Network Address Broadcast Address and IP Address Explained https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-guide/network-a...

Network Address Broadcast Address and IP Address Explained

This tutorial explains network address, broadcast address and IP address with examples. Learn what network address is, types of
network address, how to find the default network address & broadcast address of any IP class along with the network addressing
such as unicast, multicast and broadcast in details.

IP Address
An IP address is a unique identity of an interface in IP network. IP addresses are just like postal addresses. In order to send and
receive packages through postal system, every house needs a unique postal address. Just like it, in order to send and receive IP
packets in IP network, every interface needs a unique IP address.

IP address format
An IP address consists 32 bits. These bits are divided in four equal sections. Sections are separated by periods and written in a
sequence.

In measurement, 8 bits are equal to one byte or octet. So we can also say an IP address consists four bytes or octets separated by
periods.

Two popular notations are used for writing an IP address, binary and decimal.

In binary notation, all four octets are written in binary format. For example, few IP addresses in binary format are listed below.

00001010.00001010.00001010.00001010
10101100.10101000.00000001.00000001
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

In decimal notation, all four octets are written in decimal format. A decimal equivalent value of the octet is used in each section. For
example, IP addresses from above example are listed below in decimal format.

10.10.10.10
172.168.1.1
192.168.1.1

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