mAnswer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

1. Kidney function is as an excretory organ. Volume of distilled urine varies according to the volume
of water consumed. If a student drinks too little water, his blood pressure osmosis will increase,
causing it to feel thirsty. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in reabsorption of water
from the renal tubule into the blood capillary.
Fungsi ginjal adalah sebagai organ perkumuhan. Isipadu air kencing yang dikumuhkan berbeza
mengikut isipadu air yang diminum . Jika seorang pelajar minum terlalu sedikit air, tekanan
osmosis darahnya akan meningkat, menyebabkan ia terasa dahaga. Hormon antidiuretik (ADH)
terlibat dalam penyerapan semula air dari tubul ginjal ke dalam kapilari darah.

A group of students had conducted an experiment to study the effect of taking different amounts
of drinking water on the production of urine volume. The student performs the following steps:
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pengambilan isipadu
air minuman yang berbeza ke atas penghasilan isipadu air kencing. Pelajar tersebut
menjalankan langkah-langkah berikut:

Step 1:
Langkah 1:
Four male students of the same age were selected. All students are not allowed to eat and drink
starting at 12 pm.
Empat pelajar lelaki dengan umur yang sama dipilih. Semua pelajar tidak dibenarkan makan
dan minum bermula jam 12 malam.

Step 2:
Langkah 2:
The next morning, all students are required to vacate the bladder.
Pagi keesokan harinya , kesemua pelajar dikehendaki mengosongkan pundi kencing.

Step 3:
Langkah 3:
Each student is given a different mineral water as follows:
Student A: 150 ml, Student B: 300 ml, Student C: 450 ml and Student D: 600 ml.
Setiap pelajar diberi minum air mineral yang berbeza ispadunya seperti berikut:
Pelajar A :150 ml , Pelajar B : 300 ml, Pelajar C: 450 ml dan Pelajar D: 600 ml.

Step 4:
Langkah 4:
All students were relaxed for 45 minutes in laboratory at room temperature, 30C.
Semua pelajar direhatkan selama 45 minit dalam makmal pada suhu bilik, 30C.

Step 5:
Langkah 5:
After 45 minutes, using the measuring cylinder, the student is required to urinate, and the
reading is recorded.
Selepas 45 minit, dengan menggunakan selinder penyukat, pelajar dikehendaki kencing dan
bacaannya direkodkan.

1
Table 1 shows the results of the experiment.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.

Student
A B
Pelajar
The volume of drinking water (ml)
150 300
Isipadu air yang diminum (ml)

The volume of urin (ml)

Isipadu air kencing (ml)

Student C D
Pelajar
The volume of drinking water (ml) 450 600
Isipadu air yang diminum (ml)

The volume of urin (ml)

Isipadu air kencing (ml)

Table 1
Jadual 1

(a) Record the volume of urine in the box provided in Table 1. 1(a)
Rekod isipadu air kencing dalam kotak yang telah disediakan dalam Jadual 1.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

2
 (b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian berbeza.

Observation 1:
Pemerhatian 1:
.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Observation 2:
Pemerhatian 2:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
1(b)(i)
.....................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(b) (i) State two inferences corresponding to observation in 1(b)(i).

State two inferences corresponding to observation in 1(b)(i).

Inference of observation 1:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Inference of observation 2:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
1(b)(ii)
.....................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

3
(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.
Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable How to control variables

Pembolehubah Cara mengendalikan pembolehubah

Manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan: …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

Responsing variable:
Pembolehubah bergerak balas: …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan: …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

……………………………………… …………………………………………………………...

Table 2 1(c)
Jadual 2
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
1(d)
................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

4
 (e) (i) Build a table and record all the data collected in the experiment.
Your table should contain the following headings:
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpulkan dalam eksperimen itu.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:
 Students
Pelajar
 Volume of drinking water
Isipadu air diminum
 Volume of urine
Isipadu air kencing
 Volume of water absorbed in renal tubules
Isipadu air yang diserap semula di tubul ginjal

Volume of water Volume of drinking

= - Volume of urine
absorb water

Isipadu air yang Isipadu air yang

= - Isipadu air kencing
diserap semula diminum

1(b)(i)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

5
(e) (ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer this question.
Using data in 1 (e) (i), draw a bar graph to indicate the volume of water absorbed in
the kidney tubule against the volume of water consumed.
Guna kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini.
Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis graf bar untuk menunjukkan isipadu air yang
diserap semula di tubul ginjal melawan isipadu air yang diminum. 1(e)(ii)

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii), state the relationship between the volume of water
consumed by each student with the volume of water absorbed in the kidney tubule of the
student.
Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf di 1(e)(ii), nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu air yang diminum oleh
setiap pelajar dengan isipadu air yang diserap semula di tubul ginjal pelajar.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1(f)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(g) Based on the results of this experiment, state the operating definition for urine production.
Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penghasilan
air kencing.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1(g)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

6
 (h) In another experiment, Student A was restored in an air-conditioned laboratory with a
temperature of 15°C. Predict the volume of urine obtained.
Explain your answer.
Dalam eksperimen yang lain, Pelajar A direhatkan dalam makmal berhawa dingin dengan
suhu 15C. Ramalkan isipadu air kencing yang diperolehi.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(i) The following list is the types of water that can be taken.
Senarai berikut adalah jenis-jenis air yang boleh diminum.

Sea water Rainwater 0.05% salt water

Air laut Air hujan Air garam 0.05%

List the water types above based on the volume of urine after 45 minutes in Table 3.
Senaraikan jenis air di atas berdasarkan isipadu air kencing selepas 45 minit dalam Jadual
3.

Type of water Volume of urine

Jenis air Isipadu air kencing

Less
……………………………………………. Sedikit

……………………………………………

More
…………………………………………….
Banyak

1(b)(i)
Table 3
Jadual 3
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

TOTAL 1

7
2. Respiration is the cellular process of releasing energy from food. The main food used by cells for
respiration is glucose. If oxygen is present, the animal, plant and yeast cells can carry out aerobic
respiration. The overall process of aerobic respiration is as follows:

Glucose + Oxygen  Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water

If oxygen is absent, then the cells carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation.

Respirasi ialah proses pembebasan tenaga daripada makanan di dalam sel. Bentuk makanan
yang utama digunakan dalam respirasi adalah glukosa. Dalam keadaan kehadiran oksigen, sel-
sel haiwan, tumbuhan dan yis menjalankan respirasi aerobik. Proses respirasi aerobik secara
keseluruhan adalah seperti berikut:

Glukosa + oksigen  Tenaga + Karbon dioksida + Air 


Sebaliknya jika tiada oksigen, sel-sel ini menjalankan respirasi anaerobik ataupun penapaian.

Lisa:
I'm doing an experiment in school, "Does pH affect the rate of respiration in yeast?" I have to know
what to be controlled and what to be observed in the experiment, and how. They said I need to plan
the experiment, but I’m not sure how. I'm very stuck, can anyone help me please?

Lisa:
Saya menjalankan satu eksperimen di sekolah, “Adakah pH mempengaruhi kadar respirasi yis?”
Saya perlu tahu apa yang perlu dikawal dan apa yang perlu diperhatikan dalam eksperimen ini, dan
bagaimana. Mereka kata saya perlu rancang eksperimen ini, tapi saya tidak tahu bagaimana. Saya
sangat buntu, bolehkah sesiapa bantu saya?

You are requested to help Lisa. You need to know well about the experiment before helping Lisa. By
using suitable materials and apparatus available in your school laboratory, write out the planning of the
experiment.

Anda dikehendaki untuk membantu Lisa. Anda perlu betul-betul faham berkenaan eksperimen ini
sebelum membantu Lisa. Dengan menggunakan bahan dan radas yang terdapat di dalam makmal
sekolah anda, tuliskan satu perancangan bagi eksperimen ini.

Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects:

Perancangan eksperimen anda perlu meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

 Problem Statement
Pernyataan masalah
 Variables
Pembolehubah
 Hypothesis
Hipotesis
 List of materials and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan radas
 Experimental procedures
TOTAL 2
Prosedur eksperimen
 Presentation of data
Persembahan data

[17 marks]
[17 markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT