2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

L
1 (a) Diameter of single rod d = = 0.911666 cm
60
∆L
Uncertainty in diameter ∆d = = 0.0017 cm = 0.002 cm (1 s.f.)
60
∆d ∆L
OR calculate from =
d L

Hence d = (0.912 ± 0.002) cm

ρL ρL 4 ρL
(b) R = = =
A  πd  πd 2
2
 
 4 
∆R ∆L  ∆d 
= + 2 
R L  d 
∆R  ∆L  ∆d 
Percentage uncertainty x100 =  + 2 100
R L  d 
 0.1  0.002 
= + 2 100
14.2  0.912 
= 1.1% (2 s.f.)

2 (a)
Circular path of object
−Vi
Vf ∆V
Vi Vf

Since direction of circular motion is changing, there is a change in velocity

Change in velocity, ∆V = final velocity, v f – initial velocity v i
= v f + (– v i )
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time (OR a = ∆V/∆t),
which is pointing in a direction towards the centre of the circle from the vector
diagram. Hence it is possible for an object to be moving with constant speed with
acceleration.

(b) (i)
By conservation of energy,
1 1
mv i2 + mgh i = mgh f + mv f2
2 2
1 1
mv i2 + 0 = mgh f + mv f2
2 2

v f = 21.6 m s−1
2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

Note: v2 = u2 + 2as is NOT allowed as it for linear uniformly accelerated

motion only

(ii)
By Newton’s 2nd Law,
mv 2
N+W=
r
mv 2
N= − mg
r
Since N < 50000
v2
Then m( − g) < 50000
r
Maximum m = 1534 kg
Maximum W = 15044 N

3 (a) Gravitational potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit mass by an
external agent in bringing a small test mass from infinity to that point, without
producing any acceleration of the test mass.

(b) (i) Change in gravitational potential ∆φ

= φ final - φ initial
GM  GM 
= − − − 
R+h  R 
(6.67 x10 −11 )(6.0 x10 24 ) (6.67 x10 −11 )(6.0 x10 24 )
= − +
(6.4 x103 + 1.3x10 4 ) x103 (6.4 x103 ) x103
= 4.2 x 107 J kg-1
(ii) Using conservation of energy,

KE initial + GPE initial = KE final + GPE final

1
mu 2 + mφ initial = 0 + mφ final
2
1
mu 2 = m(φ final - φ initial )
2
u= 2(4.2 x 107 ) = 9.2 x 103 m s-1

(iii) Assumptions are:

- Neglect air resistance acting on the object
- Ignore rotation of the Earth (i.e. no initial KE)
2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

4 (a) Forced oscillations are caused by continual input of energy by external applied
force to an oscillating system to compensate the loss due to damping in order to
maintain the amplitude of the oscillation.

1
(b) (i) Total Energy = Maximum PE = mω2x 0 2
2
1
Total Energy = (0.050) (2π × 19)2 (2.8 × 10−2)2
2
= 0.279 J

1
(ii) kx 0 2 = Total Energy
2
k = 2 × TE ÷ x 0 2 = 2 × 0.279 ÷ (0.028)2
k = 712 N m−1

(c)
Amplitude xo/cm f0
3.0

2.0

1.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
• Broader/flatter peak Frequency / Hz
• Peak at lower frequency
• Amplitude should be smaller at all frequencies (hence the 2 graphs should not
intersect at all)

5 (a) The wave from the loudspeaker is reflected at the piston. Both the wave from the
loudspeaker and the reflected wave are of the same type and have the same speed,
wavelength and amplitude. When they superpose, a stationary wave is formed.

(b) (i) In the fundamental mode, a node exists at the closed end (piston) and an
antinode exists at the open end (loudspeaker) Hence
λ
l=
4
v 1
Since v = fλ, then l = so a graph of l vs is a straight line
4f f
2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

(ii) The antinode occurs at a distance beyond the end of the pipe (end correction)
hence the graph does not pass through the origin.

0 .3 − 0 .1
(c) Gradient of line = = 80 m s-1
( 4 − 1.5)x10 − 3
v
Since gradient =
4
Speed of sound = 4(80) = 320 m s-1

6 (a) The target materials are the same as their characteristic x-rays produced have the
same wavelength, which shows that the energy levels of their atoms are the same
(same discrete energy level between the 2 target materials)

(b) X-ray tube Q has a higher potential difference (p.d.) applied because tube Q
produces minimum wavelengths of X-rays which corresponds to higher energy
photons (since E = hc/λ). The photons are produced due to decelerated electrons
losing their KE upon collision with the metal. This shows that the bombarding
electrons produced by tube Q have higher initial kinetic energy which derived from
the high p.d. applied.

(c) Electric Potential Energy → Kinetic Energy of electron → Energy of photon

EPE = hc / wavelength
Wavelength = h c / eV
= 6.63 × 10-34 × 3 × 108 / (10 000 × 1.6 × 10-19)
= 1.24 x 10-10 m

7 (a) ε = 0.41

(b) (i) G = 1.9

(ii) R = 13.5 kΩ
Vo GVi 1.9 x 6.00
(iii) Io = = =
R R 13.5 x103
= 0.84 mA

output power I oVo I o2R

(iv) ε= = =
input power I iVi I iVi

I o2 R (0.84 x10 −3 ) 2 (13.5 x103 )

so I iVi = = = 0.0232 W
ε 0.41
0.0232
I1 = = 3.9 mA
6.00

(c) (i) power loss = input power – output power

= (1 − ε) input power
= (1 – 0.41) (0.0232) = 0.0137 W
2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

power loss = I 2R = (3.9 x10 −3 )2 ( 470 )

(ii)
= 0.00715 W

power loss = I 2R = (0.84 x10 −3 )2 (2950 )

(iii)
= 0.00208 W

(d) Total loss in coil = 7.15 + 2.08 = 9.23 mW

This is less than the total power loss by transformer of 13.8 mW

(e) (i) ε drops to limit of 0.25

(ii) ε drops to near zero.
2012 H2 Physics Prelim Paper 2 Solution

Basic Procedure
Direct microwave at ice sheet [B1]
Repeat for sheets of different thickness [B1]

Diagram shows
Transmitter – ice sheet – receiver T and R on same side of ice [B1]
Microammeter connected to receiver and low power supply connected
to transmitter [B1]

Measurements
Measure microammeter / CRO / suitable instrument reading as measure of
the strength of the reflected wave but not just ‘receiver’ [B1]
Measure thickness of ice (workable method) [B1]

Control of variables
Position of transmitter and receiver / ice remain unchanged or same distances
from ice [B1]
Keep temperature of ice constant [B1]
Keep output of transmitter constant [B1]
Max 2 marks

Any further detail

Movement or rotation of transmitter / receiver / ice to get maximum signal [B1]
Need for flat ice surface for reflection [B1]
Conducting experiment at low temperature [B1]
Detail relating to ice melting [B1]
Discussion of backing for ice [B1]
Use of thermocouple to take temperature of ice [B1]
Different thickness of ice in different places [B1]
Use a freezer [B1]
Radiation received when no ice in place/use of screen (background) [B1]
Safety (1) concerning microwaves – heats ice-point away from people [B1]
Safety (2) concerning handling of ice – gloves [B1]
Max 4 marks