Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
▪ VoLTE in LTE
▪ Introduction
▪ Definition of CSFB, SVLTE, VoLTE and OTT
▪ SRVCC definition
▪ Architecture
5MHz
10MHz with 2 carrier HSDPA capability (3GPP release 8)
Channel Bandwidth 10MHz with 2 carrier HSUPA capability (3GPP release 9)
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
20MHz with 4 carrier HSDPA capability (3GPP release 10)
UMTS LTE
Uplink MIMO No No
No for DCH
Hybrid ARQ Support Yes for HSDPA and HSUPA
Yes
No for DCH
BTS Scheduling Yes for HSDPA and HSUPA
Yes
Scrambling Code
Yes No
Planning
Physical Layer Cell
No Yes
Identity Planning
CS and PS
TDMA
BSC Core Network
CS and PS
WCDMA
RNC Core Network
Only IP PS
OFDMA network Core Network
PGW
GGSN (only user plane functions)
SGW
Mobility Management Entity
SGSN MME
(not user plane
functions)
RNC
RNC functions
moved to eNodeB
S1-MME
S6a
X2 S1-MME
eNB HSS
MME PCRF
S11 S7
eUu
to PDN
UE
S1-U S5/S8 (Pocket Data Network)
Serving PDN
eNB Gateway Gateway
eNB
Serving
Gateway
Power Density
Saved
Bandwidth
3
4
Time Domain T Tg
SYMBOL
time
3
time
Tg: Guard period duration
ISI: Inter-Symbol Interference 4
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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time
The Cyclic Prefix OFDM symbol
0 1 2 3 16 17 18 19
Frequency (subcarriers)
Subcarrier
0 1 2 3 16 17 18 19 frequency –
180KHz
Symbols
Subcarrier 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
KHz
180
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subcarrier
Resource
12 1 slot 1 slot Element
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
1 ms subframe
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OFDM Key Parameters
Bandwidth options: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
Variable Bandwidth (BW)
CP T
SYMBOL
17
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive Time
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TS
OFDM Key Parameters
The number of Subcarriers Nc
→ Nc x Δf = BW
In LTE not all the available channel bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz) will be used. For the transmission bandwidth typically 10% guard
band is considered (to avoid the out band emissions).
If BW = 20MHz → Transmission BW = 20MHz – 2MHz = 18 MHz
→ the number of subcarriers Nc = 18MHz/15KHz = 1200 subcarriers
Channel Bandwidth [MHz]
Channel edge
Channel edge
Resource block
Sampling rate fs
Number of 6 15 25 50 75 100
Resource Blocks
DL UL
RLC
MCCH
MTCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
BCCH
PCCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
Logical channels
DL-SCH MAC
MCH
UL-SCH
BCH
PCH
RACH
Transport channels
PHY
PCFICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
PHICH
PMCH
PBCH
PUCCH
PRACH
PUSCH
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive Air interface
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Logical Channels in LTE
Logical Channel
• type of information;
• MAC priority;
• UE identification;
CCCH
• common control ch.;
• initial access signaling for
RRC_IDLE UE;
MCCH
• multicast control ch.;
• MBMS
Information Securitycontrol
Level 2 – information
Sensitive
22 © 2017 for
– Proprietary
MTCH;& Confidential Information of Amdocs
• downlink only;
Transport Channels in LTE
Transport Channel (TrCH)
• transfer characteristics:
• delay, collision risk;
• supported block sizes and number of blocks;
• support for HARQ;
• support for beam-forming;
• support for DRX/DTX;
• coding (reliability);
Downlink TrCH • static | dynamic resource allocation; Uplink TrCH
• support for QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM;
BCH RACH
• broadcast channel; • random access channel;
• carries BCCH; • carries no logical channel;
• only for initial L1 access
PCH request;
• paging channel;
UL-SCH
• carries PCCH;
• uplink shared channel;
MCH • carries CCCH, DCCH, DTCH;
• supports HARQ;
• multicast channel;
• carries MTCH, MCCH;
DL-SCH
• downlink shared channel;
• carries DCCH, DTCH, BCCH,
MTCH, MCCH;
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
23 • supports
© 2017 – Proprietary & Confidential HARQ;
Information of Amdocs
Physical Channels in LTE
Physical Channels / Signals
• set of OFDM/SC-FDMA resource elements;
• carry higher layer data (physical channel PhyCH) or
• used internally by L1 (physical channel/signal);
PCFICH
• phys. control format
indicator channel
• L1 control information (no.
of ODFM symbols used for
PDCCH);
pre-coding
MISO
(Multiple Input Single Output)
X …
Spatial Multiplexing
multiple data stream sent over SIMO
multiple input antennas (Single Input Multiple Output) MU-MIMO
pre-coding
X1
…
… …
…
Xn
MIMO
(Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Diversity Coding
single data stream sent over
multiple input antennas … …
with different coding
e.g. CDMA soft handover
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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DL PDSCH
• The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is the main data-bearing
downlink channel in LTE
• It is used for all user data, as well as for broadcast system information
which is not carried on the PBCH, and for paging messages – there is no
specific physical layer paging channel in the LTE system dlMimoMode PDSCH Transmission Scheme TMs involved in
PDSCH
There are the following mode in case of PDSCH: SingleTX Single stream TM1
•Transmission Mode 6: Closed-loop rank-1 precoding Dynamic Open Open Loop MIMO using 2 TX TM2, TM3
Loop MIMO antennas
•Transmission Mode 7: Transmission using UE-specific reference signals (2x2)
dlMimoMode : Downlink MIMO mode Closed Loop Closed Loop MIMO using 2 TX TM4
SingleTX (0), MIMO (2x2) antennas
2-way TXDiv (10), Closed Loop Closed Loop MIMO using 4 TX TM4, TM2
4-way TXDiv (11), MIMO (4x2) & antennas
Static Open Loop MIMO (2x2) (20), (4x4)
Dynamic Open Loop MIMO (2x2) (30), Single Stream Single stream beamforming TM7, TM2 (TM3*)
Closed Loop MIMO (2x2) (40), Beamforming
Closed Loop MIMO (4x2) (41), & Closed Loop MIMO (4x4) (43)
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive Dual Stream Dual stream beamforming TM8, TM2 (TM3*)
27 © 2017 – Proprietary & Confidential Information of Amdocs Beamforming
PRACH Planning
Wrap Up
▪ Steps:
▪ - Define the prachConfIndex
• Depends on preamble format (cell range)
• It should be the same for each cell of a site
▪ - Define the prachFreqOff
• Depends on the PUCCH region
• It can be assumed to be the same for all cells of a network (simplification)
▪ - Define the PrachCS
• Depends on the cell range
• If for simplicity same cell range is assumed for all network then prachCS is the same for all cells
▪ - Define the rootSeqIndex
• It points to the first root sequence
• It needs to be different for neighbour cells
• rootSeqIndex separation between cells depends on how many are necessary per cell
(depends on PrachCS)
▪ Used in several cases: E.g. initial access (from idle to connected), to re-establish a radio link
after a failure, as part of the handover
▪ Process starts by UE selecting randomly a preamble from the list of preambles broadcasted in
the BCCH
▪ There are 64 preambles (sequences) per cells
1 frame (10ms)
• RACH Operation uses
– Frequency: 6 PRBs (1 RACH
• Difference in formats is based in the different durations for the cyclic prefix,
sequence and guard time which have an effect on the maximum cell radius
Recommendation:
▪ Select Format0 for cell
ranges <14.53 km
▪ Select Format1 for cell
ranges <77.34 km
▪ Supported values:
▪ For Preamble Format 0: 3 to 8
▪ For Preamble Format 1: 19 to 24
• Indicates the first PRB available for PRACH in the UL frequency band
▪ PRACH area (6 PRBs) should be next to PUCCH area either at upper or lower border of
frequency band to maximize the PUSCH area but not overlap with PUCCH area
▪ Parameter is configured based on the PUCCH region (see PUCCH dimensioning) i.e. its value
depends on how many PUCCH resources are available.
▪ If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL frequency band then:
• If PRACH area is placed at the upper border of the UL frequency band then:
▪ PrachCS defines the configuration used for the preamble generation. i.e. how many cyclic shifts
are needed to generate the preamble
▪ PrachCS depends on the cell size
▪ Different cell ranges correspond to different PrachCS
▪ Simplification: To assume all cells have same size (limited by the prachConfIndex)
Recommendation:
Select PrachCS based on the cell
range E.g. if estimated cell range is
15km then PrachCS: 12
If all cells in the network are assumed
to have same cell range them
PrachCS is the same network wise
▪ PrachCS defines the number of cyclic shifts (in terms of number of samples) used to generate
multiple preamble sequences from a single root sequence
▪ Example based on PrachCS=12 -> number of cyclic shifts: 119
▪ Root sequence length is 839 so a cyclic shift of 119 samples allows ROUNDDOWN (839/119)= 7 cyclic shifts
before making a complete rotation (signatures per root sequence)
▪ 64 preambles are transmitted in the PRACH frame. If one root is not enough to generate all 64
preambles then more root sequences are necessary
▪ To ensure having 64 preamble sequences within the cell it is necessary to have ROUNDUP (64/7)= 10 root
sequences per cell
▪ Each logical rootSeqIndex is associated with a single 0–23 129, 710, 140, 699, 120, 719, 210, 629, 168, 671, 84, 755, 105,
734, 93, 746, 70, 769, 60, 779
physical root sequence number. 2, 837, 1, 838
▪ In case more than one root sequence is necessary 24–29 56, 783, 112, 727, 148, 691
the consecutive number is selected until the full set is 30–35 80, 759, 42, 797, 40, 799
generated 36–41 35, 804, 73, 766, 146, 693
42–51 31, 808, 28, 811, 30, 809, 27, 812, 29, 810
52–63 24, 815, 48, 791, 68, 771, 74, 765, 178, 661, 136, 703
Recommendation:
…. …..
Use different rootSeqIndex across
neighbouring cells means to ensure 64–75 86, 753, 78, 761, 43, 796, 39, 800, 20, 819, 21, 818
neighbour cells will use different 810– 309, 530, 265, 574, 233, 606
815
preamble sequences
816– 367, 472, 296, 543
819
820– 336, 503, 305, 534, 373, 466, 280, 559, 279, 560, 419, 420, 240,
837 599, 258, 581, 229, 610
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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Exercise
CDMA OFDMA
Single Carrier transmission does The part of total available
not allow to perform frequency channel experiencing bad
aware scheduling. Every fading channel condition (fading) can
gap effects the data. be avoided during resource
allocation procedure.
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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MCS Index Modulation TBS Index
3. DL Reference Signals
(Channel estimation & measurements –
like CPICH* in UMTS)
For the initial random access the steps are the following
8A – the mobile is selecting randomly one preamble. There are in total 64 preambles available preambles in one cell. In this
case with A it is intended to note the first random preamble
8C – If no answer is received from the Node-b then the mobile is repeating the preamble. In this example with C is noted
the 3rd preamble. That means that the assumption is that after three preambles the UE is receiving an answer from the
Node-B
48
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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▪ UE-CN Signalling (Attach)
DL Transmission
1. DL Reference signals
3. UL Demodulation Signal
(UL channel estimation, demodulation,
→ Like *DPCCH in UMTS)
4. PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
(UL grant – capacity allocation)
5. PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
(user data → initial transmission)
6. PHlCH Physical HARQ Indicator Channel
*DPCCH = Dedicate Physical Control
Channel (ACK/ NACK for HARQ)
ACK = Acknowledgment
NACK = Negative ACK 7. PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
HARQ = Hybrid Automatic Repeat
Request
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
(user data → eventual re-transmission)
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SIB Information (1/2)
•Access Class Information
•PLMN Identity list
•TAC
•Cell Barred Indication
SIB 2: •Uplink Carrier Frequency
•UL Bandwidth
•MBSFN Configuration Information
•Intra frequency reselection
•CSG Indication
SIB 1:
•CSG Identity
•Qrxlevminoffset
•P-Max
•Frequency band indicator
•SI periodicity mapping information •Cell Reselection Information
•SIB window length (Common SI scheduling •Q-Hyst
window for all SIB •Speed State Reselection Parameters
•System Info Value Tag •Q-Hys Speed SF (Scaling Factor)
•Treselection EUTRA
SIB 3:
•Treselection EUTRA SF
•S Intra Search
•Cell Reselection Serving Info
•S-Non-Intra Search Info
•Threshold Serving Low Value
•Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info
•P-Max
•Intra Freq Neighbour Cell List
SIB 4:
•Allowed measurement Bandwidth
•Q-OffsetCell
•Intra Freq Black Cell List
•CSG Physical Cell ID Range
The periodicity of MIB is 40ms SIB1 is sent with the periodicity of 80ms
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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SIB Information (2/2)
SIB 6:
• Carrier Frequency List UTRA
•Inter Frequency Carrier Freq List • UTRA Reselection
•Inter Frequency Carrier Freq Info
Information
SIB 5: •Inter Frequency Neighbor Cell List
•Inter Frequency Neighbor Cell Info
SIB 7:
•Inter Frequency Black Cell List • Carrier Frequency List GERAN
•Inter Frequency Black Cell Info
• GERAN Reselection Information
SIB 2
• Dedicated bearers : It provides dedicated tunnel to one or more specific traffic (i.e. VoIP, video etc).
Dedicated bearer acts as an additional bearer on top of default bearer.
▪ Concept Comparison
Connected Connected Connected Connected Connected Connected
mode mode mode mode mode mode
• idle mode mobility • operates on the edge of idle- • connected mode mobility
• no active data/voice connection connected mode mobility • maintaining data/voice
is in place • release procedure with connection when UE moves to
• UE selects a more suitable cell redirection information different cell, frequency layer or
and camp on it • UE is ordered to switch to RAT
• UE performs re-selection actions another frequency layer or RAT • resources are reserved in advance
independently, following the rules • no resources are reserved in on target side
given by the network via advance on target side • service interruption is unnoticeable
Broadcast Channel (BCH) • Radio Access Network (RAN) from end-user perspective
• Absolute Priority (AP) based cell Information Management (RIM) – • seamless Quality of Experience
re-selection mechanism System Information Block (SIB) (QoE)
tunneling
SRVCC
CS fallback
Inter-System HO
GSM CS Connected
3G DCH LTE RRC CONNECTED
PS HO
3G URA/CELL PCH
connection
connection establishement/release
connection
establishement/release establishement/release
▪ EMM- REGISTERED
▪ UE registers with an MME and establishes a default bearer for application data transfer via attach procedure or TAU
procedure after inter-system HO
▪ UE responds to paging messages
EMM Attach
EMM registered
deregistered Detach
UE
E-UTRAN MME
RRC connection
establishment
RRC idle RRC connected
RRC connection release
S1 connection establishment
ECM idle ECM connected
S1 connection release
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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LTE Radio Resource Control (RRC) States
▪RRC Idle state
▪ No signalling connection between UE and
network exists
▪ RRC connection may be released due to the following
▪ UE performs cell reselections
reasons:
▪ Paging needed when the there is data in
▪ UE is inactive for a long time
downlink direction
▪ High mobility: UE makes x handovers within m minutes
▪ RACH procedure used on RRC connection
establishment ▪ Max number of RRC connected UEs reached. Then,
longest inactive UE is released
RRC Connected State
▪ A signalling connection exists between UE and
network
▪ UE location is known in MME with an accuracy of
a cell ID
▪ The mobility of UE is handled by the handover
procedure
EMM Registered
EMM Deregistered
Timeout of Periodic TA
Update
• Release S-TMSI
• Release IP addresses
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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LTE Tracking Area
▪ Tracking Area Identity = MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and TAC
(Tracking Area Code)
o If the UE is in EMM Registered state, an MME knows the exact Tracking Area to which it belongs
o Paging, if needed, will be done within the full Tracking Area
o When a UE is attached to the network, the MME will know the UE’s position on tracking area level
▪ Tracking areas are allowed to overlap. One cell can belong to multiple tracking areas
▪ UE is told by the network to be in several tracking areas simultaneously
o Gain: when the UE enters a new cell, it checks which tracking areas the new cell is part of. If this TA is on UE
TA list, then no tracking area update is necessary
HSS
TAI1 eNB 1 2
TAI1-2
TAI1 MME
TAI1-2
TAI1
TAI2
TAI2 eNB
TAI2
TAI2
TAI2
Cell Identity TAI2
TAI2
TAI2
TAI3
TAI3 S-eNB 3
TAI3
TAI3 MME
TAI3
TAI3
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive TAI3
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TRIGGERS FOR TAU PROCEDURE
▪ UE detects it has entered a new TA (Tracking Area) that is not in the list of TAIs (Tracking Area Indicators) that
the UE registered with the network;
▪ The periodic TA update timer has expired;
▪ UE was in URA_PCH when it reselects to E-UTRAN;
▪ UE was in GPRS READY state when it reselects to E-UTRAN;
▪ The RRC connection was released with release cause "load re-balancing TAU required";
▪ The RRC layer in the UE informs the UE's NAS layer that an RRC connection failure (in either E-UTRAN or UTRAN)
has occurred;
▪ To update certain UE specific parameters in the network (ex:- when the UE changes the “UE network
capability information” or the “MS network capability information” or the UE specific DRX parameter etc...)*
E-UTRA
RRC_IDLE C-RNTI released
GUTI
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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S–Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (S-TMSI)
▪ S-TMSI is shortened form of GUTI that enable more efficient radio signalling procedures (e.g. paging
and Service Request)
▪ Its main purpose is for user confidentiality.
▪ S-TMSI = <MME Code><M-TMSI>
▪ If S1-flex interface option is used, the eNB must select the right MME for a UE. This is done by using
MME Code portion of S-TMSI
▪ To locally identify a UE in short within a MME group (Unique within a MME Pool)
1 bytes 4 bytes
S-TMSI
Target
Source eNB
eNB X2
Phases:
1. Handover initiation:
▪ eNB starts a HO to WCDMA following a received measurement report with
event B2 (A2/A1 activates/deactivates measurements)
▪ Max. 8 cells reported (strongest first) that create the TCL (target cell list)
2. Handover preparation:
▪ Resource allocation on target side (E-RAB parameters mapped into PDP
context)
3. Handover execution:
▪ UE moves into WCDMA cell after receiving ‘MobilityfromEUTRACommand’
message
4. Handover completion:
▪ Release of S1 connection and internal resources after successful HO (no
timers expired)
Real time
4 GBR 3 50ms 1e-3
gaming
Interactive
6 Non-GBR 7 100ms 1e-3
gaming
The real data rate of the user will be further reduced if the physical layer overhead is
considered. Also the higher layers may introduce overhead (example IP , PDCP , RLC and MAC
are introducing their own headers. .
PH -23dB … +40dB
CQI 0 … 15
Relation between RSRP and downlink throughput based on drive Relation between SINR and downlink throughput based on drive
test data (26MHZ and 20MHz network) test data (26MHZ and 20MHz network)
80.0 70
70.0
60
60.0
50
50.0
40
Mbps
Mbps
40.0
30
30.0
20.0 20
10.0 10
0.0 0
-130
-128
-126
-124
-122
-120
-118
-116
-114
-112
-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
-94
-92
-90
-88
-86
-84
-82
-80
-78
-75
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
dBm dB
• In bad coverage
o RSSI will be around noise floor, -115dB
o RSRP will be around noise floor, -130dBm
o RSRQ will be -12dBm or weaker
o Power headroom will be below 0
o SINR will be below 0
Aggresive
MO Parameter name Modification Normal
Coverage ▪ When apply?
dlRsBoost objectLocking 1300
LNCEL 1300 ▪ When there are holes coverage into
LNCEL
inactivityTimer onLine 10
10 highways, routes, avenues, etc.
LNCEL
threshold2Wcdma onLine 24
28 ▪ Trigger before the measurements & IRAT
b2Threshold1Utra onLine 23 HO.
LNHOW 27
LNHOW hysB2ThresholdUtra onLine 6 4 ▪ Sceneries Not used anymore, due to PSHO
for LTE network was disable. Then only
redirection to 3G still working.
Moderate
MO Parameter name Modification Normal
Coverage
dlRsBoost objectLocking 1300
LNCEL 1300
inactivityTimer onLine 10
LNCEL 10
threshold2Wcdma onLine 24
LNCEL 28
b2Threshold1Utra onLine 23
LNHOW 27
LNHOW hysB2ThresholdUtra onLine 6 6
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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Sceneries
Interference
Aggresive
MO Parameter name Modification Normal
Coverage ▪ When apply?
dlRsBoost objectLocking 1300
LNCEL 700 ▪ Reduce -3dB de Reference signal, when
LNCEL
inactivityTimer onLine 10
5 there area interference in the area
LNCEL
threshold2Wcdma onLine 24
24 ▪ Improve the user perception just
b2Threshold1Utra onLine 23 connecting to LTE when the DL power is
LNHOW 23
hysB2ThresholdUtra onLine 6
enough to good LTE service.
LNHOW 6
▪ Scenaries apply for special cases, when
Feature LTE786 is not able (interference not
located into the border of the spectrum)
880 users
880 users
LTE users CF145 LTE users CF201
LTE users
CF145 CF201
Cases Examples
Mobility Optimization
• Identify Ping Pong HO area
Interference Mobility • Perform Parameter tuning to improve HOSR and
Analysis Optimization redirection
• Perform Parameter tuning to improve CSFB
▪ Move any LTE capable UE to LTE. Performing CS calls in 3G then pushing back to LTE as
soon as possible
▪ Recommended & implemented:
▪ Mobility Parameters (Reselection/IRAT), better setting between both networks (WCDAM / LTE)
▪ Smart LTE Layering better parameters setting (based on drive test & trials)
RSIs changed
RSIs changed
RSIs changed
• Big improvement in KPI RACH Setup Completion Success Rate (LTE_5569a) -> Currently close to
100% on the analyzed cells.
rootSeqIndex
• 2G → LTE functionalities
• LTE System Information (BSS 21353) (RG20)
• Idle mode mobility to LTE
• Inter-System NCCR for LTE (RG301737) (RG30) Not recommended due to not well
performing Packet Cell Change Order
• GPRS Packet transfer mode mobility to LTE RRC-Idle (PCCO) message, as NCCR to 3G experience.
Current situation
GSM Network 4G Network • Directly
• Faster
Recommended &
Re-selection
• without transit into 3G network implemented.
LTE capable UE
Recommended
▪ LTE interference detection method definition & create a delivery Avg RSSI for PUSCH > -95 dBm
report for interference hunting Avg SINR for PUSCH < 5 dB
▪
▪ Drop Rate (radio fails) Better QDA, just few hours below 99%
▪ Throughput (cell/user)
▪ Intra eNB HandOver
▪ Inter eNB HandOver through X2 interface
Flexible UL BW LTE786
Flexible UL BW LTE786
Interference
LNCEL:
blankedPucch:0 -> 40.
redBwRpaEnUl: True.
prachFreqOff:25.
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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MPUCCH:
nCqiRb: 44
LTE – Paraguay & ARG 700Mhz parameters issues detection
& solutions Periodic Review: detected & solved
configuration all over the network.
▪ Paraguay in AWS and Argentina in 700 MHz were deployed with a BandWidth of 15 MHz and the
prachFreqOffset value has setting as equal as for 10 MHz.
▪ To maximize the PUSCH area and consequently improve uplink performance in terms of user/cell throughput
& volume (peak & average), the prachFreqOffset value should be changed from 39 to 64 or 5 for all cells
with LTE BandWidth = 15 MHz ( Paraguay in AWS and Argentina in 700 MHz)
▪ Motivation: as the Retention into LTE was one key problem into LTE, then to retain more traffic into
LTE it was found that disabling RSRQ (Quality) redirection to 3G
▪ Then after this change only redirection due to RSRP will be trigger
▪ Improving PSRET LTE, not impacting QDR
▪ Less ping pong between both networks
Operator Amdocs
MO Parameter
Value proposal eNodeB
device
LNCEL hysThreshold4Rsrq 0 15dB mobile
user
▪ Motivation: As LTE network has better performance for data services, then pushing the
user faster from 3G to LTE will improve the end user performance into Claro user.
▪ Then moving the threshold values of more relax quality during the Measurement Based
LTE Layering
▪ Increasing around 15% of redirection from 3G to LTE
Operator
Increasing around 130k redirection at daily level from 3G to LTE & MO Parameter
Value
Amdocs proposal
reducing the LTE not found redirection during the Measurements HOPL AdjLminRSRQLevel 15dB 19.5dB
▪ Motivation: improve the LTE PS RETENTION, also MLL LTE Periodic Trigger Timer is not
working when users are coming with PSHO to 3G network (based on the PRFILE 002:1916
RN60_MAINT_41)
▪ After this change the mobility from LTE to 3G will be only due to redirections RSRP
w/measurement & CSFB w/measurements
After change keep the same values of mobility CSFB with 100% After change keep the same values of mobility with 100%
redirections & not anymore CSFB PS IRAT HO. redirections and not anymore PS IRAT HO.
LNBTS preventPsHOtoWcdma 0 1
LNBTS actCsfbPsHoToUtra 1 0
▪ Motivation: improve the efficiency of the resource usage. Then as the network is showing the traffic profile, it is
important to adapt the parameter setting for the link Adaptation & Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth (ATB).
▪ At call setup the maximum number of PRB’s that can be allocated to a single UE shall be limited to reduce
the PRBs usage for the initial moments (iniPrbsUl). Also defining the lowest possible amount of allocable PRBs
(eUlLaLowPrbThr).
▪ Then during the link adaptation functionality defining how many MCS indexes (eUlLaDeltaMcs) above the
minimal MCS index
Operator Amdocs
MO Parameter
Value proposal
LNCEL eUlLaDeltaMcs 4 6
LNCEL eUlLaLowPrbThr 5 1
LNCEL iniPrbsUl 10 5
UL Efficiency improved
▪ Motivation: As LTE network has better performance for data services, then pushing the
user faster from 3G to LTE will improve the end user performance into Claro user.
▪ Then moving the threshold values to more relax signal level during the Measurement
Based LTE Layering will allow to push users to LTE network.
Operator
MO Parameter Amdocs proposal
Value
HOPL AdjLMinRSRPLevel -114dBm -116dBm
RTUC4
RMEN5
RMEN5 RTORC
▪ Motivation: as the Retention into LTE was one key problem into LTE, then to retain more traffic into LTE it was
found that making the values of RSRP (Coverage) lower for redirection to 3G. ONLY apply for CORE cells.
▪ Improving PSRET LTE, not impacting QDR
▪ 80% reduction of redirection RSRP to 3G
▪ Improved HSDPA/HSUPA Accessibility
▪ Improved ~20% BAD HS QDA ATT reduction
▪ Reduction of HSPA users/improved throughput
eNodeB
device
Operator mobile
MO Parameter Amdocs proposal user
Value
LNCEL Threshold4 -120dBm -125dBm
Operator Amdocs
MO Parameter
Value proposal
REDRT redirFreqUtra UARFCN UARFCN
REDRT csFallBPrio 0 1
REDRT redirectPrio 0 1
LNBTS actIdleLB 0 1
▪ What is VoLTE?
• LTE networks are packet- switched. They do not include the traditional 2G/3G
voice services (CS).
• VoLTE (Voice over LTE) is the solution to provide the Voice (VoIP) and SMS
service capability on LTE networks. Requirements:
- Real time traffic
- Quality of Service
- Interoperability to existing CS voice network
In the simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) solution, dual-mode mobile phones work on the
LTE network and the CS network simultaneously. The LTE network provides data services,
while
• the CS network provides voice services.
Advantage: SVLTE is a solution for mobile phones without requirements for the network.
Disadvantage:
• The cost and power consumption of dual-mode mobile phones are high.
MSC server
MME
CS EPC
2G/3G LTE
• Advantage:
□ Only the OTT server needs to be deployed to the live network and slight change is
required. The OTT can enhance user experience by offering rich multimedia services.
• Disadvantages:
□ The OTT solution is not carrier-class-based and has low reliability.
CSFB
(CS Fallback)
Voice in LTE
SRVCC
(Single Radio Voice Call Continuity)
4G -> 3G
RRC Connection Setup
Location updating or Paging Response
Start of 3G
A3 Neighbour becomes offset better than
measurements
serving A2 event
A4 Neighbour becomes better than threshold
B2 measurements active
A5 Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and
for the provided
neighbour becomes better than threshold2
measurement objects
B1 Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than
threshold Start of handover
B2 Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and B2 event
inter RAT neighbour becomes better than Low serving cell RSRP
threshold2
* Measurement gaps scheduled if needed – depending on the UE capability, so acc. to IE interRAT-NeedForGaps stored in UE-
EUTRA Capability
Information Security Level 2 – Sensitive
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Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
▪ SRVCC provides voice service continuity when changing from an LTE cell to a
WCDMA/GSM cell
o The eNB will trigger required inter-RAT measurements only if the UE has an EPS bearer with
QCI=1 (i.e. GBR for Conversational Voice) and both the MME and the UE are SRVCC
capable
o Non-voice bearers handling
▪ SRVCC to GERAN: PSHO is not supported, non-voice bearers will not be handed over
▪ SRVCC to UTRAN: all non-voice bearers will be handed over to PS domain