Exercise 1

Plane Figures

1
 descriptive
Descriptive Geometry geometry and projection
and Projection
parallel orthographic projection with planes of projection normal to object edges
parallel orthographic projection with planes of projection normal to object edges

2
Descriptive Geometry and Projection
parallel orthographic projection with planes of projection plumb to one another,
descriptive
but not normal to all objects geometry and projection

parallel orthographic projection with planes of projection plumb to one another,

but not normal to all object edges

2 3
 descriptive
Descriptive Geometry geometry and projection
and Projection
parallel orthographic projection with planes of projection oblique to one another,
parallel
and oblique to most orthographic
object edges projection with planes of projection oblique to one another,
and oblique to most object edges

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 descriptive geometry and projection
Descriptive Geometry and Projection
conventions
conventions and termonology and terminology

vertical projection

horizontal projection

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 arrange
ARRANGE 4 TRACE 4 trace
POINTS points in
IN VERTICAL vertical projection
PROJECTION

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 connectAND
CONNECT THE POINTS the EXTEND
points and extend projector
PROJECTOR LINES lines
projector lines are always perpendicular to the axis
projector lines are always perpendicular to the axis

7 7
 define
DEFINE A PLANE a plane
THROUGH THE through the horizontal
HORIZONTAL TRACE trace
any three non-colinear points define a plane
any three non-colinear points define a plane

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 find fourth
FIND FOURTH POINT point using
USING CROSSING crossing lines
LINES
the ‘marionette’ method acts to ensure planarity of the surface through lines
the “marionette” method acts to ensure planarity of the surface through lines
inscribed on its face
inscribed on its face

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9
 complete
COMPLETE FIGURE figure in PROJECTION
IN HORIZONTAL horizontal projection
the composite of both projections now describe a unique plane figure; the next
theshape
step is to find the ‘true composite
’ of both projections now describes a unique plane figure; the next step is to find
the “true shape”

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 inscribe
INSCRIBE A LEVEL a level
LINE ON line on the plane
THE PLANE
a level line is horizontal in the vertical projection; it traces the intersection of
a level line is horizontal in the vertical projection;
the oblique plane with a second horizontal plane
it traces the intersection of the oblique plane with a second horizontal plane

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 find
FIND THE LEVEL the
LINE level
IN THE line in thePROJECTION
HORIZONTAL horizontal projection
a projector line from l in the vertical projection meets l in the horizontal
projection
a projector line from l in the vertical projection meets l in the horizontal projection

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 establish
ESTABLISH A NEW a new
VERTICAL vertical
PLANE plane of projection
PROJECTION
make this plane perpendicular to the level line in the horizontal projection
make this plane perpendicular to the level line in the horizontal projection

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 transfer
TRANSFER TRACES traces
TO NEW to new projection
PROJECTION
use a divider to duplicate distances from the original vertical projection
use a divider to duplicate distances from the original vertical projection

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 transferTRACES
TRANSFER REMAINING remaining traces to
TO REVEAL reveal
EDGE VIEWedge view of plane
OF PLANE
by chosing a projection plane perpendicular to the level line, we have assured an edge
view
by choosing a projection plane perpendicular to the level line, we have assured an edge view

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 establish
ESTABLISH A NEW PLANEaOF
new plane of projection
PROJECTION
create an axis parallel to the edge view of the oblique plane
create an axis parallel to the edge view of the oblique plane

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 transfer
TRANSFER TRACES traces
TO NEW to new projection
PROJECTION PLANE plane
again transfer measurements from the previous projection using a divider
again transfer measurements from the previous projection using a divider

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THE COMPLETEthe completed
FIGURE IS THEfigure is theOF
TRUE SHAPE true
THEshape of the oblique
OBLIQUE
the true shape is the only cut piece that can be oriented to form the plane figure
described the true shape is the only cut piece that can be oriented to form the plane figure described

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 repeat this
REPEAT THIS PROCESS FOR process for 3FACES
3 ADJOINING adjoining faces
start on one edge in the original projection, add 2 new traces, and describe a
start on one edge in the original projection, add 2 new traces, and describe a new
new quadrilateral plane figure.
quadrilateral plane figure.
repeat all processes necessary to fully define this second plane and find its
true shape. repeat all processes necessary to fully define this second plane and find its true shape.

add add 2planes

2 more quadrilateral moretoquadrilateral
the open vertices toplanes
close theto the open vertices to close the overall figure.
overall
figure.

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 build
BUILD A MODEL a model
OF THE of the FORM
COMPLETED completed form
using the true shapes of all 4 faces (copied, and scaled if necessary), construct
using
the object from bristol the
boardtrue shapes of all 4 faces (copied, and scaled if necessary),
construct the object from bristol board
make marking to indicate the orientation of the model in relation to the drawing.
make markings to indicate the orientation of the model in relation to the drawing.

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4.105 Geometric Disciplines and Architecture Skills: Reciprocal Methodologies

Fall 2012

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