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Internal causes

There are a majority of non-systematic or chaotic factors in internal causes.

It is in this group where the amplifying and moderating factors that act in response
to the changes are found, introducing one more variable to the problem since not
only must we consider the factors that act but also the answers that these
modifications may entail. Because all of this, climate is considered a complex
system.

Continental drift

1. Continental drift is a very slow process, so the position of the continents

fixes the behavior of the climate for millions of years. There are two aspects to
consider. On the one hand, the latitudes in which the continental mass is
concentrated: if the continental masses are located at low latitudes there will be
few continental glaciers and, in general, less extreme average temperatures.
Likewise, if the continents are very fragmented, there will be less continentality.

2. Atmospheric Composition The atmospheric composition contributes to the

change of temperatures, due to the greenhouse effect, which is the phenomenon
by which certain component gases of a planetary atmosphere retain part of the
energy that the soil emits due to having been heated by solar radiation. It affects all
planetary bodies endowed with atmosphere. According to the current scientific
consensus, the greenhouse effect is being accentuated on Earth by the emission
of certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, due to human economic
activity.

3. The greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is called the phenomenon

whereby certain gases that are components of a planetary atmosphere retain part
of the energy that the soil emits as it has been heated by solar radiation. It affects
all planetary bodies endowed with atmosphere. According to the current scientific
consensus, the greenhouse effect is being accentuated on Earth by the emission
of certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, due to human economic
activity.

4. Gases that cause the greenhouse effect: The so-called greenhouse

gases or greenhouse gases responsible for the described effect are water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and artificial chlorofluorocarbons.

5. Kyoto Protocol: The Kyoto Protocol on climate change is an international

agreement that aims to reduce the emissions of six gases that cause global
warming: carbon dioxide, methane gas and nitrous oxide, in addition to three
fluorinated industrial gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons and Sulfur
Hexafluoride (SF6), in an approximate percentage of 5%, within the period from
2008 to 2012.

6. Ocean currents: The Ocean currents, or marine currents, are a climate

regulating factor that acts as a moderator, softening the temperatures of regions
such as Europe. The clearest example is the thermohaline current that, aided by
the difference in temperature and salinity, sinks in the North Atlantic

7. The Earth's magnetic field In the same way that the solar wind can
directly affect the climate, variations in the Earth's magnetic field can affect it
indirectly since, according to its state, it stops or does not stop the particles emitted
by the Sun It has been proven that in past epochs there were reversals of polarity
and great variations in their intensity, becoming almost nullified in some moments.
It is also known that the magnetic poles, although they tend to be close to the
geographical poles, have sometimes approached Ecuador. These events had to
influence the way in which the solar wind reached Earth's atmosphere.

8. The human being is today one of the important climatic agents, joining the
list relatively recently. Its influence began with the deforestation of forests to
convert them into cultivation and grazing land, but at present its influence is much
greater when producing the abundant emission of gases that produce a
greenhouse effect: CO 2 in factories and means of transportation and methane in
Intensive livestock farms and rice fields. Currently both gas emissions and
deforestation have increased to such a level that it seems difficult to reduce them
in the short and medium term, due to the technical and economic implications of
the activities involved.