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.0Assignment 1 Unit 4

P1

Switch: a switch is a network device used to allow multiple devices to connect to a

network, turning one port into many (Linus media group, 2017)

Bridge: A device that links devices together by having inbound and outbound
Ethernet ports

(Linus media group, 2017)

Router: used to create a local network, gives local devices a IP addresses, ensures
that all users receive the right packets rather than other users (Linus media group,
2017)

Wireless access point: allows users to connect to a local network without an Ethernet
wire (Linus media group, 2017)
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NIC (Network interface card): an expansion card used by a computer to give access
to the internet, usually using an Ethernet port

Server: a server is a computer that is designed to be used for a specific use case,
such as storage, networking and surveillance

Workstation : a workstation is computer dedicated for an individual use, such as

video editing, that is more powerful than a conventional computer (Rouse, 2005)

Assignment 1 P1 + M1
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Bluetooth; a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances
using UHF radio waves, it has very short range, typically 10m. It's used for
communication between battery powered devices, as it can be power efficient,
popular uses for Bluetooth is communication between phones, connecting wireless
headphones, and transferring files

IrDA, a group of manufacturers that created a standard for IR transition, it is used

solely for short range transition.

P2

DTE. A device that controls the data between computers, this term is used most
often with serial communications. The standard defines each end of the
communication as DTE or DCE, the DCE usually being a modem. It’s important for
data to be transferred using a serial connection (Anon., n.d.)

DCE. An industry wide software technology for setting up and managing computing
and data exchange in a network. DCE is usually used in larger networks of systems,
with different size servers scattered geographically. This allows users to run
applications on remote locations (Rouse, n.d.). (TechQuickie, 2018)

3G: The third generation provides basic functions like text messages, sending and
receiving phone calls with an information transfer rate off 200 kbits/s, later versions of
3G often denoted as 3.5G and 3.75G.
4G: The fourth generation of mobile phone communication that provides an internet
connection like 3G but is also allows the use of a mobile web, HD mobile TV, gaming
services and cloud computing.
5G: Is the next generation for mobile networks that will allow for a much faster internet
connection, it provides everything that 4G can do but will allow for less latency and
shorter upload/download times. (Wikipedia, 2018)

 Laptops have moved from being something that is very heavy and cannot do
very much to having thin and light’s that are very powerful.
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Most laptops now have a very big battery life and are able to run for at least 8 hours
between charges.

Most laptops will have desktop CPU’s and on board GPU’s but recently with the
laptops that have Thunderbolt on, they can use an external GPU case to use desktop
GPU’s too.

New laptops are being created every year, this allows for better technology to be
added.

GPRS – General Packet Radio Service is a packet-oriented data standard that works
on 2G and 3G. this is the service typically used when using 2 or 3G to deliver mobile
data (Wikipedia, 2018)

P4

Packet – a packet is like a courier for data on the internet, data, such as a email, is
broken down into many packets which are then sent through the routers and switches
that make up the internet until it reaches its destination. It is then received and
reassembled, like a puzzle, in some way using packets is like moving a large puzzle
piece by piece. It is found on the network layer of the OSI model.

Frame – a frame is a data transition unit, in packet switching networks a frame is a

simple container for a packet, it is used on the data link layer of the OSI model and is
the last layer of encapsulation before the data is sent to the physical layer. It creates
a header and footer that tells the receiver when the packet starts and ends

Encapsulation – the process of taking data from one protocol and transfering into
another

D1 - TCP/IP is a communication protocol that allows for connections of hosts to the

internet. It contains 4 protocols: the internet layer; the application layer; the data link
layer; and the transport layer. The link layer is the physical later used to connect
devices, such as a PC and a switch. The internet layer connects hosts go one another
across networks, such as by connecting a LAN to a website, such as Google. The
transport layer is used to start and stop all communication between hosts, it would be
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used to initiate your data connection to Netflix or another site, then terminate it when
that tab is closed or you visit another webpage the application layer is used as the
interface between the user and the network.

OSI – The OSI model governs how data flows from one device to another on a
network, and the different stages it goes through. It is constant of seven layers: the
application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers

Each layer is responsible for different applications of the protocol. The physical later
is responsible for conversion into translatable signals, I.e. Electrical pulses, radio
waves, or light. The data link layer is responsible for into and out of the physical layer,
as well as determining how devices recover from collisions, and conducts error
checking through checksums

The transport layer is responsible for determining the path that data will flow though
the network, and create a virtual image of the network which it uses to determine the
fastest route for data to travel, it also adds MAC addresses to packets though frames.
The transport layer is responsible for splitting data into packets then reconstructing
packets received, this layer also checks received data using checksums to ensure
data integrity.

The session layer controls the connection between different devices, the session layer
tracks dialogs between computers which are called sessions, this layer initiates,
maintains, and ends sessions between local and remote applications. The
presentation layer is mainly used to translate data between the application layer and
the network format, thus it is used to translate all formats into a single format for
efficient and effective communication.

The application layer is the last layer, and is used only for interfacing with the user.

The differences between the two protocols is that OSI has more individual layers, and
is older than TCP, but TCP is considered more reliable as well as combined multiple
layers.
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(Anon., 2019)

The TCP/IP
model uses less
layers than the
OSI model

(Anon., 2019)