HV DOUBLE POLE ISOLATOR TRACTION POWER TRANSFORMER

TYPE: Manually operated single or Double break TYPE: ONAN cooled, single phase, step down Power
upright mounting with the movement of blade(s) transformer, Double limb wound, Core Type
in a horizontal plane with or without earthing Outdoor installation
switch and suitable for outdoor installation Winding Uniformly insulated
No. of pole Two/Three concentratric
Nominal system voltage 132kV 220kV Frequency 50Hz
Highest system voltage 145kV 245kV Rated primary voltage 132kV OR 220kV
Rated current 1250A 1250A Rated secondary voltage 27kV
Rated short time withstand 31.5kA 31.5kA (rms) Rated power 21.6/30 MVA
current for one second (rms) 30/42 MVA
Isolating distance in air 1800mm 2800mm
25kV LIGHTING ARRESTER
System Single phase ac traction
Nominal system 25kV (phase to earth) possible
HV CURRENT TRANSFORMER voltage variation in the traction supply 22.5 to
TYPE: Single phase, Oil filled, Self cooled, 27.5 kV sometimes touching 30kV
Outdoor Type Rated frequency 50Hz
Rated system voltage 132kV 220kV Type Non-linear metal oxide resistor type
Frequency 50Hz. ±3% without gap
Rated primary current 400-200 200-100 Line discharge class CLASS 3
Rated secondary current 5A 5A
Continous operating 35kV (rms)
Rated burden 30VA 30VA voltage capability
Class of isolation A A

25kV POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)

Type I II
HV CIRCUIT BREAKER (CB) PTR 27.5Kv/100V 27.5kV/110V
Rated system voltage 132kV 220kV Burden 30VA 100VA
Rated normal current 1600A 2000A
Rated short circuit 40kA 50kA
breaking current 25kV CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
Rated breaking capacity 5800MVA 12250 TYPE OCT – 47 AD/01
MVA CTR 1500/750/5A
Frequency 50Hz Burden 60VA
Insulation Level 35/250kV

1 2
 25kV INTERRUPTER
DYNAMIC REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION System Single phase ac traction system
EQUIPMENT ( DRPC) Nominal system 25kV variation from 19kV to 27.5kV
System Single phase ac Traction System voltage – occasionally touching 30kV
Nominal system 25kV (phase to earth) Rated frequency 50Hz ±3%
voltages No. of poles One
Rated frequency 50Hz Class Outdoor
Rated voltage class 52kV
Rated normal current 800A
Rated short circuit 20kA (peak)
25KV AC SINGLE POLE ISOLATOR (SPI) AND DOUBLE making current
POLE ISOLATOR (DPI)
Type Manually operated, horizontally mounted on
pole, vertical break type and suitable for outdoor 25KV CIRCUIT BREAKER (CB)
Number of One System Single phase ac traction system
phases Rated system voltage 25kV
No’s of pole Single pole/double pole Rated normal current 1600A
Isolating 500mm (min.) in air Rated short circuit 20kA
distance breaking current
Rated voltage 25kV (nominal) 30kV max. Rated breaking 550MVA
Rated current Type –I 1250A (used at SSP & SP) capacity
Type –II 1600A (used at FP & TSS) Rated Frequency 50 Hz

AUXILARY TRANSFORMER (AT)

Type Double wound, single phase, ONAN
cooled, step down transformer for Voltage Regulation
outdoor installation.
Rated voltage of a) Nominal voltage 25kV The permissible variation of the bus bar voltage on the busbars at
primary winding b) Minimum voltage 19kV the grid sub-station is +10% and -5% i.e., between 27,500 V. and 23,750
c) Maximum voltage 27.5kV V. The tappings on the transformers are on the secondary winding and are
Rated voltage of 240V set to ensure that the voltage is maintained as high as possible but not
secondary winding exceeding 27.5 kV at the feeding post at any time.
Rated frequency 50Hz ±3%
Rated Power at rated 5kVA, 10kVA, 25kVA and 100kVA
nominal voltage

3 4
 Rating Of Equipments At Traction Sub-Staion
Voltage Unbalance (%)
with 30/42MVA Power Transformer
Instantaneous 5
Sr. Name of Equipment Rating 2 hours 3
1. 132kV Double pole Isolator 1250A Continuous 2
2. 132kV Current Transformer 400-200/5A
3. 132kV Circuit Breaker 1600A  To keep the unbalance on the 3-phase grid system within the above limits,
power for ac single-phase traction is tapped off the grid system across the
4. 132kV Potential Transformer 132kV/110V
different phases at adjacent sub-stations in cyclic order.
5. 132kV Lightning Arrester 120kV
6. 132kV Bushing CT 600/5A TSS Bus-bar layout
7. Traction Transformer 132kV/25kV,  The bay widths are standardized for each primary voltage i.e. 66 kV, 110kV,
30/42MVA 132 kV and 220 kV.
8. 25kV Bushing CT 3000/5A  The most generally used system voltage is 132 kV and bay widths for 132 kV
9. 25kV Lightning Arrester 42kV are standardized as 14.0 m for HV bay and 6.0 m for 25 kV bay.
10 25kV Current Transformer 1500-750/5A  The stung bus on the HV side stung at a height of 9.35 m from ground level
11. 25kV Circuit Breaker 2000A comprises of 54/3.18 mm (28.62 mm dia) ACSR conductor (Zebra) with a
gross area of aluminium of 428 mm2.
12. 25kV Single pole Isolator 3150A
13. 25kV Potential Transformer type-II 27.5kV/110V  On the 25 kV side 50 mm outside dia. aluminium tubular bus bar is provided
at a height of 3.8 m.
14. Series Reactor 875 kVAR
15. Shunt Capacitor 7700kVAR  Tension of stung bus is specified as 450 kgf and the earth screen wires as 200
kgf at 4°C without wind.
16. NCT 4/2/1A
 The maximum span from the last tower to sub-station gantry is generally
17. 25kV Potential Transformer type-I 27.5kV/100V
limited to around 75 m.
18. 25kV Bi polar Isolator 1600A
 If the distance of the incoming HV transmission line from the grid sub-station
19. 25kV Interruptor 2000A
is more than 4 km, lightning arrestors are provided on the incoming lines, at
Feeding and Sectioning Arrangements the traction sub-station.
 The deflections of bus-bars supported on post insulators should not exceed
 The generation and transmission systems are 3-phase systems. The single- half the diameter of the bus bars or span/1440 whichever is less.
phase traction load causes unbalance in the supply system. This unbalance
has undesirable effects on the generators and equipment of other consumers,  The current density generally adopted for outdoor copper bus-bars is 2
if its value becomes excessive. A/mm2.
 The insulators, bus bars and connections should not be stressed to more than
 The permissible voltage unbalance at the point of common coupling on the grid
1/4 of the breaking load or 1/3 of their elastic limit whichever is lower.
supply system should not exceed the following limits:—

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 Winding And Oil Temperature Protection
The minimum clearances in air for Clearance in mm
live equipment shall be as under: 25 kV 66 110 132 220  The life of the transformer depends upon the state of its insulation, whose rate
kV kV kV kV of deterioration is accelerated at excessively high temperatures. Therefore, the
transformers have been provided with winding and oil temperature alarm and
1 Between phases NA 2000 3000 3000 4000
tripping device which operate through mercury contacts. The settings adopted
[ since
for the above are :
single
phase]
Winding Winding Oil Oil
2 Between one phase and earth for 500 630 900 1300 2100 temperature temperature temperature Temperature
rigid connection alarm tripping alarm tripping
3 Between any point where man 100°C 105°C 85°C 90°C
may be required to stand to the
Earth Resistance
nearest
a) unsecured conductor in air 3000 3500 3500 4000 5000  At each power supply installation, an earthing system shall be provided. The
b) secured conductors in air 2000 3500 3500 4000 5000 combined resistance of the earthing system shall be not more than the
following values:-
4 Minimum height of bus bar 3800 4600 4600 4600 5500
S.N. Name of the station The limit of combined earth
Characteristics Of Traction Transformers resistance in Ohm
1. Traction substation 0.5
 To cater for the peaks in the demands, the transformers are capable of 2. Switching station 2.0
withstanding non-recurring over-loads of 50% for 15 minutes and 100% for 5 3. Booster transformer station 10.0
minutes after the transformer has reached steady temperature on continuous 4. Auxiliary transformer station 10.0
operation at full load.
Earth Electrodes
 Off load tap changing from + 10% to –15% in steps of 5% is provided on the
 The earth electrode shall normally be of mild steel galvanised perforated pipe
low voltage side. The maximum efficiency is specified at about 50% of full
of not less than 40 mm nominal bore, of about 4 m length provided with a
load.
spike at one end and welded lug suitable for taking directly MS flat of required
 The temperature rise over an ambient of 50oC for 100% over load for 5 size at the other end.
minutes or 50% over load for 15 minutes after continuous full load operation  The pipe shall be embedded as far as possible vertically into the ground, except
is specified not to exceed 50oC for winding (resistance measurement) and when hard rock is encountered, where it may be buried inclined to the vertical,
40oC for oil by thermometer. the inclination being limited to 30° from the vertical.

 The transformers of ratings of 21.6 MVA are specified as ONAN cooled and  Earth electrodes shall be embedded as far apart as possible from each other.
so designed that with ONAF cooling at a later date the capacity is capable of Mutual separation between them shall usually be not less than 6.0 m (which is
being increased by 40% more by provision of forced cooling (ONAF). twice the length of the electrode).

7 8
 If the value of earth resistance can not be achieved with a reasonable number Buried Rail
of electrodes connected in parallel, the earth surrounding the electrodes shall
be chemically treated. The earth electrode shall be surrounded in an earth-pit
 A steel rail of section 52 kg/m (the one used for the railway track) and
by alternate layers of finely divided coke, crushed coal or charcoal and salt at
length about 13 m shall be buried near the track at the traction substation at
least 150 mm all round.
a depth of about one metre to form part of the earthing system.
 In high embankments, it may be difficult to achieve earth resistance even after
chemical treatment of electrodes. In those locations, use of electrodes longer  Two separate and distinct connections shall be made by means of 75 mm x
than 4 m so as to reach the parent soil is recommended. 8 mm MS flat between the earthing grid and the buried rail. The buried rail
shall also be connected by means of two separate and distinct connections
Earthing Arrangement at Traction Substation
made of 75 mm x 8 mm MS flat to the rail(s) in a single-rail track circuited
Earthing Grid. section and to the neutral point(s) of the impedance bond(s) in a double-rail
track circulated section.
 An earthing grid is formed by means of bare mild steel rod of appropriate size
buried at a depth of about 600-mm below the ground level and connected to
earth electrodes. The connection between the earth electrode and the grid shall System Earthing.
be by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 75 mm x 8
mm MS flat.  One terminal of the secondary winding (25 kV winding) of each traction
power transformer shall be earthed directly by connecting it to the earthing
 The size of the earthing grid conductor shall be decided based on the incoming grid by means of one 75 mm x 8 mm MS flat, and to the buried rail by means
system voltage and fault level. The fault level considered shall take into of another 75 mm x 8 mm MS flat.
account the anticipated increase in fault current during the life span of the
station. The size shall be as given below:  One designated terminal of the secondary of each potential, current and
auxiliary transformer shall be connected to the earthing grid by means of two
Sr. System Fault Level (MVA) Diameter of the grid separate and distinct earth connections made with 50 mm x 6mm MS flat.
Voltage (kV) conductor (MS rod) in mm
1 66 Upto 4000 32
Above 4000 upto 5000 36 Equipment Earthing.
Above 5000 upto 6000 40
2 110 Upto 6000 32  The metallic frame work of all outdoor equipments such as transformers,
circuit breakers, Interrupters and Isolators, as well as steel structures shall be
Above 6000 upto 8000 36
connected to the earthing grid by means of two separate and distinct
Above 8000 upto 10000 40 connections made with MS flat of size as indicated below; one connection
3 132 Upto 7000 32 shall be made with the nearest longitudinal conductor, while the other shall be
Above 7000 upto 10000 36 made to the nearest transverse conductor of the grid:
4 220 Upto 12000 32
Above 12000 upto 16000 36
Above 16000 upto 20000 40
10
9
Sr. Equipment System voltage Ground This earth electrode shall be connected to the ground terminal of the LA as well
and fault level conductor size as to the main earthing grid by means of two separate and distinct connections
1. Equipments on the 66 kV, upto 3000 MVA 50 mm x 6 mm made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat for the 25 kV side LA, and with 75 mm x 8
primary side of traction 110 kV, upto 5000 MVA mm MS flat for the primary side LA. For LA provided for the traction power
power transformer. 132 kV, upto 6000 MVA transformers, there shall also be a connection as direct as possible from the
220 kV, upto 10000 MVA ground terminal of the LA to the frame of the transformer being protected; this
66 kV, above 3000 upto 6000 MVA 75 mm x 8 mm connection shall also be made by means of two separate and distinct connections
110 kV, above 5000 upto 10000 MVA made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat for 25 kV side, and with 75 mm x 8mm MS
132 kV, above 6000 upto 12000 MVA flat for primary side LA.
220 kV, above10000 upto 20000 MVA. Earth Screen.
2. Equipments on the 50 mm x 6 mm
● The area covered by outdoor substation equipments shall be shielded against
secondary side of
direct strokes of lightning by an overhead earth screen comprising 19/2.5 mm
traction power
galvanised steel stranded wire strung across the pinnacles of the metallic
transformer.
structures. The earth screen wires shall be strung at a height as indicated in the
3. Fencing uprights/ steel 50 mm x 6 mm approved traction substation layouts (not less than 2.5 m above the live
structures conductors) and shall be solidly connected to the traction substation earthing grid
4. Doors/ fencing panels 6 SWG G.l. at each termination by means of 50 mm x 6fmm MS flat.
Wire
Earthing Inside Control Room. Earthing Of Fencing Uprights And Panels.
● An earthing ring shall be provided inside the control room by means of 50 mm x ● Each metallic fencing upright shall be connected to the traction substation main
6 mm MS flat which shall be run along the wall at a height of about 300 mm from earthing grid by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm
the floor level. The earthing ring shall be connected to the main earthing grid by x 6 mm MS flat. In addition, all the metallic fencing panels shall be connected to
means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS the uprights by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 6 SWG
flat. The earthing ring shall also be connected to an independent earth electrode G.I. wire. All the metallic door panels shall also be connected to the supporting
by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS uprights by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 6 SWG GI
flat.The metallic framework of control and relay panels, LT A.C. and D.C. wire.
distribution boards, battery chargers, remote control equipment cabinets and such Earthing At The Point Of 240 V Ac 50 Hz Supply For Oil Filtration Plant.
other equipments shall be connected to the earthing ring by means of two separate
and distinct connections made with 8 SWG galvanised steel wire. ● The 240 V ac 50 Hz distribution board for power supply to oil filtration plant
shall be connected to the main earthing grid by means of two separate and distinct
The connections shall be taken along the wall and in recesses in the floor. All connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat.
recesses shall be covered with cement plaster after finishing the work.
Earthing Arrangement at Switching Station
Connections between the MS flats shall be made by welding.
Earthing of lightning arrester (LA). ● A minimum number of three earth electrodes (excluding the one to be provided
separately for the remote control cubicle earthing) shall be provided at each
● In addition to the earth electrodes provided for the main earthing grid, an switching station, and they shall be interconnected by means of 50 mm x 6 mm
independent earth electrode shall be provided for each LA. MS flat forming a closed loop main earthing ring.
11 12
● This ring shall be connected by two separate and distinct connections made with
50 mm x 6 mm MS flat, to the traction rail in a single-rail track circuited section
and to the neutral point of the impedance bond in a double-rail track circuited
section of the nearest track, so as to limit the potential gradient developing in the
vicinity of the switching station in the event of a fault.
System Earthing.
● One designated terminal of the secondary of each potential, current and auxiliary
transformer shall be connected to the main earthing ring by means of two separate
and distinct connections made with 50 mm x 6mm MS flat.
Equipment Earthing.
● All masts, structures, fencing uprights, and all outdoor equipment pedestals
including auxiliary transformer tank shall be connected to the earthing ring by
means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS
flat. All fencing panels shall be connected to the supporting uprights by means of
two separate and distinct connections made with 6 SWG GI wire. All the metallic
door panels shall be connected to the supporting uprights by means of two
separate and distinct connections made with 6 SWG GI wire.
● The metal casing of CT’s & PT’s shall be connected to the mast/structures by
means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm MS
flat.
● The ground terminal of lightning arrester shall be connected directly to the earth
electrode by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm x
6 mm MS flat. The earth electrode shall be so placed that the earthing leads from
the lightning arrester may be brought to the earth electrode by as short and
straight path as possible.
Earthing Inside Remote Control Cubicle.
● An earthing ring shall be provided inside the remote control cubicle by means of
50 mm x 6 mm MS flat; the earthing ring shall be run along the wall on teak
wood blocks fixed to the wall at a height of 300 mm from the floor level. The
earthing ring shall be connected to the main earthing ring as well as to an
independent earth electrode by means of two separate and distinct connections
madel with 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat.
13
The metal casing of LT A.C. and D.C. distribution board, battery chargers,
terminal board, remote control equipment cabinets and other such equipments
shall be connected to the earthing ring by means of two separate and distinct
connections made with 8 SWG G.I. wire. The connections shall be taken along
the wall and in recesses in the floor. All recesses shall be covered with cement
plaster after finishing the work. Connections of earth strips to each other shall be
made by welding.
Earthing of Neutral of Local Power Supply System
● At TSS and switching stations where power supply at 415 V/ 240 V, ac, 50 Hz, is
taken from the local supply authority and having neutral earth at some distant
point in the premises 'of the supply authority, the neutral of such supply shall also
be earthed by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 6 SWG
G.I. wire by connecting to an independent earth electrode.
Earthing Arrangement at Auxiliary Transformer Station
● The combined earth resistance at an auxiliary transformer station shall be not
more than 10 ohm.
● Normally one earth electrode is sufficient for an auxiliary transformer station. The
earth electrode shall be connected to the mast on which the auxiliary transformer
is mounted by means of two separate and distinct connections made with 50 mm
x 6 mm MS flat. In addition the mast shall be connected to the nearest traction rail
or to the neutral point of the nearest impedance bond in a double rail track
circuited section by means of a 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat.
● The earthing terminal on the transformer tank shall be connected to the mast on
which the transformer is mounted by means of two separate and distinct
connections made with 50 mm x 6 mm
● MS flat. One terminal of the secondary winding of the auxiliary transformer shall
be connected to the earthing terminal on the transformer tank and as well as to the
mast by means of 50 mm x 6 mm MS flat.
Crushed Rock Surface Layer
● At the TSS and switching stations, a surface layer of crushed rock shall be
provided to a thickness of about 100 mm. If considered necessary from the point
of view of containing the step and touch voltages within the acceptable limits,
higher thicknesses may be provided depending on calculation based on site
conditions.
14
 OHM IMPEDANES
(For Official Use Only)
The following values of OHE impedances may be used for the purpose of calculating
relay settings:
सत्यमेव जयते
i. Single track OHE without return conductor : 0.4 l ∠70° Ohm/km
Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
ii. Double track OHE without RC : 0.24 ∠70° Ohm/km jsy ea=ky; MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

iii. Single track OHE with RC : 0.70 ∠70° Ohm/km

iv. Double track OHE with RC : 0.43 ∠70° Ohm/km
Lead Acid Batteries
On electrified sections batteries and battery chargers are installed at the following
locations:- End User : TrD – PSI Staff

1. Traction Sub-stations -
CAMTECH/E/2018-19/PSI Parameter/1.0
110V, 200Ah.lead acid cells for control, protection and indication circuits. June, 2018

2. Switching Stations -
110V, 40Ah lead acid batteries for operation of circuit breakers and interruptors
and motor operated isolators.

Specific Gravity

 The specific gravity of the electrolyte should be maintained at about 1.210 at 27° C
and when it drops to 1.150 the cell may be considered discharged. These values vary
with the type of battery, temperature, age and working conditions.

Cell Voltage

 The voltage of new cells at the end of a full charge will be about 2.5 to 2.75 V when
it is receiving charge at the 10 hour rate. This gradually decreases as the age of the
battery increases until it comes down to 2.4 V with normal temperature and charging
rate. No cell should ever be discharged below the point where the cell voltage
reaches 1.85 V as measured when the cell is discharging at the normal 10 hour rate.

Disclaimer:
It is clarified that this pamphlet does not supersede any existing provisions laid down by
RDSO, Railway Board or Zonal Railways. The pamphlet is for guidance only and it is not a
statutory document.
If you have any suggestion or comment, please write to: egkjktiqj, Xokfy;j & 474 005
Director (Electrical), CAMTECH, Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) – 474 005
Ph.0751-2470740, Fax 0751-2470841 Maharajpur, GWALIOR - 474 005
E-mail: direlcamtech@gmail.com