Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pahang 2010
SECTION A
Answer all question in this section
1. The reaction between hydrogen and iodine can be represented by the following
equation:
–1
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) ΔH = +52 kJ mol
Kinetic data are available for both forward and reverse reactions. A series of
experiments to investigate the kinetics of the forward reaction was carried out at
a constant temperature. The results are shown in Figure 1.
1 –3 –3 –6
2.0 × 10 3.0 × 10 l.2 × 10
2 –3 –3 –6
6.0 × 10 3.0 × 10 3.6 × 10
3 –3 –3 –6
6.0 × 10 6.0 × 10 7.2 × 10
Figure 1
(1)
(2)
1
(b) (i) Use the results in Figure 1 to work out the order of the forward
reaction with respect to both hydrogen and iodine, explaining your
reasoning.
(3)
(ii) Write the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen and
iodine.
(1)
(iii) Calculate the value of the rate constant for the forward reaction and
give its units.
(2)
(c) The experiment was repeated with the following initial concentrations for
reactants:
–3 –3 –3 –3
[H2] = 4.0 × 10 mol dm [I2] = 5.0 × 10 mol dm
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
2
2. (a) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs when the weak acid HA is
added to water.
.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)
(b) Write an expression for the dissociation constant, Ka, for the weak acid
HA.
.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
.
(3)
Compound......................................................................................................
Name..............................................................................................................
(2)
3
(e) The diagram below shows the trend in the first ionisation energies of the
elements from neon to aluminium.
F irs t
io n is a tio n
e n e rg y
N e N a M g A l Si P S
E le m e n t
(i) Draw crosses on the graph to show the first ionisation energies of silicon,
phosphorus and sulphur.
(1)
(ii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon and that of magnesium are
both higher than that of sodium.
.......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................... (2)
(Total 10 marks)
4
3. a. The ionic radius of the Group 2 element is given in the table below.
(i) Write the electronic configuration of Mg2+ ion and Sr2+ ion.
Mg2+
ion :....................................................................................................................
Sr2+
ion :.....................................................................................................................
(ii) How would you expect the ionic radius of Al3+ ion to be compared to that of Mg2+
ion. Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) The hydrated Be2+ ion has the formula, [Be(H2O)4]2+. State one property shown by
beryllium salts in water.
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
(i) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of magnesium carbonate.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(iv) The thermal stability of the carbonates increases with the proton number of the
element. Suggest an explanation for the effect of the size of the cation on the
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
5
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
(i) Name the two acids, the condition and write a balanced equation for the reaction.
Name of
acids:............................................................................................................
Condition:.................................................................................................................
..
Equation:..................................................................................................................
..
(3)
...................................................................................................................................
(iii) Using balanced equations, describe the mechanism for the substitution reaction.
.......................................................................................................................................
(4)
b. Give the structural formulae of the organic products formed from the following
reactions.
H 20
(ii) CH3 + H2SO4 conc
6
(iii) (CH3)2CCHCH3 + Br2(aq)
(3)
SECTION B
Answer any 4 question in this section.
5. (a) Define the term electronegativity and explain why the electronegativity
values of the Group II elements Be–Ba decrease down the group.
(4)
(b) Name the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride
molecules and draw a diagram to illustrate how two molecules of HF are
attracted to each other.
In your diagram show all lone pairs of electrons and any partial charges.
Explain the origin of these charges.
Suggest why this strong intermolecular force is not present between HI
molecules.
(7)
(c) Crystals of sodium chloride and of diamond both have giant structures.
Their melting points are 1074 K and 3827 K, respectively. State the type of
structure present in each case and explain why the melting point of
diamond is so high.
(4)
(ii) Use the data above to calculate a value for the enthalpy of
combustion of one mole of liquid methanol.
(7)
(b) Methanol can be synthesised from methane and steam by a process that
occurs in two stages.
7
explain why 500 K is considered to be a compromise for Stage 2.
(5)
7. (a) An solution of sodium chloride of concentration 2.00 mol dm-3 is electrolysed for 25
minutes using graphite electrodes. The resulting solution is then treated with
hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.25 moldm-3. If the volume of hydrochloric acid
needed to complete titration is15.50 cm3, calculate the magnitude of the current
used during the electrolysis. (7)
(b) the partition coefficient for a solute S between ether and water is 12.50.
(ii) suggest the conditions at which the partition law holds true.
(iii) calculate the mass of S remaining in 25.0 cm3 of water that originally
contains 8.00 g of S after separate extraction with 25.0 cm3 of ether and
two separated portion of 12.50 cm3 of ether.
(8)
8. (a) By referring to the physical and chemical properties of aluminium, describe the
property of an aqueous solution of aluminium salt. (5)
(iii) Aluminium chloride is a white solid that fumes in moist air and sublimes at 180
°C. (4)
8
9. (a) The table below shows the molecular formulae and dissociation constants, Kb at
250C for ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine.
b. Give reagents, condition, and equations to show how each of the following compounds
can be prepared from methylbenzene in the laboratory.
(i) CONH2
(ii) CH2OH
Explain one simple test to show the presence of hydroxyl group, -OH in compound (ii).
Write equations for reactions occurred. (10)
(10)
10. a. A sweet smelling liquid organic compound X has a molecular formula of C10H12O2
undergoes acidic hydrolysis to produce an acid and an alcohol,Y. The alcohol Y reacts
with bromine water to produce a white precipitate. Reduction of X with lithium
tetrahydridoaluminate (III) followed by acid hydrolysis produces two alcohols Y and Z.
On dehydration by concentrated sulphuric acid, Z produces 2-methylpropene.
Determine the structures of X, Y and Z. Write equation for all the reactions involved.
Name compound X. (11)
9
b. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that are very important in the
synthesis of organic compounds.
(i) State how ethyl magnesium bromide can be prepared from a named haloalkane.
(ii) Write the reaction sequence in the preparation of 2-methyl-2-butanol from ethyl
magnesium bromide. (4)
10