformation
(D) Higher rates of protein translation (D) Translocation
(E) Identical DNA (E) Transplantation

4) Which of the following best describes the cells that result from the Questions 10-13 refer to the following enzymes.
process of meiosis in mammals? (A) DNA ligase
(A) They are diploid. (B) DNA polymerase
(B) They can be used to repair injuries. (C) RNA Polymerase
(C) They are genetically different from the parent cell. (D) Restriction enzyme
(D) They are genetically identical to all the other cells in the (E) Reverse transcriptase
body.
(E) They are identical to each other. 11) Enzyme used in the synthesis of mRNA
12) Enzyme used during replication to attach Okazaki
fragments to each other
13) Enzymes found in retroviruses that provide DNA from an
RNA template
14) Enzyme used to position nucleotides during DNA
replication
5) A spermatocyte produces the following four sperm cells. These
cells are the result of nondisjunction during which of the following Questions 15-18 refer to the probabilities below.
phases? (A) 0
(A) Interphase (G1 or G2) (B) 1/16
(B) Interphase (S) (C) 1/4
(C) Mitosis (D) 1/2
(D) Meiosis 1 (E) 3/4
(E) Meiosis 2
15) Probability that the genotype Aa will be produced by the
6) Certain metabolic pathways are affected by the buildup of a parents Aa X Aa
product, which interacts with an enzyme catalyzing one of the initial 16) Probability that the genotype bbdd will be produced by the
steps of the pathway; this can be an example of parents BbDd X BbDd
(A) Transcriptional regulation 17) Probability that the genotype Rr will be produced by the
(B) Thermodynamic regulation parents Rd X rr
(C) Translational regulation 18) Probability that the genotype TTEe will be produced by the
(D) Feedback inhibition parents TTEe X TtEE
(E) Posttranslational modification
Questions 19-21
A culture of white-eyed fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) was 25) Segregation of alleles does NOT occur in which of the
maintained for many generations. Females from the stock white-eyed following groups of organisms?
culture were crossed with red-eyed (wild-type) males. The F 1 (A) Flowering plants
females were crossed with the white eyed males from the original (B) Insects
culture. The resulting phenotypes of the progeny are summarized (C) Flatworms
below. (D) Bacteria
Parental genotype Cross (E) Ferns
White-eyed females x red-eyed males
F1 Generation (at least 500 flies) 26) Which of the following statements concerning a gene is
100% of females are red-eyed correct?
100% of males are white-eyed (A) A gene can code for a specific protein
F1 Generation Cross (B) A gene can exist in alternate forms called
F1 red-eyed females x white-eyed males introns
F2 Generation (at least 500 flies) (C) A gene undergoes crossing over during DNA
50% of females are red-eyed and 50% are white-eyed replication
50% of males are red-eyed and 50% are white-eyed (D) A gene that is very similar in sequence in a
human and in a bacterium is probably a recent mutation
19) The best explanation for the red-eyed F1 females is (E) A gene that is expressed in every offspring
(A) Mutation of every generation is recessive
(B) Cultural contamination
(C) Dominance 27) In garden peas, a single gene controls stem length. The
(D) Multiple loci recessive allele (t) produces short stems when homozygous. The
(E) Sex-influenced traits dominant allele (T) produces long stems. A short stemmed plant is
crossed with a heterozygous long stemmed plant. Which of the
20) There are white-eyed females in the F2 generation because following represents the expected phenotypes of the offspring and the
(A) White is a dominant allele ratio in which they will occur?
(B) The white allele is autosomal (A) 3 long stemmed plants : 1 short stemmed
(C) A mutation has occurred plant
(D) These F2 females have two white alleles (B) 1 long stemmed plants : 1 short stemmed
(E) The white allele is located on the Y chromosome plant
(C) 1 long stemmed plants : 3 short stemmed
21) Which of the following best describes the mode of plant
inheritance of eye color in the white culture? (D) Long stemmed plants only
(A) Autosomal (E) Short stemmed plants only
(B) Dominant
(C) Located on the y chromosome 28) A human cell in prophase of mitosis can be distinguished
(D) Sex-linked form a human cell in prophase I of meiosis by the presence of
(E) Lethal (A) Kinetichores in the mitotic cell
(B) A spindle in the mitotic cell
22) IF 2n=48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number (C) Twice as many chromosomes in the meiotic cell
in each cell after mitosis would be (D) Half as many chromosomes in the meiotic cell
(A) 96 (E) Paired homologous chromosomes in the meiotic cell
(B) 48
(C) 24 29) All of the following statements bout a haploid cell in a
(D) 12 plant are correct EXCEPT:
(E) 6 (A) It may have either an odd or even number of
chromosomes
23) Which of the following is a correct statement about (B) It may function as a gamete
mutations? (C) It may have been formed as the result of a
(A) They are a source of variation for evolution mitotic division
(B) They drive evolution by creating mutation pressures (D) It may undergo meiosis to produce gametes
(C) They are irreversible (E) It may undergo mitosis
(D) They occur in germ cells but not in somatic cells
(E) They are most often beneficial to the organisms in which Questions 30-33 refer to the following information.
they occur
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes
24) All of the following are true statements about meiosis in severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition
animals EXCEPT: are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is
(A) It serves as a factor in bringing about lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed.
variation among offspring Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not
(B) It follows DNA replication express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and
(C) It occurs only in reproductive structures Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the
(D) It produces cells with the haploid number of chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism.
chromosomes
(E) It produces four genetically identical 30) The genotypes of Mathew and Jane are best represented as
gametes Matthew Jane
(A) AA Aa
(B) Aa aa
(C) aa aa encapsulated bacteria. Three different procedures and their results are
(D) aa Aa outlined below.
(E) Aa Aa
Procedure I:
31) The probability that Matthew and Jane’s first child will be Extract made from dead encapsulated cells added to culture medium.
an achondroplastic dwarf is Non encapsulated bacteria added to culture medium.
(A) 0%
(B) 25% Results: both non encapsulated bacteria grow.
(C) 50% Procedure II:
(D) 75%
(E) 100% Extract made from dead capsulated cells treated with protein-
degrading enzymes before adding extract to culture medium.
32) If three children are born to Matthew and Jane, what are the Non encapsulated bacteria added to medium.
chances that the first two will not express the trait but that the third
child will be an achondroplastic dwarf? Results: both non encapsulated bacteria grow.
(A) 5/8 Procedure III:
(B) 4/8
(C) 3/8 Extract made form dead encapsulated cells treated with DNAse (an
(D) 1/8 enzyme that selectively destroys DNA) before added extract to
(E) 1/16 culture medium.
Non encapsulated bacteria added to culture medium
Questions 30-33 refer to the following information
Results: Only non encapsulated bacteria grow.
A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long
wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. 36) A reasonable conclusion to draw form the results of the
All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. experiment is that
These F1 flies were test crossed with purple eyed, vestigial winged (A) DNA is the genetic material
flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below. (B) DNA replication is semi conservative
(C) DNA is a double helix
F2 Generation (D) DNA is translated into protein
125 red eyes, long wings (E) Mutation is a change in the genetic material
124 purple eyes, vestigial wings
18 purple eyes, long wings 37) What was the purpose of treating the extract with protein-
16 red eyes, vestigial wings degrading enzymes in Procedure I?
(A) To demonstrate that the transforming factor is an enzyme
33) If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics (B) To demonstrate that the transforming factor is not a protein
appeared in both males and females it would be safe to assume that (C) To destroy nucleic acids in the extract
these traits for eye color and wing length (D) To destroy any capsules in the extract
(A) Are sex-linked (E) To prevent the extract from being contaminated by non
(B) Vary in dominance according to sex encapsulated bacteria.
(C) Are sex influenced characteristics
(D) Are autosomal characteristics 38) What was the purpose of treating the extract with DNAse in
(E) Follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment Procedure III?
(A) To remove the encapsulated bacteria from the extract
34) In the F2 generation, the results are best explained by the (B) To sever as a positive control by demonstrating that a
fact that protein in the extract is the transforming factor.
(A) The test cross with the F1 flies resulted in sterile offspring (C) To serve as a negative control by demonstrating that
(B) These genes for eye color and wing shape do not pass through transformation does not occur without DNA
the F1 generation (D) To destroy enzymes in the extract
(C) The genes for eye color and wing shape are found on the same (E) To destroy any capsules that might be in the extract.
chromosome
(D) Crossing over decreases variability 39) Assume that genes A and B are not linked. If the probability
(E) The genes are sex-linked of allele A in B gamete is ½ and the Probability of allele B in a
gamete is 1/2, then the probability that both A and B are in the same
35) If a single locus controls wing shape, then the alleles for gamete is
this gene act as (A) 1/2 x 1/2
(A) Dominant –recessive alleles (B) 1/2 + 1/2
(B) Incomplete-dominant alleles (C) 1/2 \ 1/2
(C) Codiminant alleles (D) √1/2
(D) Multiple alleles (E) [ 1/2 – 1/2 ]
(E) Variable alleles
40) A couple has 5 children, all sons. If the woman gives birth
Questions 36-38 are based on the following: to a sixth child, what is the probability that the sixth child will be a
In the 1940’s, Avery, Macleod, and McCarty transformed son?
non encapsulated bacteria into encapsulated forms by growing the (A) 5/6
non encapsulated cells in a culture containing an extract made from (B) 1/2
dead encapsulated cells. The transformed cells produced colonies of (C) 1/5
(D) 1/6
 (E) 1/64 (C) Neither parent carries the allele for color blindness
(D) The father carries the allele for color blindness
41) Which of the following best describes parents in a (E) The mother carries the allele for color blindness.
testcross?
(A) One individual has the dominant phenotype and the other 48) Gibberellic acid stimulates the cells of germinating grass
has the recessive phenotype. seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for Hydrolytic enzymes.
(B) Both individuals are heterozygous. In this case the role of gibberellic acid can best be described as that of
(C) Both individuals have the dominant phenotype. (A) A regular of gene activity
(D) Both individuals have the recessive phenotype. (B) A stimulator of hydrolase secretion
(E) Both individuals have an unknown phenotype. (C) A stimulator of DNA replication
(D) An allosteric activator of hydrolase
42) In sheep, eye color is controlled by a single gene with two (E) An activator of translation
alleles. When a homozygous brown-eyed sheep is crossed
with homozygous green-eyed sheep, blue-eyed offspring 49) Which of the following is most likely explanation for a
are produced. If the blue-eyed sheep are mated with each high rate of crossing-over between two genes?
other, what percent of their offspring will most likely have (A) The two genes are far apart on the same chromosome
brown eyes? (B) The two genes are both located near the centromere
(A) 0% (C) The two genes are sex-linked
(B) 25% (D) The two genes code for the same protein
(C) 50% (E) The two genes are on different chromosomes.
(D) 75%
(E) 100%

43) Which of the following occurs during mitosis but Not

during Meiosis 1?
(A) The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the
spindle apparatus.
(B) The Chromatids of each chromosomes are separated
(C) The Nuclear envelope breaks down. 50) In the pedigree above, squares represent males and circles
(D) Both synapsis and crossing-over take place. represent females. Individuals who express a particular trait are
(E) The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the represented by shaded figures. Which of the following patterns of
haploid number. inheritance best explains the transmission of the trait.
(A) Sex-linked dominate
44) In peas the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait (B) Sex-linked recessive
for short plants in recessive (t). The trait for yellow seed (C) Autosomal recessive
color is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seed color is (D) Autosomal dominant
recessive (y). A cross between two plants results in 296 tall (E) Incompletely dominant
yellow plants and 104 tall green plants. Which of the
following are most likely to be the genotypes of the Questions 51-54 refer to the choices below
parents? (A) Transcription
(A) TTYY x TTYY (B) Translation
(B) Ttyy x TTYy (C) Transformation
(C) TtYy x TtYy (D) Replication
(D) TtYy x TTYy (E) Reverse transcription
(E) TtYY x Ttyy 51) Process in which a protein is assemble at a ribosome
52) Process in which naked DNA is taken up by a bacterial or
45) The rate of division of most vertebrate cells us LEAST yeast cell
likely to be influenced by which of the following? 53) Process that results in the production of cDNA from an
(A) Contact with other cells RNA molecule.
(B) The availability of nutrients 54) Process in which RNA is produced by using a DNA
(C) Compounds that inhibit protein synthesis template.
(D) The cells photoperiod
(E) The temperature of the organism Questions 55-56 refer to the birth of a child with blood type A to a
mother with blood type B
46) Nuclear division in which the chromosome number is 55) The father must have which of the following blood types?
reduced from 2n to n is part of the lifecycle of all of the (A) AB only
following organisms EXCEPT: (B) Either AB or B
(A) Molds (C) Either AB or O
(B) Ferns (D) Either AB or A
(C) Insects (E) AB or A or O
(D) Bacteria
(E) Protozoans 56) If the father has blood type AB, which of the following
statements is correct about the mother?
47) In humans, red-green color blindness is a sex-linked (A) She contributes an IB allele, which is recessive
recessive trait. If a man and a women produce a color-blind to the fathers IA allele
son, which of the following must be true? (B) She contributes an i allele; which is recessive
(A) The Father is color-blind to the fathers IA allele.
(B) Both parents carry the allele for color blindness (C) She contributes an IB allele, which is
codominant to the fathers IA allele.
(D) She contributes an i allele, which is (E) She is homozygous for the IB allele.
codominant to the fathers IB allele.