1.

The File Dark Chocolate contains the cost per ounce ($) for a sample of 14 dark chocolate
bars.
a. Compute the mean, median, and mode.
b. Compute the variance, standard deviation, range, coefficient of variation. Are there any
outliers? Explain.
c. Are the data skewed? If so, how?
d. Based on the results of (a) through (c), what conclusions can you reach concerning the cost of
dark chocolate bars?

0.68
0.72
0.92
1.14
1.42
0.94
0.77
0.57
1.51
0.57
0.55
0.86
1.41
0.9

Descriptive Statistics

Mean 0.925714286
Standard Error 0.087471906
Median 0.88
Mode 0.57
Standard Deviation 0.327289904
Sample Variance 0.107118681
Kurtosis -0.733658006
Skewness 0.698781776
Range 0.96
Minimum 0.55
Maximum 1.51
Sum 12.96
Count 14
coefficient of variation 0.353553909
2. In intaglio printing, a design or figure is carved beneath the surface of hard metal or stone.
Suppose that an experiment is designed to compare differences in mean surface hardness of
steel plates used in intaglio printing (measured in indentation numbers), based on two different
surface conditions untreated and treated by lightly polishing with emery paper. In the
experiment, 40 steel plates are randomly assigned 20 that are untreated, and 20 that are
treated. The results of the experiment (in intaglio) are as follows:

Untreated Treated
164.368 158.239
159.018 138.216
153.871 168.006
165.096 149.654
157.184 145.456
154.496 168.178
160.92 154.321
164.917 162.763
169.091 161.02
175.276 167.706
177.135 150.226
163.903 155.62
167.802 151.233
160.818 158.653
167.433 151.204
163.538 150.869
164.525 161.657
171.23 157.016
174.964 156.67
166.311 147.92

a. Assuming that the population variances from both conditions are equal, is there evidence of
a difference in the mean surface hardness between untreated and treated steel plates? (Use a
0.05.)
b. Determine the p-value in (a) and interpret its meaning.
c. In addition to equal variances, what other assumption is necessary in (a)?
d. Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the
population means from treated and untreated steel plates.
F-Test Two-Sample for
Variances

Untreated treated
Mean 165.0948 155.73135
Variance 41.6934168 62.41409971
Observations 20 20
df 19 19
F 0.668012789
P(F<=f) one-tail 0.193538882
F Critical one-tail 0.461201089

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming

Equal Variances

untreated treated
Mean 165.0948 155.73135
Variance 41.6934168 62.41409971
Observations 20 20
Pooled Variance 52.05375826
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 38
t Stat 4.104023608
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000103572
t Critical one-tail 1.68595446
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000207144
t Critical two-tail 2.024394164
3.A manufacturing company produces steel housings for electrical equipment. The main
component part of the housing is a steel trough that is made out of a 14-gauge steel coil. It is
produced using a 250-ton progressive punch press with a wipe-down operation that puts two
90-degree forms in the flat steel to make the trough. The distance from one side of the form to
the other is critical because of weather proofing in outdoor applications. The company requires
that the width of the trough be between 8.31 inches and 8.61 inches. The file Trough contains
the widths of the troughs, in inches, for a sample of n = 49

size in inches
8.312 8.411
8.476 8.41
8.436 8.419
8.46 8.415
8.396 8.42
8.343 8.427
8.382 8.351
8.413 8.385
8.444 8.479
8.447 8.41
8.317 8.42
8.484 8.373
8.489 8.465
8.429 8.429
8.405 8.405
8.383 8.498
8.403 8.481
8.414 8.498
8.46 8.458
8.439 8.323
8.348 8.409
8.414 8.422
8.481 8.447
8.412 8.462
8.42

a. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean width of the troughs is
different from 8.46 inches?
b. What assumption about the population distribution is needed in order to conduct the t test
in (a)?
c. Evaluate the assumption made in (b).
d. Do you think that the assumption needed in order to conduct the t test in (a) is valid?
Explain.
 t-Test: One sample

size in inches
Mean 8.420897959
Variance 0.002126552
Observations 49
Hypothesized Mean Difference 8.46
df 48
t Stat -5.935529591
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.57243E-07
t Critical one-tail 1.677224196
P(T<=t) two-tail 3.14486E-07
t Critical two-tail 2.010634758
4.A bank with a branch located in a commercial district of a city has developed an improved
process for serving customers during the noon-to-l P.M. lunch period. The waiting time (defined
as the time elapsed from when the customer enters the line until he or she reaches the teller
window) needs to be shortened to increase customer satisfaction. A random sample of 15
customers is selected (and stored in Bank1), and the results (in minutes) are as follows:
4.21 5.55 3.02 5.13 4.77 2.34 3.54 3.20

4.50 6.10 0.38 5.12 6.46 6.19 3.79

Suppose that another branch, located in a residential area, is also concerned with the noon-to-1
P.M. lunch period. A random sample of 15 customers is selected (and stored in Bank2), and
the results (in minutes) are as follows:
9.66 5.90 8.02 5.79 8.73 3.82 8.01 8.35

10.49 6.68 5.64 4.08 6.17 9.91 5.47

a. Is there evidence of a difference in the variability of the waiting time between the two
branches? (Use a 0.05.)
b. Determine the p-value in (a) and interpret its meaning.
c. What assumption about the population distribution of the two banks is necessary in (a)? Is
the assumption valid for these data?
d. Based on the results of (a), is it appropriate to use the pooled-variance t test to compare the
means of the two branches?

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming

Equal Variances

Bank 1 Bank 2
Mean 4.286667 7.114667
Variance 2.682995 4.335512
Observations 15 15
Pooled Variance 3.509254
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 28
t Stat -4.13431
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000146
t Critical one-tail 1.701131
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000293
t Critical two-tail 2.048407