1

Case Study of Low Carbon Society in

Gwachon, Korea

2010.10.11

Dongkun LEE*, Chan PARK*, MyungKyoon Lee**

Seoul National University*, Keimyung University**
Table of Contents 2

1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Model application and result
4. Conclusion and remarks
 3

Ⅰ. Introduction
 4
Introduction

Background

Climate change  Encourage CO2 reduction plan

Low carbon development is under active discussion

Until now, just setting a goal, without systematical processes

 5
Introduction

The aim of this study

Develop methodology : to estimate carbon emission

Analyze possible reduction
 6

Ⅲ. Methodology
Methodology 7

Overview
CO2 emission by energy
consumption
Household, Commercial, Industrial

Potential CO2 reduction

Land use change, technology, life style

Validation

Previous study, model estimation

Application and Discussion

Gwachun city
Methodology 8

CO2 emission by energy consumption

Before After
Map of Small Area
Statistics Development plan

Development site
The number of The number of
household by size of
floor area
household (Regression)
Energy consumption of (size of floor area)
The number of Household The number of
(by size of floor area)
commercial Small Area Statistics Population
commercial
companies
companies/employee (Household, commercial, industry) Energy consumption of
The number of Commercial/public
industrial (type of company) Plan
(Type of business, The number of
companies/employee Energy consumption of industrial
scale)
Industry sector companies
(type of company)
Land cover map Artificial area
(2005) (Household, commercial, industry)
Downscaling
(scale, type)

Energy consumption Emission Factor Energy consumption

unit (Energy source) unit

(Unit*EF*area) (Unit*EF*area)

CO2 emission CO2 emission

HOU COM/PUB IND HOU COM/PUB IND

Statistical Geographic Information Service(SGIS)

Methodology 9

Estimation of Potential CO2 reduction

Land use change* Technology, Life style**

Soil organic
Land cover map Development
carbon Energy service
(2005) plan
(30cm) demand Development plan
Eco map Land use (cooling, heating)
(Stand age, type) (2005) Energy service
The Level of
Biomass Data Soil Organic Technology demand
(Korea Forest (Present) (Future)
Carbon
Service) Assumption
(Before) (Economy,
The Level of
Energy Technology
Land use change life style, Service
Consumption (Future)
Vegetation demand)
Biomass
(Before)
Method Scenario
(IPCC, KFRI) (greening) ESS Model

Soil Organic Carbon Vegetation Biomass

Potential CO2 reduction
(After) (After)

*Lee DK, PARK C 2009. The Analysis of Potential Reduction of CO2 Emission in Soil and
Vegetation due to Land use Change, The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration
Technology, 12(2): 95-105
**http://www-iam.nies.go.jp/aim/index.htm
 10

Ⅲ. Model
application and
result
Model application and result 11

Validation

suitable to find the change in carbon emission of development area.

Previous study

Model estimation
Model application and result 12

Gwachun Knowledge based Town

Present :

- Monwon Dong, Galhyun Dong area

- Green belt area

Development goal :
- Research facilities and
Household area

- Over 25% of Park and Green Area

▼ Development Plan ▲ Images

Present (Ratio(%)) Development Plan
Type of Land use
Area(㎡) % Area(㎡) %

Household 82,121 6.4 294,380 23.0

Commercial/Public 5,316 0.4 84,858 6.7

Industrial - 251,722 19.8

Road/Parking lot 124,393 9.8 195,412 15.3

Forest 160,368 12.6 - -

Agricultural Area 842,887 66.1 - -

Pasture 57,219 4.5 - -

Park/Green area - 378,437 29.7

School -- 25,000 1.9

Etc 2,136 0.2 44,631 3.6

Total 1,274,440 100.0 1,274,440 100.0
Model application and result 13

1) Household – Basic assumption

Distribution of the total floor space after the development was spread through the
space based on the plan data.

KIT used to be a farming area  applied farmland standard for energy use
After the development  applied modern standard of energy use
*KIT: Knowledge Information Town

Total(Housing) Under 33㎡ 33~66㎡ 66~99㎡ 99~132㎡ 132~165㎡ Over 165㎡

Before
(Small Area 342 0 40 72 179 18 33
Statistics)
After
4,910 30 1,435 2,088 724 443 190
(Study Area)
Model application and result 14

2) Commercial, Industrial – Basic assumption

Types and sizes of businesses that are introduced in this area depend on the development plan.

Commercial/Industrial Sectors Before After(Study Site)

Wholesale and retailing 18 140
Lodging and Restaurant 55 220
Communication 1
Financial and insurance 15
Real estate and leasing service 30
Business Service 100
Institutional 1
Education 48
Health and Social welfare 5
Recreation, Amusement 100
Individual Business 0
Electric, Water 0
Model application and result 15

1) Household Sector

The amount of carbon emission before the development was 134.7 tons/year

After the development, the amount of carbon emission was 4,946 tons/ year
emitted by 4,910 households.

CO2 emission

◀ Before After ▶
Model application and result 16

2) Commercial/Industrial Sector

27,576.2 tons of carbon was produced every year after Knowledge Information
Town was built.

6,721 tons/year of carbon is produced from educational service industry, general

industrial facilities and business districts.

boundary

Apartment
Park
Greening area
Single story house
Road
Commercial
Public/Business
Parking lot
Industrial
School

CO2 emission

◀ Before After ▶
Model application and result 17

CO2 Emission Change (Energy)

Study Area Gwachun city Reduction

Increase
Potential
Ratio(%)
before after Before** After (Study site)

Total Amount 179.6 39,244.0 92,387.7 131,451.1 41% 2800.0

Industrial - 27,576.2 1,635.7 29,211.9 1,685% 551.5

Transportation* - - 20,573.7 20,573.7 -

Housing/Commerti
179.6 11,667.8 70,178.3 81,665 .5 16% 2,248.5
al/Institutial

* Co2 emission of transportation sector has been excluded in this study (Unit:TC)
** previous study
Solar energy
Insulator
High efficiency machine
Changing life pattern
Model application and result 18

CO2 Emission Change (land use change)

Scenario with larger green space minimize the carbon emission through soil.

Plantation (126 tons/year) > scenario 2 (74 tons/year)

If the existing forest is maintained, it can reduce 208 tons of carbon.

Natural absorption source of carbon covers 4.5% of total reduction.

Carbon Emission Reduction Potential

Total Reduction
(Total) (1 year)
Potential
(30 Years)
Soil Forest Forest

313.2 3,292.7
Scenario 1 177.1 126.1
(105.4) (3,500.5)

Scenario 2 1,457.1 313.2 74.0 449.7

(Unit: tC)
 19

Ⅳ. Conclusion and
remarks
Conclusion and remarks 20

Conclusion

The amount of carbon emission can be estimated.

Carbon emission will increase after development.
Some of the emission can be reduced by changing life patterns, using high efficiency
machine and enlarging absorption sources.

However, for lower development of carbon, the measures such as estimating

emission rate with various scenarios and finding the best scenario for each
development should be taken. Especially for development plan, establishing
countermeasure with systematical procedure (greenhouse gas emission analysis,
potential reduction analysis, setting the goal for reduction), and reviewing these
steps are crucial.
Conclusion and remarks 21

Remarks

Due to unprovided information, our conclusion was drawn from assumption;

therefore, there was some uncertainty in this study.

Future transportation should also be considered, which can be changed by the

structural characteristics and formats.

This can be used very efficiently in making decision for urban planning.
Thank You