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EXPERIMENT : 05
NO

TITLE EFFECTS OF THERMAL

: INSULATOR ON HEAT TRANSFER
+ PLOT THE GRAPH BETWEEN
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AND
LINEAR DISTANCE
DATE OF
: ______________
EXPERIMENT

GROUP NO : ______________
BATCH : ______________

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GROUP
: _______________________
MEMBERS
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Contents
1. OBJECTIVE: ............................................................................................................. 3
2. ABSTRACT: .............................................................................................................. 3
3. INTRODUCTION: .................................................................................................... 3
4. THEORY: .................................................................................................................. 3
5. APPARATUS DESCRIPTION: ................................................................................ 4
5.1. LINEAR MODULE: ........................................................................................... 4
5.2. THERMOCOUPLES: ......................................................................................... 4
5.3. CONTROL BOX: ............................................................................................... 5
5.4. POWER SUPPLY: .............................................................................................. 5
5.5. HYDRAULIC BENCH: ..................................................................................... 5
6. EXPERIMENT: ........................................................................................................ 6
6.1. PROCEDURE: ................................................................................................... 6

6.2. OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: ................................................... 6

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: ............................................................................... 7

7.1. Excel Graphs:.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.2. GRAPHS: ......................................................................................................... 12

8. CONCLUSION: ....................................................................................................... 15
9. REFERNECES ........................................................................................................ 15

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1. OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of an insulating

material such as cork by finding the conduction coefficient (k) for that
material.

2. ABSTRACT:

In this experiment, we are interested in studying the effect of insulation on the

linear conduction. A solid (brass) is chosen for the experiment of pure
conduction because both liquids and gasses exhibit excessive convective heat
transfer. Thus, we add a paper on the colder side of the linear module. This in
turn effects the conduction in brass. It is to be noted that we cannot calculate
the heat conduction of the paper added as insulation. Thus, we observe the
behavior in form of graph only. In Linear module we use sections 1 and 3 for
placing the temperature sensors. These temperature sensors show difference in
voltage in the form of temperature.

3. INTRODUCTION:
It is very important today in certain engineering applications, such as heating
and air conditioning, to limit heat transfer to a minimum. In that respect
engineers look for materials that do not conduct heat well or have a very small
heat transfer conduction coefficient. In this experiment we will calculate the
conduction coefficient for cork and compare it with values from the reference.

4. THEORY:

Using Fourier’s Law and solving for the conduction coefficient we have,

Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in

thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal
insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or
processes, we used paper as an insulating material. Thermal insulation
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provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced

rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body. The insulating
capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal
conductivity (k)

5. APPARATUS DESCRIPTION:

5.1. LINEAR MODULE:

Linear module contains three
sections with three
sensors attached at distance of
10mm on each section. Section 1
and 3 are made of brass while
section 2 can vary according to
our needs
(either steel or brass).

Figure 1: Linear Module

5.2. THERMOCOUPLES:
The nine thermocouples placed show
voltage difference as temperature.

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These thermocouples are temperature sensors.

Figure 2: Thermocouple

5.3. CONTROL BOX:

Thermocouples are connected to a device
which shows these temperatures individually
called Control Box.

Figure 3: Control Box

5.4. POWER SUPPLY:

A power supply device is used for adjusting
power provided to section 1. This is the source
of temperature for the experiment.

Figure 4: Power Supply

5.5. HYDRAULIC BENCH:

Section 3 is connected to the hydraulic bench
which constantly circulates water through it so
as to cool it down. It acts as a sink for the heat.
It is a must safety precaution to make sure it is
on before we start the experiment. Figure 5:
Hydraulic Bench

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6. EXPERIMENT:

6.1. PROCEDURE:
 Switch on the display unit.
 Supply the cold water from the hydraulic bench.
 Dip the sensor tip to the thermocouple paste and plug into the sensor ports.
 Plug the sensors 1 to 9 from left to right.
 Adjust the paper as insulation medium between the intermediate section and the
sink.
 Add thermocouple paste between the heater and the intermediate section.
 Switch on the power supply and maintain the required power.
 Wait for 10 to 15 minutes until the steady state achieved (Note: when the steady
state is achieved the temperature on the sensors become stable.)
 Note all the reading of the temperatures on the sensors at the steady state.
 Calculate the heat transfers on the given temperatures
 Plot the graph between the temperature gradient and linear distance

6.2. OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

No. of Heater Power T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

Observation Q̇ (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃) (℃)
s (watt)

1 14.4 52.3 52.2 51.7 41.9 40.6 40.4 29.8 29.5 28.3
2 20.7 61.2 60.6 59.6 49.8 45.7 43.6 30.9 30.4 29.4
3 28.45 64 63 61.8 51.5 46.6 44.85 31.2 30.7 29.5
Thickness/Distance 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090
∆𝒙
(m)

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7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

7.1. CALCULATIONS AND MATLAB CODE:

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7.2. RESULTS:

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7.3. GRAPH:

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GRAPH

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8. CONCLUSION:

The temperature difference between the heater section and the sink section increases
as we introduced an insulator (i.e. paper) between the specimen and the sink.
Indicating that the heat transfer depends upon the thermal resistance of the material
being used. Higher the thermal resistance of a material lower will be the heat transfer
through conduction.

9. REFERNECES

 http://www.engr.iupui.edu/~mrnalim/me314lab/lab02.htm
 http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/webpage_data/nptel/Mechanical/Heat%20and%20M
ass%20Transfer/Conduction/Module%203/main/3.3.html
 https://www.scribd.com/document/289411218/Transport-Lab-Report-Experiment-
1-docx

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