Tabel 3.

7
Konstanta m dan s Massa Batuan Menurut Hoek & Brown (1980)

APPROXIMATE EQUATIONS FOR PRINCIPAL STRESS RELATIONSHIPS AND MOHR ENVELOPES FOR INTACT ROCK AND JOINTED ROCK MASSES
CARBONATE ROCKS WITH LITHIFIED ARGILLACEUUS ARENACEOUS ROCKS WITH FINE GRAINED COARSE GRAINED
WELL DEVELOPED CRYSTAL ROCK STRONG CRYSTALS AND POLYMINERALLIC IGNEOUS POLYMINERALLIC IGNEOUS
CLEAVAGE Midstone, siltstone, shale POORLY DEVELOPED CRYSTALLINE ROCKS AND METAMORPHIC
Dolomites, limestone and and slate (normal to CRYSTAL CLEAVAGE Andesite, dolerite, CRYSTALLINE ROCKS
marble cleavage) Sandstone and quartzite diabase, and rhyolite Amphibolite, gabbro,
gneise, granite, norite,
and quartzdiorite
INTACT ROCK SAMPLES
σ1n = σ 3n + 7 σ 3n + 1.0 σ1n = σ 3n + 10 σ 3n + 1.0 σ1n = σ 3n + 15σ 3n + 1.0 σ1n = σ 3n + 17 σ 3n + 1.0 σ1n = σ 3n + 25σ 3n + 1.0
Laboratory size rock
specimens free from 0.658 0.677 0.692 0.696 0.705
τ n = 0.816( σ n + 0.140) τ n = 0.918( σ n + 0.099) τ n = 1.044( σ n + 0.067) τ n = 1.086( σ n + 0.059) τ n = 1.220( σ n + 0.040)
structural defects CSIR
rating 100+, NGI
Rating 500

VERY GOOD QUALITY

σ1n = σ 3n + 3.5σ 3n + 1.0 σ1n = σ 3n + 5σ 3n + 0.1 σ1n = σ 3n + 7.5σ 3n + 0.1 σ1n = σ 3n + 8.5σ 3n + 0.1 σ1n = σ 3n + 12.5σ 3n + 0.1
ROCK MASS
Tightly interlocking 0.679 0.692 0.702 0.705 0.712
τ n = 0.651( σ n + 0.028) τ n = 0.739( σ n + 0.020) τ n = 0.848( σ n + 0.013) τ n = 0.883( σ n + 0.012) τ n = 0.998( σ n + 0.008)
undisturbed rock with
unweathered joints
spaced at 1 to 3
metres.
CSIR Rating 65, NGI
Rating 10
GOOD QUALITY ROCK
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.7 σ 3n + 0.004 σ1n = σ 3n + 1.0 σ 3n + 0.004 σ1n = σ 3n + 1.5σ 3n + 0.004 σ1n = σ 3n + 1.7 σ 3n + 0.004 σ1n = σ 3n + 2.5σ 3n + 0.004
MASS
Fresh to slightly 0.669 0.683 0.695 0.698 0.707
τ n = 0.369( σ n + 0.006) τ n = 0.427( σ n + 0.004) τ n = 0.501( σ n + 0.003) τ n = 0.525( σ n + 0.002) τ n = 0.603( σ n + 0.002)
weathered rock,
slightly disturbed
FAIR QUALITY ROCK MASS
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.14σ 3n + 0.0001
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.20σ 3n + 0.0001 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.30 σ 3n + .0.0001 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.34σ 3n + 0.0001 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.50σ 3n + 0.0001
Several sets of
moderately weathered 0.662 0.675 0.700
τ n = 0.198( σ n + 0.0007) τ n = 0.234( σ n + 0.0005) τ n = 0.346( σ n + 0.0002)
joints spaced at 0.3 to 0.688 0.691
τ n = 0.280( σ n + 0.0003) τ n = 0.295( σ n + 0.0003)
1 metre.
CSIR Rating 44, NGI
Rating 1.0
POOR QUALITY ROCK
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.040 σ 3n + 0.00001
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.05σ 3n + 0.00001
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.08σ 3n + 0.00001 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.09σ 3n + 0.00001 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.130 σ 3n + 0.00001
MASS
Numerous weathered 0.646 0.655 0.672
τ n = 0.115( σ n + 0.0002) τ n = 0.129( σ n + 0.0002) τ n = 0.162( σ n + 0.0001)
joints spaced at 30 to 0.676 0.686
500 mm with some τ n = 0.172( σ n + 0.0001) τ n = 0.203( σ n + 0.0001)
gauge filling / clean
waste rock
CSIR Rating 23, NGI
Rating 0.1
VERY POOR QUALITY
σ1n = σ 3n + 0.007 σ 3n + 0 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.010 σ 3n + 0 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.015 σ 3n + 0 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.017 σ 3n + 0 σ1n = σ 3n + 0.025σ 3n + 0
ROCK MASS
Numerous heavily
weathered joints 0.534 0.539 0.546 0.548 0.556
spaced less than 50 τ n = 0.042( σ n ) τ n = 0.050( σ n ) τ n = 0.061( σ n ) τ n = 0.065( σ n ) τ n = 0.078( σ n )
mm with gauge filling/
waste rock with fines
CSIR Rating 3, NGI
Rating 0.01